Sexual & Asexual Reproduction

Question 1

A parent cell divides so that each new daughter cell contains a single chromosome carrying a complete & identical set of DNA to that of the parent.

Answer 1

Binary Fission

Question 2

What are three organisms which reproduce through binary fission?

Answer 2

E. coli, archaea, & euglena

Question 3

What are three organisms which are fungi?

Answer 3

Mold, yeast, & mushrooms

Question 4

What are the three methods by which asexual organisms reproduce?

Answer 4

Budding, fragmentation, & sporulation

Question 5

Fungi bodies are comprised of thin filaments. What are they called?

Answer 5

Hypha (singular), hyphae (plural)

Question 6

The process in which a small piece of a fungus breaks away & becomes a genetically new individual.

Answer 6

Fragmentation

Question 7

The process in which a small version of a parent organism grows from the parent and eventually breaks away, developing into an independent organism.

Answer 7

Budding

Question 8

What are the steps of the budding process?

Answer 8

First, a copy of the parent’s nucleus is made. Then, a tiny bud begins to grow on the parent’s cell wall, & it stores the new nucleus. The bud will continue to grow, & at some point, it will break away to become an independent cell. This new cell is identical to the parent.

Question 9

What is a spore?

Answer 9

A reproductive cell which can grow into a new individual through mitotic cell division.

Question 10

Spores are stored in a case. What is it called?

Answer 10

A sporangium

Question 11

Describe the sporulation process.

Answer 11

First, the spores in a sporangium grow up from the hyphae of a mold. At some point, the sporangium will burst, releasing spores into the air.

Question 12

What are the products of (successful) reproduction?

Answer 12

New Offspring

Question 13

50% of one’s genetic code comes from where?

Answer 13

Each of their parents.

Question 14

The entirety of a bacteria’s genetic code, excluding mutations, comes from where?

Answer 14

Its parent.

Question 15

What is a gamete?

Answer 15

A reproductive cell

Question 16

The process in which a male gamete combines with a female gamete to form a new diploid organism.

Answer 16

Fertilization

Question 17

What is the product of meiosis?

Answer 17

New gametes

Question 18

What are two advantages of sexual reproduction?

Answer 18

Greater genetic variation, & (usually) a lower chance of the species’ population taking serious damage from a disease.

Question 19

What are two disadvantages of sexual reproduction?

Answer 19

Usually slower, usually requires more resources & nurturing to ensure a good life for the offspring.

Question 20

Which are usually more likely to survive a sudden change, asexual or sexual-reproducing species?

Answer 20

Sexually-reproducing species

Question 21

Diploid cells have what?

Answer 21

A complete set of chromosomes as the species they belong to.

Question 22

Haploid cells have what?

Answer 22

Half the number of chromosomes as the species they are produced by.

Question 23

The immediate product of fertilization is what?

Answer 23

A zygote

Question 24

The algebraic notation for a haploid cell is what?

Answer 24

n

Question 25

A species whose members produce either male or female gametes.

Answer 25

Dioecious species

Question 26

Organs which produce gametes

Answer 26

Gonads

Question 27

Male gonads in humans

Answer 27

Testicles

Question 28

Female gonads in humans

Answer 28

Ovaries

Question 29

A species whose members produce both male & female gametes.

Answer 29

Monoecious species

Question 30

What are two synonyms for monoecious?

Answer 30

Bisexual & hermaphrodite

Question 31

Organisms which produce eggs that develop & hatch outside the mother.

Answer 31

Oviparous

Question 32

Organisms whose offspring are born alive.

Answer 32

Viviparous

Question 33

Organisms whose embryonic offspring develop inside eggs which stay in the mother's body, until they are ready to hatch.

Answer 33

Ovoviparous

Question 34

Two examples of oviparous organisms

Answer 34

Birds & frogs

Question 35

Two examples of viviparous organisms

Answer 35

Cows & humans

Question 36

Two examples of ovoviparous organisms

Answer 36

Snakes & sharks

Question 37

What are three characteristics of the r-selection strategy?

Answer 37

High number of produced offspring, little to no parental care given to the offspring, & shorter lifespans of the offspring

Question 38

What are three characteristics of the K-selection strategy?

Answer 38

Low number of produced offspring, large amount of parental care given to the offspring, & longer lifespans for the offspring

Question 39

What are two organisms which use the r-selection strategy?

Answer 39

Oysters & turtles

Question 40

What are two organisms which use the k-selection strategy?

Answer 40

Chimpanzees & elephants

Question 41

What is a mass of hyphae called?

Answer 41

A mycelium