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Sexual Reproduction Flashcards

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1
Q

What type of reproduction do humans undergo?

A

Sexually reproducing and viviparous

Viviparous means giving birth to live young rather than laying eggs.

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2
Q

What are the two main processes involved in gametogenesis?

A

Formation of sperms in males and formation of ovum in females

Gametogenesis is the process of forming gametes.

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3
Q

What is the process of transferring sperms into the female genital tract called?

A

Insemination

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4
Q

What is the term for the development of the blastocyst and its attachment to the uterine wall?

A

Implantation

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5
Q

What is the term for the period of embryonic development?

A

Gestation

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6
Q

What is the term for the delivery of the baby?

A

Parturition

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7
Q

At what life stage do reproductive events begin in humans?

A

After puberty

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8
Q

How does sperm formation differ between males and females as they age?

A

Sperm formation continues even in old men, but ovum formation ceases in women around the age of fifty years

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9
Q

Where is the male reproductive system located?

A

In the pelvis region

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10
Q

What are the components of the male reproductive system?

A

A pair of testes, accessory ducts, glands, and external genitalia

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11
Q

Where are the testes situated?

A

Outside the abdominal cavity within a pouch called scrotum.

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12
Q

What is the function of the scrotum?

A

Helps in maintaining the low temperature of the testes necessary for spermatogenesis.

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13
Q

What is the normal temperature difference the scrotum maintains for the testes?

A

2-2.5° C lower than the normal internal body temperature.

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14
Q

What is the average length of an adult testis?

A

About 4 to 5 cm.

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15
Q

What is the average width of an adult testis?

A

About 2 to 3 cm.

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16
Q

What covers each testis?

A

A dense covering.

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17
Q

How many testicular lobules does each testis have?

A

About 250 compartments called testicular lobules.

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18
Q

What do seminiferous tubules produce?

A

Sperms.

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19
Q

What types of cells line the inside of seminiferous tubules?

A

Male germ cells (spermatogonia) and Sertoli cells.

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20
Q

What is the role of Sertoli cells?

A

Provide nutrition to the germ cells.

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21
Q

What do Leydig cells synthesize and secrete?

A

Testicular hormones called androgens.

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22
Q

What are the male sex accessory ducts?

A

Rete testis, vasa efferentia, epididymis, and vas deferens.

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23
Q

Where do the seminiferous tubules open into?

A

Vasa efferentia through rete testis.

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24
Q

What does the epididymis connect to?

A

Vas deferens.

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25
What is the route of sperm from the testis to the outside?
Testis → Vasa efferentia → Epididymis → Vas deferens → Urethra.
26
What is the urethra's role in the male reproductive system?
Originates from the urinary bladder and extends through the penis to its external opening called urethral meatus.
27
True or False: The vas deferens opens into the urethra as the ejaculatory duct.
True.
28
Fill in the blank: Leydig cells are located in the _______ spaces.
Interstitial.
29
What structures are involved in sperm storage and transport?
Seminal vesicle, vas deferens, and urethra.
30
What are spermatogonia?
Stem cells in the male reproductive system that give rise to spermatozoa. ## Footnote Spermatogonia undergo mitosis and differentiation to form sperm cells.
31
What are spermatozoa?
Mature male gametes produced from spermatogonia. ## Footnote Spermatozoa are the final product of spermatogenesis.
32
What are Sertoli cells?
Supportive cells in the seminiferous tubules that nourish and support developing sperm cells. ## Footnote Sertoli cells also help in the regulation of spermatogenesis.
33
What is the function of the penis?
Facilitates erection for insemination. ## Footnote The penis is composed of erectile tissue that allows for enlargement and rigidity.
34
What is the glans penis?
The enlarged end of the penis. ## Footnote The glans is covered by the foreskin, which is a loose fold of skin.
35
What are the male accessory glands?
Paired seminal vesicles, prostate, and paired bulbourethral glands. ## Footnote These glands contribute to the production of seminal plasma.
36
What does seminal plasma contain?
Fructose, calcium, and certain enzymes. ## Footnote Seminal plasma is crucial for sperm viability and mobility.
37
What is the primary female sex organ?
Ovaries. ## Footnote Ovaries produce the female gamete (ovum) and several steroid hormones.
38
What are the components of the female reproductive system?
Ovaries, oviducts, uterus, cervix, vagina, and external genitalia. ## Footnote These components work together to facilitate ovulation, fertilization, and childbirth.
39
Where are the ovaries located?
On each side of the lower abdomen. ## Footnote Ovaries are held in place by ligaments connected to the pelvic wall and uterus.
40
What are the two zones of the ovarian stroma?
Peripheral cortex and inner medulla. ## Footnote The cortex contains follicles at various stages of development.
41
Fill in the blank: The penis is made up of special tissue that helps in _______.
erection.
42
True or False: The secretions of bulbourethral glands help in the lubrication of the vagina.
False. ## Footnote The bulbourethral glands provide lubrication for the penis.
43
What is the function of the ovaries?
Produce the female gamete (ovum) and several steroid hormones. ## Footnote Ovarian hormones play key roles in regulating the menstrual cycle and reproductive processes.
44
What is the function of the fimbriae in the female reproductive system?
Fimbriae help in the collection of the ovum after ovulation. ## Footnote They are finger-like projections located at the edges of the infundibulum of the fallopian tubes.
45
What are the components of the female accessory ducts?
The oviducts (fallopian tubes), uterus, and vagina. ## Footnote These structures are essential for reproduction.
46
What is the approximate length of each fallopian tube?
10-12 cm long. ## Footnote Fallopian tubes extend from the ovaries to the uterus.
47
What is the funnel-shaped part of the fallopian tube called?
Infundibulum. ## Footnote It is located at the part of the tube closer to the ovary.
48
What are the three layers of the uterus?
* Endometrium * Myometrium * Perimetrium ## Footnote These layers have distinct functions, with the endometrium being the inner lining that thickens during the menstrual cycle.
49
What is the role of the cervix in the female reproductive system?
The cervix connects the uterus to the vagina. ## Footnote It has a cervical canal that allows the passage of menstrual fluid and childbirth.
50
Fill in the blank: The _______ is the external opening of the female reproductive system.
Vaginal orifice. ## Footnote It serves as the entry point for sperm and the exit for menstrual fluid.
51
True or False: The labia majora are smaller folds of skin than the labia minora.
False. ## Footnote The labia majora are the larger outer folds, while the labia minora are smaller inner folds.
52
What structure is located anteriorly to the vaginal orifice?
Clitoris. ## Footnote The clitoris is an important part of the female sexual anatomy.
53
What is the purpose of the urinary bladder in the female pelvis?
The urinary bladder stores urine. ## Footnote It is located in the anterior part of the pelvic cavity.
54
What is the pubic symphysis?
A cartilaginous joint that connects the left and right pubic bones. ## Footnote It provides stability to the pelvis.
55
What is the significance of the uterine fundus?
The uterine fundus is the uppermost part of the uterus. ## Footnote It is important during pregnancy as it expands to accommodate the growing fetus.
56
What is the ampulla in relation to the fallopian tube?
The ampulla is the widest part of the fallopian tube. ## Footnote It is typically where fertilization occurs.
57
What is the role of the isthmus in the female reproductive system?
The isthmus connects the ampulla to the uterus. ## Footnote It is a narrower section of the fallopian tube.
58
What is the last part of the oviduct called?
Isthmus
59
What is the shape of the uterus?
Inverted pear
60
What supports the uterus?
Ligaments attached to the pelvic wall
61
What is the narrow opening of the uterus into the vagina called?
Cervix
62
What forms the birth canal?
Cervical canal and vagina
63
What are the three layers of the uterine wall?
* Perimetrium * Myometrium * Endometrium
64
What type of muscle is the myometrium made of?
Smooth muscle
65
What are the external genitalia of the female?
* Mons pubis * Labia majora * Labia minora * Hymen * Clitoris
66
What is the mons pubis?
Cushion of fatty tissue covered by skin and pubic hair
67
What is the hymen?
Membrane that partially covers the vaginal opening
68
Where is the clitoris located?
At the upper junction of the two labia minora above the urethral opening
69
What can cause the hymen to be torn?
* First coitus * Sudden fall or jolt * Insertion of a vaginal tampon * Active participation in some sports
70
What are the components of the mammary system?
* Mammary lobe * Mammary alveolus * Mammary duct * Ampulla * Lactiferous duct

Neet Zoology (1 decks)

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