Sexual Health Flashcards
(46 cards)
Who has breast screening?
Women aged 50-70 evert 3 years
What are some visual signs of breast abnormalities that patients can keep and eye out for?
- Change in size/shape of one breast
- Lumps or thickening
- Change in skin texture
- Redness or rash
- Inversion of the nipple
- Discharge from nipples
- Pain or discomfort
What are the 4 stages of cancer?
1 - Early stage
2 - Localised
3 - Regional spread
4 - Distant spread
What is the most common cancer?
Breast cancer
Which imaging tests are safe in pregnancy?
- Chest x-ray
- Abdominal USS
Which imaging tests are unsafe in pregnancy?
- Isotope scan
- PET scan
- CT scan
If chemotherapy is needed, when is it safest to perform in pregnancy?
2nd and 3rd trimesters, but should finish at least 3 weeks before delivery
What are the different types of treatment for cancer?
- Hormone therapy
- Targeted therapy
- Systemic treatment (e.g. chemo)
- Immunotherapy
- Radiotherapy
Describe hormone therapy
- Blocks/lowers hormone levels
- Only effective in hormone-sensitive cancers
Describe targeted therapy
Potential ability to target cancer cells by identifying specific proteins on the cells
Describe immunotherapy
- Cancer cells usually not recognised by immune system
- This therapy helps to identify and destroy cancer cells using immune system
What are the contraceptive options containing oestrogen?
- The pill
- Evra
- Nuva-ring
How does the pill work?
- Take 1 at same time each day for 21/7, then break for 7/7
- Perfect use = 99% effective
- Typical use = 91% effective
How does the evra work?
- Contraceptive patch
- Releases hormones through skin
- Must be changed once a week
- Perfect use = 99% effective
- Typical use = 91% effective
How does the nuva-ring work?
- Ring inserted into the vagina
- In for 21/7, out for 7/7, then insert new one
- Can be inserted by the user
- Perfect use = 99% effective
- Typical use = 91% effective
How do the contraceptive options containing oestrogen and/or progesterone work?
Tricks the body into thinking its pregnant so follicles don’t develop, eggs aren’t released each month and cervical mucus thickens
What are the contraceptive options containing progesterone?
- Progesterone-only pill
- Injection
- Implant
- IUS (intra-uterine system)
How does the progesterone-only pill work?
- Take 1 pill every day, no breaks
- Perfect use = 99% effective
- Typical use = 91% effective
How does the injection work?
- 1 injection every 12-13 weeks
- Perfect use = 99% effective
- Typical use = 94% effective
How does the implant work?
- Inserted under the skin in the upper arm once every 3 years
- > 99% effective
How does the IUS work?
- Mirena (5 years) or Jaydess (3 years)
- Inserted into the uterus
- > 99% effective
What are the barrier methods of contraception?
- Male condom
- Female condom
- Diaphragm
- Cap
How does the male condom work?
- Apply to penis before sexual intercourse
- Perfect use = 98% effective
- Typical use = 82% effective
How does the female condom work?
- Insert into vagina and ensure external plastic ring remains outside
- Perfect use = 95% effective
- Typical use = 79% effective
