Sexual reproduction in humans

Question 1

Gametes are produced when…

Answer 1

Cells divide by meiosis

Question 2

Sperm is produced in the…

Answer 2

Testes

Question 3

Ova (eggs) are produced in the…

Answer 3

Ovaries

Question 4

Meiosis produces cells that are not…

Answer 4

Genetically identical

Question 5

Sperm and egg cells are not…

Answer 5

Clones to the organism they come from

Question 6

Sperm tail is called

Answer 6

Flagellum

Question 7

Purpose of flagellum

Answer 7

To move sperm through water

Question 8

Egg cells are released…

Answer 8

Monthly

Question 9

Women are born with…

Answer 9

All of their eggs

Question 10

Males produce sperm…

Answer 10

In puberty

Question 11

Sex cells are called…

Answer 11

Gametes

Question 12

Ovary is where…

Answer 12

Egg cells are formed by meiosis

Question 13

The ovary produces…

Answer 13

Hormones oestrogen and progesterone

Question 14

What happens in the oviduct

Answer 14

Egg cells travel down this to the uterus

Lined with cilia which move the cell

Question 15

What happens in the uterus

Answer 15

The foetus develops here

Thick muscular walls which contract during labour

Question 16

Embryos implant…

Answer 16

In the uterus lining

Question 17

What is the cervix

Answer 17

Narrow opening to the uterus. This dilates during labour

Question 18

What is the vagina

Answer 18

Muscular tube that leads from the cervix to the outside of the woman’s body

Question 19

What are the testes

Answer 19

Where sperm cells are formed by meiosis and produces the hormone testosterone

Question 20

What is the sperm duct

Answer 20

Tube transporting mature sperm

Question 21

What do the seminal vesicles and prostate gland do

Answer 21

Release liquids into the sperm duct which mixes with sperm to form semen.

Question 22

What does semen do

Answer 22

Provides nutrients to the sperm

Question 23

What is the urethra

Answer 23

Tube inside the penis which can transport either urine or semen

Question 24

External fertilisation e.g in fish

Takes place outside the body

Answer 24

Females release ova into the water. Sperm swim through water.

Question 25

Internal fertilisation

Answer 25

Male animals ejaculate their sperm into the females. Fertilisation is much more likely due to environment.

Question 26

A normal human body cell will have...

Answer 26

``` 46 chromosomes (23 pairs of homologous chromosomes) 23 from male and 23 from female ```

Question 27

Homologous chromosomes contain

Answer 27

The same genes

Question 28

The cell has two sets of chromosomes

Answer 28

Diploid cell

Question 29

Fertilisation is...

Answer 29

The fusion of haploid male and female gametes restoring the diploid number of chromosomes in the zygote

Question 30

First cell formed at fertilisation

Answer 30

Zygote

Question 31

Fertilisation is said to be...

Answer 31

Random

Question 32

Randomness causes...

Answer 32

Variation in the genetics of the new offspring

Question 33

Zygote goes to

Answer 33

Embryo goes to foetus

Question 34

What does the placenta do?

Answer 34

Secretes the hormone progesterone to keep the lining of the uterus thick and prevents the embryo from aborting. Anchors the embryo in the uterus Allows nutrients and oxygen to move from the mother to the embryo Allows metabolic wastes (CO2 and urea) to move from the embryo to the mother.

Question 35

The mother's blood does not mix with the embryo's blood because...

Answer 35

There is no physical connection between the circulatory systems

Question 36

Problems that would occur if the mother's circulatory system connected with the embryo.

Answer 36

Mother's blood is much higher pressure | Mother's blood has white blood cells that would see the foetal blood as foreign and attack it.

Question 37

Function of the menstrual cycle

Answer 37

To control the development of the lining of the uterus so that it will be thick and ready to receive a fertilised egg. If the egg is not fertilised, the lining of the uterus is shed. This is called a period.

Question 38

FSH

Answer 38

Secreted from pituitary gland

Question 39

Maturing follicle releases...

Answer 39

Oestrogen

Question 40

Oestrogen secreted from...

Answer 40

The ovary

Question 41

LH secreted from...

Answer 41

Pituitary gland and stimulates ovulation

Question 42

Progesterone secreted from...

Answer 42

The ovary

Question 43

Timing of events in menstrual cycle is controlled by...

Answer 43

Four hormones

Question 44

Corpus luteum is...

Answer 44

What is left of the follicle after ovulation

Question 45

Secondary sexual characteristics in boys

Answer 45

``` Armpit hair growth Voice break Shoulders broaden Sperm production begins Greater muscle development Growth and development of genitalia Possible mood swings and acne ```

Question 46

Secondary sexual characteristics in girls

Answer 46

Voice deepens but doesn't break | Men