Sexuality Flashcards
(111 cards)
1
Q
this begins at birth (sexuality, sexual maturation)
A
SEXUALITY begins at birth
2
Q
this begins at puberty (sexuality, sexual maturation)
A
SEXUAL MATURATION begins at puberty
3
Q
this is a human experience (sexuality, sexual health)
A
SEXUALITY is a human experience
4
Q
this is a state of well-being, related to sexuality
A
SEXUAL HEALTH is a state of well-being related to sexuality
5
Q
what term describes genital engorgement
A
VASOCONGESTION is genital engorgement
6
Q
what term describes a muscle spasm
A
MYOTONIA is a muscle spasm
7
Q
what term answers the question: “who am I?”
A
GENDER IDENTITY is who you are
8
Q
what term answers the question: “who am I attracted to”?
A
SEXUAL ORIENTATION is who you are attracted to
9
Q
what term describes painful intercourse
A
DYSPAREUNIA is painful intercourse
10
Q
The 5 P’s approach during sexual assessment
A
- partner
- practices
- prevention of pregnancy
- protection of STD’s
- past history of STD’s
11
Q
what is the PLISSIT model?
A
the most commonly used + effective model for the assessment + intervention for sexual problems (sexual assessment)
12
Q
what does PLISSIT stand for?
A
P - permission L - limited I - information S - specific S - suggestions I - intensive T - therapy
13
Q
what populations are high risk for developing/contracting an STI?
A
- women
- men with male sexual partners
- people younger than 25
- people living in correctional facilities
- sexual assault victims
14
Q
what is an STI
A
sexually transmitted infection
15
Q
what increases your risk for developing/contracting a STI?
A
- having new and/or multiple partners, present or previous
- more than 1 sexual partner
- sexual partner that has or has had multiple partners
- needle sharing for drug injection
- alcohol/drug dependence
- incorrect use of condoms/protection
16
Q
what are some other factors in developing/contracting an STI?
A
- not having had the available vaccines for any STIs
- already having an STI
- having HIV/AIDs
17
Q
what causes STIs?
A
- bacteria
- viruses
- protoza
18
Q
curable or treatable
A
bacteria = curable viruses = treatable protoza = curable
19
Q
how do you cure/treat these infections?
A
bacteria = antibiotics viruses = antivirals protoza = antifungals
20
Q
bacterial STIs
A
gonorrhea = neissera gonorrhea chlamydia = chlamydia trachomatis syphilis = treponema pallidum
21
Q
viral STIs
A
herpes I & II = herpes simplex virus HPV = human papilloma virus HIV = human immunodeficiency virus hepatitis B & C molluscum contagiosum
22
Q
protozan STIs
A
trichomoniasis = trichomonas vaginalis
23
Q
consent law regarding STIs + minors
A
CAAMPS C - contraceptive services A - adoption A - abortion M - medical for babies/child P - prenatal care S - STI services
24
Q
what STI requires reporting within 1 week
A
chlamydia
25
Chlamydia >> males
- painful urination (dysuria)
- urethral discharge >> clear in color
- urethral irritation/itch
- 50% are asymptomatic
26
Chlamydia >> females
- vaginal discharge
- irregular vaginal spotting
- painful sex
- abdominal pain
- asymptomatic
27
Chlamydia + testing
tissue culture: cervical/urethral = gold standard for testing/dx
****this is the only test admissible in court (rape cases)
28
NAAT: nucleic acid amplification test
swab OR urine sample
| if urine sample = first urine of the day is PREFERABLE, but not required
29
what complications can come from having chlamydia >> males
- epididymitis = inflammation of the epididymis
- infertility
- urinary complications
- Reiters syndrome (specific inflammatory response in the whole body)
30
what complications can come from having chlamydia >> females
- PID (pelvic inflammatory disease); if infection spreads to uterus + fallopian tubes
- tubal pregnancy
- infertility; if left untreated
31
how is Chlamydia treated?
-azithromycin - 1g PO dose, once (this is the only medication used if patient is pregnant)
OR
-doxycycline - 100mg, BID x7 days
32
when can the patient return to having sex?
***No sex for 7 days AFTER treatment is completed.
33
how long do you have before having to report gonorrhea?
1 week reporting required with gonorrhea
34
gonorrhea + symptoms
gonorrhea tends to have/show more symptoms than other STI's; the #1 symptom of gonorrhea is green, yellow, thick discharge
35
gonorrhea >> males: symptoms
- urethritis
- dysuria
- profuse + purulant discharge
- painful/swollen testies
- sometimes there are NO symptoms
36
gonorrhea >> females: symptoms
- asymptomatic or minor symptoms overlooked
- redness
- swelling at contact site (usually cervix/urethra)
- green/yellow discharge
- dysuria
- abdominal vaginal bleeding
- vaginal pain
- pelvic pain
37
gonorrhea >> males: complications
- epididymitis
- infertility
- urinary complications
- arthritis
38
gonorrhea >> females: complications
- PID
- pain
- infertility
- tubal pregnancy
39
gonorrhea treatment
```
cefriaxone (Rocephin): 250mg, IM
PLUS
azithromycin: 1G, PO
or
doxycycline, 100mg BID, x7 days
```
40
what medication is given to newborns as a precaution for gonorrhea exposure during vaginal delivery?
erythromycin
41
Trichomoniasis
curable STI, does not require reporting
42
trichomoniasis >> males: symptoms
burning w/ urination + slight discharge
43
trichomoniasis >> females: symptoms
frothy vaginal discharge, foul smell + genital itching + painful intercourse + dysuria
44
is trichomoniasis likely to cause any long term complications/effects?
NO, not known/likely to cause any complications/long term effects
45
how is trichomoniasis diagnoised?
vaginal discharge is observed under microscope OR via NAAT with urine sample
46
how does trichomoniasis look under a microscope?
looks like a huge sperm, large head with a long tail, moves/wiggles ALOT
47
trichomoniasis treatment
metronidazole: PO, 1 dose, 1-7 days
**DO NOT drink alcohol with this medication
>>>check for other STIs when trichomoniasis is present
48
Bacterial vaginosis
* *this is sexually facilitated NOT an STI
| * *men cannot have BV
49
Bacterial vaginosis symptoms
white/grey discharge w/ fishy odor, more noticeable right after sex
50
Bacterial vaginosis complications
- PID
| - preterm labor + birth
51
Bacterial vaginosis diagnosis
- saline wet mount (clue cells)
- whiff test
- pH, 4.5+
52
Bacterial vaginosis treatment
metronidazole: PO dosing, 1 or 7 days
clindamycin: PO
>>vaginal preparations - metron. gel + clinda cream
53
are the male partners treated for BV?
NO, the male partners do not need to be treated for BV, BV treatment in males has not proved effective
54
BV and douching
DO NOT DOUCHE, before during or after BV infection
55
what is PID
pelvic inflammatory disease
56
what causes PID
untreated pelvic/cervical infections; mainly gonorrhea + chlamydia
57
is PID always caused by STI?
NO, PID can be caused by other things
58
is PID reportable?
YES, PID has the highest need/requirement for reporting, because of its highest rate for infertility
59
PID symptoms
- pain
- bleeding with sex
- fever
- chills
- cramping
60
PID complications
- septic shock
- perihepatitis (inflammation of lining of liver)
- abscess
- peritonitis (inflammation of abd wall lining)
- embolism
- adhesions: structures in fallopian tubes
- 10-fold = increased risk for eptopic pregnancy
- infertility
61
PID clinical findings
abdominal, adnexal, cervical motion tenderness
62
PID treatment
STI screenings + outpatient treatment w/ antibiotics
63
PT teaching for PID
if PO antibiotics do not cure/fix symptoms, IV antibiotics at hospital will be necessary
* *PELVIC REST = must
* *NO SEX x3 weeks after symptoms subside
64
Genital Herpes: initial outbreak symptoms
- pain + itching @ virus entry site
- cluster + blisters that open/form painful sores
- open sores last 17-21 days
65
Genital Herpes: recurrent outbreak symptoms
- tingling + itching + burning BEFORE sores appear
- pain traveling down leg, BEFORE sores appear
- heals w/in 8-12 days
66
Genital Herpes: sores healing time
initial outbreak: 17-21 days
| recurrent outbreak: 8-12 days
67
Genital Herpes: complictions
- urinary retention
- emotional impact
- aseptic meningitis + lower motor neuron damage >> atonic bladder, impotence + constipation
68
what does lower motor neuron damage lead to?
ATONIC BLADDER: atonic/flaccid bladder - impotence; constipation
69
How is Genital Herpes diagnoised?
CULTURE: swab of lesion; break open sore + swab secretions = GOLD STANDARD dx
70
Does a blood test suffice for Genital Herpes dx?
NO! Blood tests only show there is a current/active infection, does not show where!
71
What does treatment for Genital Herpes look like?
Acyclovir - antiviral; given continuously or during active breakout!
* **this medication does NOT help with the pain
- lidocaine ointment is given to treat the pain
72
How soon can I have sex after a herpes outbreak?
NO sex for 7 days AFTER the sores/lesions have healed
73
what is HPV?
Human papilloma virus - genital warts
74
what is the most common STI?
HPV - genital warts
75
how is HPV transmitted?
vaginal, anal or oral sex with someone who has the virus; via direct skin/skin contact
76
what is the most common way HPV is transmitted?
most commonly spread via vaginal/anal sex; can be passed when person infected has ZERO symptoms
77
what is the incubation period for HPV?
3-4 months, average; but can be longer!
78
HPV symptoms
- warty, granular surface, painless, flesh colored growths
* *in genital/anal areas
- malodorous (foul smelling) vaginal discharge
- painful/burning urination
- pruritus (severe itching)
- bleeding during + after sex
79
how soon do symptoms occur after sex with infected person?
Symptoms can occur/develop YEARS after sex with an infected person, but this isn't what always happens
80
HPV treatment
***IN MOST CASES it goes away on its own + does not cause any problems; BUT if it does not go away on its own, it CAN lead to complications
81
do most people know about having HPV?
most people DO NOT know that they are infected/do not have any problems!
82
HPV complications
- genital cancers in men & women
* **cervical cancer is the MOST common; cancers of the vulva, penis, anus are possible
- if left untreated, can spread extensively
83
How do you test a persons having HPV?
there is no test to determine a persons status; verify a persons sexual hx, physical exam, HPV DNA test, pap smear, biopsy - PRN
84
HPV treatment
be sure to get the HPV vaccine; at ages 11 or 12 > 26 years old + get routine cervical cancer screens
****there is NO treatment for this virus, more treatment for the health issues related to/that it can cause
85
HPV treatment: medications used
- Podoflox 5% liquid gel
- Imiquamod 5% cream
- surgical removal
- podophylli laser
86
does Syphilis need to be reported?
YES!!!!
primary + secondary stage = report within 1 work day
tertiary = report within 1 week
87
Syphilis transmission
>>incubation = 10-90 days; 21 day average
- transmitted via DIRECT contact with chancre sore
- CAN be transmitted from mother to unborn baby
88
does Syphilis reoccur?
NO; but you can be reinfected after treatment/virus is resolved
89
Syphilis: primary stage symptoms
-1+ painless sore (chancre)
-appear at or around genitals or mouth
>>3-8 week duration
****HIGHLY CONTAGIOUS
90
Syphilis: secondary stage symptoms
-non itchy rash on trunk, soles + palms
-warts on genitals
-flu like symptoms
-patchy hairloss
>>1-2 year duration
***HIGHLY CONTAGIOUS
91
Syphilis: latent stage
- no noticeable symptoms
- duration through life
* *may or may not be contagious
92
Syphilis: Tertiary stage symptoms
-gummas (small bumps of dead tissues/fibers)
-systemic involvement
-can cause long term effects
>>duration: chronic + possible fatel
***NOT CONTAGIOUS
93
Syphilis complications
- can invade CNS/nervous system during ANY stage
* *neurosyphilis
* *occularsyphilis
94
Syphilis dx'd
- screening; if positive move onto confirmatory testing
- Screening: VDRL or RPR
- Confirmatory: MHA-TP or FTA-ABS
95
Syphilis treatment
Benzathine Penicillin G 2.4 million units; IM x1 dose
- repeat tests at 6 months + 12 months
- spinal tap at 1 year
96
Syphilis patient teachings
ABSTAIN from SEX w/ new partners until chancre sores have completely healed
***notify previous sex partners
97
what is HIV?
Human immunodeficiency virus
98
does HIV have to be reported?
YES! HIV must be reported:
within 1 week for NON acute infections
within 1 day for acute infections
99
how is HIV transmitted?
sexually and non-sexually
| **ALL STAGES ARE CONTAGIOUS
100
HIV symptoms: primary/initial stage
-flu like illness
| >>2-4 weeks after infection
101
HIV symptoms: asymptomatic infection
current infection with no symptoms
102
HIV symptomatic infection symptoms
- weight loss
- swollen glands
- nigh sweats
- memory loss
- fatigue
- depression
- fever
- chronic yeast infection
- dry cough
- diarrhea
103
HIV medications
medications can help prevent additional infection; does not cure
104
Hepatitis B + C reporting
Report Hepatitis B + C:
within 1 week
OR
1 day if perinatal or a child
105
Hepatitis B transmission
- vertical to neonate
- sexual contact
- injected drugs
* ***sharing toothbrushes, razors, needle sticks, exposure to infected blood
106
Hepatitis C transmission
- blood IV drug use
- vertical to neonate
- sexual transmission is low BUT pts seeking STI treatment should be screened
107
Hepatitis symptoms
- N/V
- fever
- fatigue
- abd pain
- clay colored stools
- jaundice
- pruritus
- joint pain
- dark urine
- loss of appetite
108
Hepatitis complications
- cirrhosis
| - liver cancer
109
HEP C treatment
interferon + ribavirin
| INTERRIB = HEP C
110
HEP B treatment
interferon + tenofovir + lamividine
| INTERTENOLAM = HEP B
111
Hepatitis teachings
-avoid all meds, OTC, unless prescribed by PCP
-NO alcohol
-rest
-small frequent meals; high carb, mod fat + protein
******AVOID sex until antibody teaching results
>>follow guidelines for transmission
