sexual reproduction in flowering plants Flashcards
(170 cards)
1
Q
____ deals with the mechanism of origin and pattern of early development of a plant
A
embyology
2
Q
who is the father of plant embrology
A
C F Wolf
3
Q
CF Wolf is fater of?
A
plant embryology
4
Q
____ is the father of indian plant embryology
A
P. Maheshwari
5
Q
P Maheshwari is father of
A
indian plant embyology
6
Q
according to ___ , anther is ___ reproductive organ and ___ is the site of reproduction
A
N Grew
Male
flower
7
Q
____ era is the ____ period of angiosperms
A
coenozoic era
golden
8
Q
sexual reproduction in plant is studied in ____ of family ____
A
Capsella bursa pastoris
Brassicaceae
9
Q
which family does capsella bursa pastoris belong to
A
brassicaceae
10
Q
capsella bursa pastoris is a ____ weed, growing in ___ season
A
annual
winter
11
Q
capsella bursa pastoris is homosporous or heterosporous
A
heterosporous
12
Q
name the 2 spores in herterosporus condition
A
microspore
megaspore
13
Q
megaspore forms ___ gametophyte
A
female
14
Q
microspore forms ___ gametophyte
A
male
15
Q
when microspore mother cell performs meiosis, it forms___
A
microspore or pollen grain or male gametophyte
16
Q
in angiosperms, gamete formation is ___, from he sporophytic plant body
A
indirect
17
Q
which fertilization event is a characteristic feature of angiosperms
A
double ferilization
18
Q
unit of androecium is called
A
stamen (microsporophyll)
19
Q
name the 3 parts of stamen
A
filament
connective
anther
20
Q
which are the sterile parts of stamen
A
fliament
connective
21
Q
__ part of stamen has microsporangium or pollen sac
A
anther
22
Q
___ is the fertile part of stamen
A
anther
23
Q
no of lobes of anther
A
2
24
Q
each lobe of anther is differentated into ___
A
2 pollen chambers
25
2 other names for pollen chamber
theca or microsporangia
26
each lobe of anther is __
dithecus
27
anther is __sporangiate
tetrasporangiate
28
in ___ family, anther is monothecous, thus it is ____sporangiate
malvaceae (like china rose and lady finger)
| bisporangiate
29
the smallest angiospermic plant is ___ and it is ___sporangiate
wolfia
| bisporangiate
30
___ is the smallest leafless parasite and it has ___ anther
Arceuthobium
| monosporangiate
31
mature anther is differentiated into __and ___
sporangial wall
| sporogeneous tissue
32
young anther is __ shape and becomes __ chambered at maturity
oval
| 4 chambered
33
give the features of primary archesporial cell
large sized cells
dense cytoplasm
large and dark nucleus
34
by periclinal division of primary archesporial cell, __&__ are formed
primary parietal cell
| primary sporogeneous cell
35
primary parietal later forms ___ by __divisions
sporangial wall
| by periclinal and anticlinal division
36
wall of sporangium is differentiated into
epithelium
endothecium (single layer)
middle layer (1-3 layer)
tapetum (1 layer)
37
primary sporogeneous cell forms
sporogeneous tissue
38
sporogenous tissue formed by the primary sporogeneous cell gives rise to ___
pollen mother cell or microspore mother cell
39
microspore mother cell performs __or___ to form microspores or pollen grains
meiosis
| microsporogenesis
40
name the site of dehiscence of sporangium
stromium
41
In ___ plant, due to the presence of ____, epidermis is known as exothecium
Areceuthobium
Fiberous thickening
42
Endothecium is found below
Epidermis
43
Outermost layer formed by primary parietal cell
Endothecium
44
Endothecium is ___ layered
Single
45
In endothecium, outer layer is ____
Thin
46
In endothecium, radial and inner wall are ____ due to presence of
Thick
| Fiberous alpha cellulose
47
On radial wall of cells of endothecium, deposition of ____ is present
Callose
48
Due to presence of fiberous thickening, endothecium is ___ in nature
Hygroscopic in nature
49
At the place of ___, there is no cellulose fibers and callose on walls of endothecium
Strontium
50
____ is place of dehiscence of sporangium
Stromium
51
Middle layer of wall of anther is present between
Endothecium and tapetum
52
Middle layer is ____ layered
1 to 3
53
Function of middle layer of anther
Used in nutrition of developing micro spores , with the help of tapetum
54
Middle layer is __ in nature
Parenchymatous
55
Middle layer is ___ lived
Short lived
56
In ___ anther, middle layer is absent
Mature
57
—— is innermost layer of sporangial wall
Tapetum
58
Tapetum is present just outer to ___
Sporogenesis tissue
59
Initially, tapetum is ____, but at maturity of anther, it becomes _____ due to ____ or ____
Diploid
Polyploid
Endomitosis or free nuclear division
60
Tapetum is aka
Nutritive tissue
61
Tapetum is ___ layeres
Single
62
Besides nutrition, tapetum also helps in (4)
Sporopollenin formation
Pollen kit formation
Secretion of enzymes and hormones
Helps in meiosis of microspore mother cell
63
At the time of ____, tapetum is absent in anther
Dehiscence
64
Tapetum is ___ in nature
Multifunctional
65
Name the 2 types of tapetum
Ameboid tapetum
| Glandular tapetum
66
Ameboid tapetum is present in ___ angiosperms
Primitive
67
In maximum angiosperms, ___ tapetum is present
Glandular
68
Example of organisms which ameboid tapetum
Typha
Alisma
Tradescantia
69
Example of organisms which have glandular tapetum
Capsella
70
Which is the invasive or periplasmodial tapetum
Ameboid
71
___ tapetum is short lived
Ameboid
72
Glandular tapetum is aka ____
Secretory tapetum
73
____ tapetum is long lived
Glandular
74
Read this 🐸
Ameboid tapetum absorbs all the food material from the middle layer and converts it into protoplast bodies
These bodies form periplasmodium or periplasmodial bodies and are transferred to sporangium to provide nutrition
75
Read this
In glandular type of tapetum there is no storage of food and the food absorbed from middle layer is transferred to sporangium directly
76
____ tapetum is long lived
Glandular
77
Before disintegration, tapetum forms
Proubisch body
78
After proubisch body is surrounded by sporopollenin, it is converted to __aka___
Ubisch body
| Orbicules
79
In microsporangium, ubisch body is deposited on ____
Exine
80
Sporopollenin is a complex biopolymer of ___
Carotenoids
81
Read this ⚓️🚀🚁
Sporopollenin is resistant to physical chemical and biological disintegration
82
Sporopollenin helps in
Fertilization of pollen grains
83
Pollen kit is formed by
Lipid and carotenoid
84
Pollen kit is ___ in nature and helps in attachment of pollen grains to insect body ie it is helpful in
Hydrophobic
| Insect pollination
85
What is microsporogenesis
In sporangium microspore mother cell, undergo meiosis and form microspore
86
Microspores are present on ___ form
Tetrad form (4 spore groups)
87
Tetrad May be __(5) shape
```
Tetrahedral
Isobilateral
Liner
Deccussate
T shape
```
88
In ____ plant, all the types of tetrad are present
Aristolochia elegans
89
Initially, all the microspores are attached with each other with the help of ____ . But at the time of pollination, microspores are separated by action of ___ enzyme which is secretes by ____
Callose
Callase
Tapetum
90
In dicots, meiosis two of microspore mother cell is ___ type
Simultaneous
91
In monocots, meiosis two of microspore mother cell is ___ type
Successive type
92
In dicotes, microspore are arranged in ___ shape
Tetrahedral tetrad
93
In monocots, microspores are arranged in ___ shape
Isobilateral tetrad
94
Deccussate arrangement of microspores is seen in
Magnolia
95
Linear arrangement of microspores is seen in
Halophila
96
T shape arrangement of microspores is seen in
Aristolochia
97
Pollen grain in ___ shape
Spherical
98
Diameter of pollen grain
25-50 micrometer
99
Pollen grain is surrounded by ___ layers namely
2
Exine
Intine
100
Describe intine of pollen grain
Soft
Thin
Elastic
101
Intine of pollen grain is made of
Cellulose
| Pectin
102
What is germ pore
At a few places on pollen grain, exine is absent or present in a thin layer these places are called germ pore
103
Intine comes out in the form of ___or___
Germ tube
| Pollen tube
104
Number of germ pores ,___,___ helps in ____
Shape of pores
Ornamentation
Taxonomy
105
In dicotes, pollen grains have 3 ___ chapped germ pore and it is called ____ condition
Circular or lens shaped
| Tricolpate
106
In monocots there is ___ germ pores present called ___ and it is ___ condition
Single
Germinal furrow
Monocolpate
107
Study of pollen grain is called
Palynology
108
Father of palynology
Erdtmann
109
Father of Indian palynology
P K Nair
110
Development of anther is ___ type
Eusporangiate type
| Development from a group of cells
111
___ is first cell of male gametophyte
Microspore
112
What is precocious or insitu germination
Germination of male gametophyte starts when microspores are present in microsporangium before dehiscence
113
Before pollination development of male gametophyte is ___ ie ____
Insitu
| At Mother place
114
The smaller nucleus in a mature pollen grain is ___ and is found ____ and the larger nucleus is called ___
Generative nucleus
Found near the wall of pollen grain
Vegetative nucleus
115
Vegetative nucleus is aka
Tube nucleus
116
Tube nucleus involves ___
Formation and growth of pollen tube
117
Unequal cytokinesis results in formation of large sized ___ cell aka ____ and smaller cell called ____ aka ___
Vegetative cell
Siphonogenous cell
Generative cell
Spermatogenous cell
118
In 60% angiosperms, pollination takes place at 2 celled stage and in remaining angiosperms it was takes place at ____ celled stage
3
119
Development of male gametophyte after in situ development takes place at
Stigma of gynoecium
120
How does the intine come into the style in the form of pollen tube
Pollen grain absorbs moisture and sugar substances and so the volume of the pollen grain increases
As a result the exine breaks and intine comes out in the form of pollen tube
121
In pollen tube, first, ____ cell enters which is at terminal positon and then ___ cell enters
Vegetative cell
| Generative cell
122
In pollen tube, ___ cell divides mitotically and forms two non Motile male gametes
Generative
123
Male gametophyte is ___ celled composed of ____
3
| I vegetative cells and 2 male gametes
124
Unit of female sex organ
Carpel
125
Carpel is aka
Megasporohyll
126
___ is receptive part of gynoecium
Stigma
127
Ovules are aka
Integumented megasporangium
128
Ovules are attached on
Placentas
129
Just read this 👩🏻💻💆🏻♀️
In capsella, ovary is bicarpellary, syncarpous, superior ovary, unilocular but becomes bilocular due to formation of false septum called
Replum
130
___ is main part of ovule
Nucellus
131
___ is region of ovule which lacks integument
Micropyle
132
___(2)+___= egg aparatus
Synergids
| Egg cell
133
In most of the cases, nucellus is utilized during development of embryo but in few cases it remains inside the ovule in the form of a thin layer called
Perisperm
134
Perisperm is found in
Black pepper
Ginger
Turmeric
Castor
135
___ is a type of third integument which is developed from funical
At the base of ovule
Aril
136
Aril example
Edible part of litchi
137
Arillodes are developed from ____ and grow downwards and cover ____
Tip of outer integument
| Cover entire ovule
138
Eg of arillodes
Pithicolobium
139
Sarcotesta is __\
Outer fleshy integument
140
Sarcotesta is found in____ family
Magnoliaceae family
141
Caruncle is aka
Strophiole
142
Just read this. It’s important.
Caruncle is formed by outgrowth of outer integument and covers micropyle eg.castor.
It contains sugary substances and help in germination and dispersal of seeds by ants known as myrmecochory
143
What is myrmecochory
Despersal of seeds by ants
144
___ is a unicellular thread like structure which develops from ____ and is present on testa. Such seed are known as ___ seeds
Coma
Outer integument
Camose
145
Egs of coma
Callotropis
| Cotton
146
Type of ovule on the basis of number of integuments
Unitegmic
Bitegmic
Ategmic
147
Type of ovule on the basis of amount of nucellus
Teninnucellate
| Crassinucleate
148
Type of ovule on the basis of relative position of micropyle, chalaza, funicle and shape of embryo
```
Orthotropus
Anatropus
Hemitropus
Amphitropus
Campylotropus
Circinotropus
```
149
Examples of unitegmic ovule
Gymnosperms
| Gamopetaleae of dicots
150
Examples of bitegmic ovule
Monocots
| Polypetaleae of monocots
151
Examples of ategmic ovary
Olax
Loranthus
Santalum
152
Examples of tenninnucellate ovary
Gamopetaleae
153
Examples of crassinucellate ovary
Polypetaleae of monocots
154
Orthotropus ovule is aka(3)
Atropus
Straight or upright ovule
Symmetrical ovule
155
____ is the simple and primitive type of ovule
Orthotropus
156
Orthotropus ovule is seen in
Gymnosperms
Betal
Polygonum
157
Anatropus is a __ ovule
Inverted
158
____ is a typical type of ovule
Anatropus
159
Ovule is placed at 180 degrees with funical in ____ ovule
Anatropus
160
___ ovule is found in maximum angiosperms and in peas but not in capsella
Anatropus
161
Hemitropus ovule is aka
Hemianatropus
| Horizontal ovule
162
Example of ovule which are hemitropus
Ranunculus
| Primula
163
In ___ ovule, embryo becomes horse shoe shaped
Amphitropus
164
Amphitropus ovule is ___ in structure
Double curved ovule
165
Amphitropus ovule is found in
Mimosa
Lemna
Alisma
Poppy
166
In which ovule, micropyle and chalaza are not in a straight line and micropyle is near the funicle
Campylotropus
167
Campylotropus ovule is found in
Bassicaeceae
Leguminaceae (except peas)
Capsella
168
In circinotropus ovule,
| Ovule is present at ____ with funicle
360 degrees
169
In____ ovule, funicle is elongated and covers ovule form each side
Circinotropus
170
Circinotropus ovule is found in
Cactaeceae family (opuntia)
