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Sexual Health Flashcards

(59 cards)

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1
Q

What is bacterial vaginosis?

A

Overgrowth of vaginal anaerobic bacteria

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2
Q

What is lost in BV?

A

Lactobacilli in vagina that normally produce lactic acid to keep pH under 4.5

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3
Q

What are anaerobes that can grow in higher pH in BV?

A

Gardnerella vaginalis is most common

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4
Q

What are some risk factors for BV?

A

Multiple sexual partners
Recent antibiotics
Excessive vaginal cleaning
Smoking
Copper coil

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5
Q

What is the presentation of BV?

A

Fishy smelling watery grey or white vaginal discharge
Asymptomatic

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6
Q

What is the pH of BV?

A

Above 4.5

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7
Q

What does BV show on microscopy?

A

Clue cells - cervix epithelial cells with bacteria stuck inside them

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8
Q

What is the 1st line treatment for BV?

A

Metronidazole

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9
Q

Why do you avoid alcohol with Metronidazole?

A

It can cause a difulfiram like reaction with nausea, vomiting, flush, shock and angiodema

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10
Q

What is thrush?

A

Vaginal infection with a yeast of the candida family

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11
Q

What is the most common cause of thrush?

A

Candida albicans

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12
Q

What is the presentation of thrush?

A

Irritation
Discomfort
Erythema
Fissures
Thick white discharge
Vulval and vaginal itching
Excoriation

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13
Q

What is the management of thrush?

A

Antifungal cream and pessary

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14
Q

What is canesten duo?

A

OTC thrush treatment of fluconazole tablet and clotrimazole cream

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15
Q

What is trichomoniasis?

A

Parasite spread via sexual intercourse

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16
Q

What does trichomonas vaginalis show on examination?

A

Strawberry cervix - haemorrhages across surface

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17
Q

What is balanitis?

A

Inflammation of glans penis

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18
Q

What is posthitis?

A

Inflammation of foreskin

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19
Q

What is the presentation of balanitis?

A

Penile discomfort and itch
Bleeding
Skin splitting
Urethral discharge
Urinary symptoms
Redness and swelling

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20
Q

What is the management of balanitis?

A

Topical Imidazole and topical corticosteroid

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21
Q

What is chlamydia?

A

Gram negative bacteria
Most common STI in the UK

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22
Q

What is the presentation of chlamydia?

A

Asymptomatic
Abnormal vaginal discharge
Pelvic pain
Dysuria

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23
Q

What is a test for chlamydia?

A

NAAT and charcoal swabs

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24
Q

What is the 1st line management for chlaymdia?

Study These Flashcards
A

Doxycycline 100mg twice a day for 7 days

25
What is lymphogranuloma venereum?
Mainly in men who have sex with men Lymphoid tissue is affected around chlamydia site of infection
25
What is chalmydial conjunctivitis?
Genital fluid comes into contact with the eye
26
What can chalymdia during pregnancy cause?
Preterm labour PROM Low birth weight
27
What is chalmydia in pregnancy treated with?
Erythromycin 500mg BD for 10-14 days
28
What is lymphogranuloma venereum?
STI caused by a strain of chlamydia that attacks lymph nodes
29
What are some causes of lymphogranuloma venereum?
Chemsex Group sex Fisting Sharing unwashed sex toys Unprotected sex - anal, oral, vaginal
30
What is the presentation of lymphogranuloma venereum?
Asymptomatic Swollen groin lymph glands Ulcer on penis, vagina or around anus Blood/ pus from anus Constipation Painful straining Loose stools Tenesmus
31
What is the treatment for lymphogranuloma venerum?
Doxycycline BD 3 weeks
32
What is syphilis caused by?
Treponema pallidum
33
What is primary syphilis?
Painless ulcer (chancre) at original infection site - usually genitals
34
What is secondary syphilis?
Systemic symptoms particularly of skin and mucous membranes
35
What is latent syphilis?
Asymptomatic despite infection
36
What is neurosyphilis?
Infection moves to CNS
37
What is the presentation of neurosyphilis?
Dementia Headache Altered behaviour Ocular syphilis Paralysis
38
What is an argyll-robertson pupil?
Seen in neurosyphilis where there is a constricted pupil that accommodates when focussing on a near object but doesn't react to light and are often irregularly shaped
39
What is tabes dorsalis?
Demyelination affecting spinal cord posterior columns
40
What is the treatment for syphilis?
Single deep IM dose of benzathine benzylpenicillin
41
What is HSV-1 associated with?
Cold sores
42
What is HSV-2 associated with?
Genital herpes
43
What nerve is cold sores associated with?
Trigeminal
44
What nerve is genital herpes associated with?
Sacral
45
What is the treatment for genital herpes?
Aciclovir
46
What is genital warts caused by?
HPV-6 and 11 in most
47
What sort of bacteria is gonorrhoea?
Gram negative diplococcus
48
How does gonorrhoea spread?
Mucous secretions
49
What is the treatment for gonorrhoea?
Ciprofloxacin
50
What is AIDS?
HIV when CD4 count drops below 200
51
Give 4 AIDS defining illnesses
Kaposi's sarcoma PCP CMV TB Candidiasis
52
What is 1st line treatment for HIV?
2 NRTIs plus a 3rd agent
53
What is given to all those with CD4 under 200?
Prophylactic co-trimoxazole to protect against PCP
54
Delivery of baby with HIV viral load under 50 copies?
Normal vaginal
55
Delivery of baby with HIV viral load over 400 copies?
Pre-labour C-section
56
What is given during labour in HIV?
IV zidovudine
57
What is PEP?
Used after HIV exposure to reduce transmission risk
58
What is PrEP?
Take before exposure to HIV to reduce transmission risk

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