Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Theo's Obs And Gynae > Sexual Health > Flashcards

Sexual Health Flashcards

(71 cards)

Start Studying
0
Q

How long is the incubation period with syphilis?

A

Three weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

What bacteria causes syphilis?

A

Treponema pallidum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the categories of acquired syphilis?

A

Primary:

  • incubation period 2-3 weeks
  • local infection

Secondary:

  • incubation period 6-12 wk
  • generalised infection

Latent syphilis:
- asymptomatic syphilis of around 2 years duration

Late symptomatic syphilis:
- ‘tertiary syphilis’ - cardiovascular, neurosyphilis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How does primary syphilis present?

A

Primary lesion develops at the site of infection

Small painless papule, which forms an ulcer (chancre) with a red margin, discharging clear serum

Usually around coronal sulcus, glans and prepuce, vulva, labia, occasionally mouth and genitalia

May have enlarged regional lymph nodes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How does secondary syphilis present?

A

Secondary syphilis appears 6 weeks after primary lesion

Systemic presentation - nighttime headaches, malaise, fever, aches, generalised polymorphic rash on palms, soles, or face

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is neurological syphilis?

A

Presentation of tertiary syphilis

May be asymptomatic but with abnormal CSF

May be symptomatic:
Tabes dorsalis - dorsal column loss
Dementia
Meningovascular involvement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is cardiovascular syphilis?

A

Presentation of tertiary syphilis

Characterised by aortitis, spreading dismally from aortic root

Clinical manifestations include aortic regurgitation, aortic aneurysm, angina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How should suspected syphilis be investigated?

A

Screen for all STIs

Request treponemal enzyme immunoassay for IgM for early infection (primary syphilis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How should primary syphilis be treated?

A

Benzathine penicillin IM single dose

Oral azithromycin single dose - second line

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How common is gonorrhoea?

A

Accounts for 7% of newly diagnosed STIs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How long is the incubation period for gonorrhoea?

A

Between 2-5 days, but may be up to 10 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How often is gonorrhoea asymptomatic in men and women?

A

Men - 90-95%

Women - 50%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How does gonorrhoea present in men?

A

Usually asymptomatic

Urethral infections:
Mucopurulent discharge, dysuria
Epidydymal tenderness/swelling

Rectal infection - anal discharge, perianal pain, pruritis, bleeding
Pharyngeal infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How does gonorrhoea present in women?

A 
Urethral infection:
Dysuria without frequency
Mucopurulent endocervical discharge
Contact bleeding of cervix
Pelvic/abdominal tenderness

Rectal infection
Pharyngeal infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What bacteria causes gonorrhoea?

A

Neisseria gonorrhoea

Gram negative diplococci

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How is gonorrhoea managed?

A

Ceftriaxone 500mg IM stat plus azithromycin 1g orally stat

Partner notification
No sexual intercourse until both partners have completed their abx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the complications of gonococcal urethritis in men?

A 
Urethral scarring and structure
Acute epididymitis
Prostatitis
Seminal vesiculitis
Penile lymphangitis
Peri-urethral abscess
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are he complications if gonorrhoea in women?

A

Barthholins abscess

Pelvic inflammatory disease, resulting in infertility, chronic pelvic pain and perihepatitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What bacteria causes chlamydia?

A

Chlamydia trachomatis

Small obligate intracellular gram negative bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How does chlamydia present in women?

A 
Often asymptomatic
Vaginal discharge
Dysuria
Lower abdominal pain
Fever
Intermenstrual or postcoital bleeding
Dyspareunia
Cervical excitation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How does chlamydia present in men?

A 
Often asymptomatic
Dysuria
Urethral discharge
Epididymo-orchitis
Unilateral testicular pain and swelling 
Fever
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are other presentations of chlamydia infections?

A

Reactive arthritis
Perihepatitis (fitz-Hugh Curtis syndrome)
Proctitis with mucopurulent discharge
Pharyngeal infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the triad of Reiters syndrome?

A

Urethritis
Arthritis
Conjunctivitis

Can be triggered with chlamydial infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the treatment of chlamydia?

A

1g azithromycin
Or
7 days doxycycline

Alternatives include erythromycin and
Ofloxacin

Partner notification
No sexual inter course until both partners have completed their abx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
What is a differential for vaginal discharge in a young woman?
Bacterial vaginosis Candida albicans Trichomonas vaginalis Chlamydia trachomatis Neisseria gonorrhoea Cervical ectopy Pregnancy Retained tampons Foreign body
25
How should female genital infections been investigated?
Look at appearance of vaginal discharge and perform vaginal pH (BV) High vaginal swab - BV, candida and TV Vulvovaginal swab - chlamydia and gonorrhoea NAAT Endocervical swab for GC culture Syphilis serology and HIV
26
What are causes of post coital bleeding?
Infection: Chlamydia Gonorrhoea ``` Cervical abnormality: Polyp CIN Cervical malignancy Ectopy ```
27
What investigations should be done to investigate post coital bleeding?
Speculum Vulvovaginal swab - chlamydia and gonorrhoea NAAT Endocervical swab - gonorrhoea culture Cervical assessment - smear and colposcopy
28
What is a differential for dysuria in young women?
``` UTI Chlamydia trachomatis Gonorrhoea Genital herpes Genital candidiasis Trichomonas vaginalis Vulval dermatoses ```
29
How might dysuria be investigated?
Examine vulva - signs if excoriation, fissuring, erythema, oedema Take herpes/syphilis swab from vulval ulcer MSU Perform vulvovaginal swab for chlamydia and gonorrhoea NAAT Perform high vulvovaginal swabs for candida, TV and BV Endocervical swab for gonorrhoea culture
30
How should a suspected STI/UTI be investigated in a male?
Urethral swab - grab stained smear and culture for gonorrhoea FSU - chlamydia and gonorrhoea NAAT MSU to exclude UTI Syphilis and HIV serology If MSM- rectal and pharyngeal swabs for chlamydia and gonorrhoea - NAAT is culture
31
What is a differential for genital rash?
``` Candida Strep/staph Anaerobes Trichomonas Gardnerella Syphilis Heroes simplex Circinate balanitis Lichen sclerosis Lichen planus Psoriasis Eczema ```
32
What is a differential for genital itch?
Thrush Trichomoniasis in females Scabies Pthyris pubis Dermatitis Lichen sclerosis Lichen planus Lichen simplex
33
How should genital rash be investigated?
Supreputial swab for candida and bacterial culture Urinalysis for glucose if candida suspected Viral swab for HSV Syphilis serology if genital ulcer STI screen if appropriate Biopsy if necessary
34
What is general advice to give to patients with genital rash?
Salt water bathing Avoid soaps while inflammation persists Use aqueous cream/E45 wash as soap substitute
35
What is the treatment for candida infection?
Topical antifungals - e.g canesten cream BD until symptoms resolve (clotrimaxole)
36
What is the treatment for lichen planus?
Usually self limiting
37
What is the treatment for lichen sclerosis?
Potent topical steroid Requires long term follow up due to small risk if malignant transformation
38
How does candida balanitis present?
Common condition Red papules, superficial erosion, or white plaques
39
How is candida balanitis managed?
Exclude diabetes, lichen planus and candidal balanitis Topical therapy- clotrimaxole cream or fluconazole
40
How does circinate balanitis present?
Painless, mucocutaneous lesions Associated with sexually acquired reactive arthritis Skin lesions are similar to psoriasis
41
How does scabies present?
Widespread pruritic dermatitis, genital nodules, burrows in fingerspaces
42
How is scabies diagnosed?
Clinical Skin scrapings may help
43
What is the management of scabies
Permethrin 5% cream Treat household and close contacts
44
What is pthyris pubis and how does it present?
Pubic lice Genital itch Blue spots Perifolliculitis
45
What is the treatment of pthyris pubis?
Permethrin 1% or malathion 0.5% Treat sexual partners
46
How does lichen simplex present?
Due to chronic rubbing or scratching? Poorly demarcated plaques of thickened skin Usually affects scrotum in men and labia majors in women
47
How is lichen simplex treated?
Avoid irritants Emollients/moisturiser Mild topical steroid
48
How does lichen sclerosis present?
Itching or soreness Pale, Atrophic skin, erosions, telangiectasia, loss of architecture May develop into SCC (4%)
49
How is lichen sclerosis treated?
General skin advice Potent topical steroids
50
How does lichen planus present?
Lichen planus is an inflammatory condition of unknown aetiology Different morphological appearances: Violaceous, flat-topped papules White lacy papules Plaques or erosions Itching is main symptom Self limiting
51
How many people under 25 are colonised with HSV-1?
60% Majority acquired subclinically - 80% unaware they are infected
52
How many men and women are affects by genital herpes!
Female - 1 in 8 Male - 1 in 25
53
How often do recurrences occur in herpes?
Males have more recurrences These are usually self limiting, and last 7-12 days HSV1 - 1-2 recurrences a year HSV2 - 4-6 recurrences a year Recurrences usually decrease over time 20% have no recurrences
54
How should a herpes outbreak be treated?
Saltwater bathing Topical anaesthetic/oral analgesia Acyclovir 400mg 3x a day for 5 days
55
How can herpes be passed on, and how can this be prevented?
Direct contact with mucous membranes or skin Most infectious during recurrence, although viral shedding occurs when asymptomatic Avoid sex during recurrences, use condoms otherwise
56
What causes molluscum contagiosum?
Molluscum virus - DNA pox virus
57
How is molluscum contagiosum treated?
Cryotherapy Currette Enucleation Podophyllotoxin
58
How do genital warts tend to appear?
Smooth polypoidal lesions
59
What virus causes genital warts?
Human papilloma virus (HPV)
60
What types if HPV are responsible for genital warts?
HPV subtypes 6 and 11 responsible for 90% of genital warts HPV subtypes 16-18 tend not to cause genital warts, instead cause cervical cancer
61
How are genital warts transmitted?
HPV gains access to basal epithelial layer through micro abrasions in genital skin during sexual contact May be transmitted by oral-genital contact- rarely transmitted by digital genital contact
62
What is the incubation period for genital warts?
Usually 3 months Can be as short as 3 weeks, can be as long as 2 years
63
How are genital warts treated?
Ablative therapies: Cryotherapy - if few warts Podophyllotoxin cream - if many warts Electrocautery - for intrameatal warts Immune modulation: Imiquimod 5% cream - persistent warts - low recurrence rates Surgical: Curettage Excision Debulking
64
How long do genital warts take to resolve?
Most resolve by 3 months with treatment Detectable in genital skin for 1 year May recur, and a small minority may have persistent warts May be re-infected with a different HPV strain
65
How long is a patient with genital warts infectious for?
3 months after the warts have resolved
66
Can genital warts be transmitted when asymptomatic?
Yes Condoms do not eliminate transmission, they just reduce it
67
Can anal genital warts occur without anal sex?
Yes HPV is a multicentric infection, and not limited to initial site of infection
68
What is lymphogranuloma venereum?
STI caused by chlamydia trachomatis Presents with painless papule which ulcerates and heals Then develop lymphadenopathy and inguinal abscesses
69
What causes strawberry cervix?
Trichomonas Punctate erythematous appearance of cervix in trichomoniasis
70
What is chancroid?
``` Ulcerative condition if the genitalia which develops to cause: Single /multiple ulcers Phimosis Enlargement of inguinal lymph nodes Abscess Discharging sinus ``` Caused by haemophilus ducreyi

Theo's Obs And Gynae (22 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions