Sexually Transmitted Infections Flashcards
(23 cards)
What is the most common STI in the UK?
Chlamydia
Describe the aetiology of chlamydia infection
Bacterial STI caused by Chlamydia trachomatis
gram-negative cocci = pink gram stain
Describe the clinical features of chlamydia in women and men
- Women: cervicitis (bleeding, abnormal discharge) and dysuria
- Men: Urethral discharge, dysuria
- However, it is often asymptomatic in both men and women
How are STIs transmitted?
- Unprotected vaginal/anal/oral sex
- Sharing sex toys
- Direct skin-to-skin contact of the genitals
- Vertical transmission from mum to baby during delivery
EXCEPTIONS:
- Trichomonas is thought to be transmitted through vaginal sex, but not anal/oral sex
- Chlamydia and gonorrhoea can also be spread by infected semen/vaginal fluid getting into the eye
1) Describe the investigation of Chlamydia in women and men
2) Anyone presenting with symptoms suggestive of an STI should be offered…
1) Women: vulvovaginal swab is 1st line
Men: first catch urine sample is 1st line
Samples are sent for Nucleic Acid Amplification Test (NAAT) as chlamydia is too small to be seen via microscopy
2) A full STI screen
Describe the management of Chlamydia
- 1st line: DOXYCYCLINE (7 days)
- 2nd line: AZITHROMYCIN as a single dose (if doxycycline is contraindicated, e.g. pregnancy)
Give some examples of risk factors associated with sexually transmitted infections
- Age < 25
- Recent change in sexual partner
- Multiple sexual partners
- Non-barrier contraception (or lack of consistent use of barrier contraception)
Describe the aetiology of gonorrhoea
Bacterial STI caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae
gram-negative diplococci = pink gram stain
Describe the clinical features of gonorrhoea in women and men
- Women: cervicitis (bleeding, abnormal discharge) and dysuria
- Men: Urethral discharge, dysuria
- However, it is often asymptomatic in both men and women
Describe the management of gonorrhoea
CEFTRIAXONE 1g IM (single dose)
Chlamydia and gonorrhoea can cause complications in pregnant women… what are these?
- MAY increase the risk of premature delivery
- Infection can be vertically transmitted from mother to baby during delivery (which can cause infections such as chlamydial /gonococcal conjunctivitis in the neonate)
Describe the aetiology of trichomoniasis
Protozoal STI caused by Trichomonas vaginalis
Infection with Trichomonas is thought to increase the risk of contracting which other STI?
HIV
Describe the clinical features of trichomoniasis in women and men
Women:
- Offensive, frothy, yellow/green discharge
- “Strawberry cervix”
- pH > 4.5
Men:
- Usually asymptomatic but may cause urethral discharge/dysuria
Describe the management of trichomoniasis
METRONIDAZOLE, as either single dose/5-7 day course
Describe the aetiology of genital herpes
Viral STI caused by herpes simplex virus (HSV)
What are the different types of HSV and which parts of the body do they affect?
HSV 1 - genital herpes and cold sores
HSV 2 - genital herpes
Herpes can be spread to the genitalia via skin-to-skin genital contact, penetrative sex or oral sex with someone who suffers from cold sores. True or false?
True
Describe the management of genital herpes
ACICLOVIR
Describe the aetiology of genital warts
Viral STI caused by the human papilloma virus (HPV)
1) There are over …? types of the human papilloma virus (HPV)
2) Which types of HPV are responsible for most cases of genital warts?
1) 100
2) HPV 6 and HPV 11 are responsible for roughly 90% of cases of genital warts
Describe the management of genital warts
Topical treatments:
- PODOPHYLLOTOXIN
- IMIQUIMOD
Physical ablation:
- Surgical excision
- Cryotherapy
Which public health measure has helped to reduce the prevalence of genital warts?
HPV vaccine, which protects against both high risk serotypes for cervical cancer (HPV 16 and 18) and low risk serotypes (HPV 6 and 11)
