Sexual and Asexual Reproduction Flashcards
(16 cards)
Key difference between sexual and asexual reproduction?
Sexual reproduction requires two parents, asexual reproduction requires one
What are the two types of gametes?
Sperm– male sex cell
Ova– female sex cell
What are two advantages of sexual reproduction?
- leads to more genetic diversity
- more resistant to disease due to the variance in genetics
What are two disadvantages of sexual reproduction?
- requires two partners, and not everyone can find a compatible mate
- they’re courting rituals, which can be complicated and slow
What are two advantages of asexual reproduction?
*Very quick reproduction process, able to make lots of copies in a short amount of time
* extremely simple compared to sexual reproduction
* able to produce lots of one of type of cell that is suited to the environment if it lives in one environment its whole life rather than lots of variants in small amounts
What are two disadvantages of asexual reproduction?
*Makes exact copies, so any discrepancies found in one all will have such as disease or a drug
* an entire population of cells could be wiped out at once due to not being resistant to something, because they are all the same
* seeds don’t last forever
What is the real life application for sexual and asexual reproduction?
The Great Potato Famine of Ireland 1845, where all the potatoes were wiped out due to a potato disease, because they went past seven generations and all of them were too similar. Only options were to migrate or starve, about 1 million died out of 4 million
What is the magic number of generations for plants such as potatoes?
Seven generations, as after that they are all too genetically similar and there’s too much risk of them being wiped out.
What is binary fission, including an example?
Binary fission - single celled organism divides into two identical daughter cells, which are identical and clones of the parent cell
Ex: Amoebas + bacteria
What is budding, including an example?
Budding - parents so produces small Bud / miniaturized clone. Some organisms detach and become separate, like yeast, others remain attached forming a body of identical individuals, like Coral
What is parthenogenesis, with examples?
Parthenogenesis- unfertilized, haploid eggs mature into new organisms. In bees unfertilized eggs become males, fertilized become females or Queens.
What are spores asexual reproduction, with examples?
Spores- fungi, algae, and some molds reproduce in this way. They produce spores, which are haploid cells that develop into offspring. The haploid reproductive cells are released when fully developed and begin to grow when the environment is appropriate.
What is vegetative reproduction, with examples?
Vegetative reproduction- a part of a plant, attached or not, grows into its own plant rather than producing a seed. If not attached, a stem is grown in water.
Ex: Strawberries
What is fragmentation, with examples?
Fragmentation - animals like worms and Starfish use fragmentation, where apart of the parent is removed and grows into an identical clone, such as a worm split in half or an arm of a starfish that is detached.
What is grafting?
Grafting - grafting is where one plant is joined with another plant, the two plants growing into one but still having separate characteristics. It can be used to form a new variation of a plant like a certain color or flower.
What are plant tissue cultures?
Plant tissue cultures is where plant cells are placed into a petri dish and grown into a new individual through chemicals and nutrients. After it turns to a Seedling it can be planted in soil to grow as normal
