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MS FINALS TOPICS > SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASE (STD) > Flashcards

SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASE (STD) Flashcards

1
Q

Results from the infection of retroviruses that destroy the CD4+ lymphocytes and impair cell-mediated immunity (Cachay, 2022)

A

HIV INFECTION

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2
Q

Late stage of an HIV infection

A

AIDS (Aquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome)

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3
Q

HIV targets

A

CD4 T- lymphocytes

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4
Q

Normal CD4 count

A

500-1,500 cells/mm3

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5
Q

HIV binds with host cell

A

Binding

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6
Q

HIV fuses with host cells

A

Fusion

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7
Q

Inside host cell, HIV RNA is converted to DNA using reverse transcriptase

A

Reverse transcription

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8
Q

Integrase enzyme allows HIV DNA to be integrated into host DNA

A

Integration

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9
Q

HIV can produce long chains of HIV proteins which is used to build more HIV

A

Replication

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10
Q

HIV proteins and RNA move to host cell surface and are assemble into immature HIV

A

Assembly

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11
Q

Immature HIV is pushed out to the cell and proteases activate immature to mature infections HIV

A

Budding

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12
Q

Stages of HIV Infection

A

-Very early infection
-Acute HIV infection (Stage 1)
-Chronic HIV infection (Stage 2)
-AIDS (Stage 3)

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13
Q

A positive HIV test occuring within six months of a negative or indeterminate HIV test

A

Very early infection

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14
Q

Generally develops within 2 to 4 weeks after infection

A

Acute HIV

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15
Q

Flu like symptoms are common as a result of

A

Seroconversion

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16
Q

CD4 ≥ 500 cell/mm3

A

Acute HIV Infection (Stage 1)

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17
Q

Asymptomatic period/clinical latency

A

Chronic HIV Infection (Stage 2)

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18
Q

Virus continues to multiply at a very slow rate

A

Chronic HIV infection (Stage 2)

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19
Q

CD4 ≥ 200 cells/mm3 but <500 cells/mm

A

Chronic HIV Infection (Stage 2)

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20
Q

Immune system is severely damaged

A

AIDS (Stage 3)

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21
Q

Diagnosed if CD4 count is <200 cells/mm3 or if with opportunistic infection

A

AIDS (Stage 3)

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22
Q

Risk Factors of HIV

A

-Having multiple sexual partners
- MSM (Men having sex with men)
- IV drug use/sharing equipment for IV Drugs

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23
Q

HIV/AIDS Mode of transmission

A

-Anal sex is the riskiest (unprotected)
-Receptive partner has higher risk than insertive partner
-Vaginal sex, unprotected
-Perinatal transmission
-Sharing of infected needles/syringes

24
Q

Mode of transmission (rare)

A

-Oral sex
-Needle stick injuries
- Blood transfusion, organ transplants (1978-1985)
- Food contamination (infants only)
- Biting and spiting (in presence of broken skin)
- Deep, open-mouth kissing
- Tattoos and body peircings

25
Q

Taken daily to avoid risk of sexual HIV acquisition in adults and adolescents age 12 and older

A

PrEP (Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis)

26
Q

HIV is checked every

A

Every 3 months

27
Q

Diagnostics of HIV

Detects antibodies, not HIV itself

A

Antibody test

28
Q

Diagnostics test of HIV

Directly detect HIV

A

Antigen tests

29
Q

Diagnostic test of HIV

A

Also directly detect HIV

30
Q

Refers to the time between HIV exposure and when a test can detect in your body.

A

The window period for an HIV Test

31
Q

The window period of nucleic acid test (NAT)

A

10-33 days

32
Q

The window period of antigen/antibody lab test

A

18-45 days

33
Q

Rapid antigen/antibody test window period

A

18-90 days

34
Q

Antibody Test window period

A

23-90 days

35
Q

Clinical Manifestations (Acute)

A

-Fever
-Sore throat
-Night sweats
- Mouth Ulcers
- Chills
- Fatigue
- Rash
- Swollen lymph nodes
- Muscle ache

36
Q

Involuntary loss of more than 10% of one’s body weight while having experienced diarrhea or weakness and fever for more than 30 days

A

HIV Wasting Syndrome

37
Q

Caused by human herpesvirus

A

Kaposi Sarcoma

38
Q

Affects men 8x more than women

A

Kaposi Sarcoma

39
Q

Involves epithelial layer of blood and lymphatic vessels

A

Kaposi Sarcoma

40
Q

AIDS Defining Illnesses

A

-Tuberculosis
-Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia
-Recurrent pneumonia
-HIV encephalopathy

41
Q

A clinical syndrome that is characterized by a progressive decline in cognitive, behavioral, and motor functions as a direct result of HIV

A

HIV encephalopathy

42
Q

A clinical syndrome that is characterized by a progressive decline in cognitive, behavioral, and motor functions as a direct result of HIV

A

HIV encephalopathy

43
Q

Techniques to strengthen ART Adherence

A

-Use a multidisciplinary team approach
- Provide necessary resources
- Use positive reinforcements to foster adherence success
- Identify type and reason of non-adherence

44
Q

Nutritional Therapy

A

-Megestrol acetate (Megace)
- High calorie, high protein, low fat diet

45
Q

Appetite stimulant increases body weight by increasing fat stores in patients with HIV infection

A

Megestrol acetate (Megace)

46
Q

Supportive Care

A

-Provide assistance in obtaining or preparing food
-Provide meticulous skin care to prevent skin breakdown
-Administer pain medications, and non-pharmacologic pain management
- If with pulmonary manifestations, facilitate oxygen therapy, relaxation training and energy conservation techniques
-Offer emotional and psychological support

47
Q

Syphilis causative agent

A

Treponema pallidum

48
Q

Mode of transmission of syphilis

A

-Direct contact (Sexual)
-Congenital

49
Q

Diagnostics of Syphilis

A

-VDRL (Venereal Disease Research Laboratory)- screening test
-Treponemal test (Fluorsecent treponemal antibody absorption test [FTA-ABS]- confirmatory test

50
Q

Occurs 2 to 3 weeks after initial inoculation with CA

A

Primary syphilis

51
Q

Main characteristics of primary syphilis that manifest painless lesion at site of infection

A

Chancre

52
Q

Hematogenous spread of organism leads to generalized infection

A

Secondary syphilis

53
Q

Characteristics of Secondary Syphilis

A

-Macular rash (pink to brown) on palms or soles
-Mucous patches (oral lesions)
- Condyloma lata

54
Q

Characteristics of secondary syphilis that manifest a large, whitish-gray lesion found in moist areas

A

Condyloma lata

55
Q

Infected but asymptomatic

A

Latency

56
Q

Final stage in stages and manifestations in syphilis and natural history of disease slowly progressive inflammatory disease with potential to affect multiple organs

A

Tertiary syphilis

MS FINALS TOPICS (5 decks)

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