SF to LF Questions Flashcards
(250 cards)
1
Q
According to STP - What are the 3 Golden rules to follow when applying foam?
STP #1 - Flammable liquids and gases
A
- Do not begin to apply foam unless you have enough to extinguish the fire or cover the spill.
- Point branch away from the fire until good finished foam is being produced
- You cannot mix different foam concentrates
2
Q
According to STP - List 3 hazards/considerations when using CAFS at a structure fire
STP #1 - Flammable Liquids and Gases
A
- CAFS hose lines have a build up of pressure when the branch is closed, this causes a larger jet reaction than a standard hose
- Slug flow - When the proportion of foam, air and water is wrong, it will cause the finished foam to “shudder” or “pulsate” as it is exiting the branch.
- Does not contain enough water for internal attack
3
Q
According to STP - List 5 actions to take when combatting a natural gas leak with no fire involved.
STP #1 - Flammable Liquids and Gases
A
- Wear structural PPE and SCBA
- Evacuate all persons from the immediate area.
- Remove all sources of ignition
- Respond gas company
- Only use intrinsically safe equipment
4
Q
According to STP - Acetylene is a very volatile gas, exploding cylinders can penetrate double brick walls or metal freight containers & land 200m away. How many hours after the cylinder is removed from the fire or heat source, if it is not cooled, can this explosion occur?
STP #1 - Flammable Liquids and Gases
A
Explosion can occur up to 24 hours after if not cooled.
5
Q
According to STP - When reading a fire, we need indicators to base our decisions on, what are the most important indicators?
STP #13A - Residential Structure Fires - Fire Behaviour
A
B-SAHF
Building
Smoke
Air track
Heat
Flame
6
Q
According to STP - What techniques enable us to control the interior environment during a structure fire?
STP #8 - Firefighting Operations - Operational Entry
A
Gas Cooling and Hose Stream techniques
- Short pulse
- Long pulse
- Direct attack
- Indirect attack
7
Q
According to STP - List 2 common hose laying techniques that can be used by firefighters?
STP #9C - Hose handling, branches and Portable Ladders
A
- S lay
- Cleveland load
8
Q
Complete the following in relation to the Fire and Rescue NSW Act 1989 Part 3, Division 1, Section 11 Brigades to proceed with speed to suspected fires or hazardous material incident………?
A
(1) when there is an alarm of fire, a fire brigade must, despite anything to the contrary in any Act, proceed with all speed to the fire and try by all possible means to extinguish it and save any lives and property that are in danger
(2) When there is a report of a hazardous material incident, a fire brigade must, despite anything to contrary in ant Act -
(a) proceed with all speed to the site of the incident, and
(b) try by all possible means to render the site of the incident safe and save any lives and property that are in danger.
9
Q
Complete the following in relation to the Fire and Rescue NSW Act 1989 Part 3, Division 1, Section 12 of the FRNSW Act, Investigation of reported fires and Hazardous material incident………?
A
(1) The officer in charge may, with or without members of a fire brigade, enter any place -
(a) in respect of which an alarm of fire is raised to ascertain whether there is a fire at the place, or
(b) in respect of which a report of hazardous material incident has been made to ascertain whether there is any hazardous material at the place that as , or is about to be, the subject of a hazardous material incident.
(2) Reasonable force, whether by breaking down gates or fences or breaking open doors or otherwise, may be used to gain entry
10
Q
Section 13, of the FRNSW Act states the “General Powers of Officers at fires and hazardous material incidents”. State this provision.
A
(1) At a fire, the officer in charge—
(a) may take such measures as the officer thinks proper for the protection and saving of life and property and for the control and extinguishing of the fire, and
(b) is to control and direct the operations of any fire brigade.
(1A) At the site of a hazardous material incident, the officer in charge—
(a) may take such measures as the officer thinks proper for the protection and saving of life and property, for confining and ending the incident and for rendering the site safe, and
(b) is to control and direct the operations of any fire brigade.
The site is taken to be such area in the vicinity of the incident as is for the time being determined by the officer in charge.
(2) If the fire is a bush fire (including a grass fire), the officer in charge is, as far as practicable, to carry into effect any plan of operations in force under section 52 of the Rural Fires Act 1997 in relation to the place where the fire occurs.
11
Q
Section 19 of the FRNSW Act lists the powers at fires and hazardous material incidents. State the provisions of this Section: “General power to remove persons or obstacles.”
A
The officer in charge at a fire or hazardous material incident may cause to be removed any person, vehicle, vessel or thing the presence of whom or which at or near a fire or hazardous material incident might, in the officer’s opinion, interfere with the work of any fire brigade or the exercise of any of the officer’s functions.
12
Q
At an incident that has been declared a crime scene, a member of the public seeks details from you, the senior firefighter/officer on duty, about the incident. State your response according to the Fire Brigades Regulation (2014) Clause 22, Disclosure of information.
A
A firefighter must not disclose any information obtained in the firefighter’s capacity as a firefighter unless the disclosure is made:
(a) in the exercise of the firefighter’s functions, or
(b) about factual matters that are generally available to the public, or,
(c) by an approved firefighter to media representatives concerning operations at a fire or other incident, or
(d) at the direction or with the permission of the Commissioner, or
(e) with other lawful excuse
13
Q
Section 17 of the Fire Brigades Regulation (2014) refers to unacceptable behaviour. List five circumstances when a firefighter’s behaviour would be deemed unacceptable.
A
(1) A firefighter must not:
(a) come on duty while under the influence of alcohol or a drug, or
(b) while on duty, consume, use or possess any alcohol or drug, or
(c) while on duty, gamble in circumstances that adversely affect the discipline or efficiency of Fire and Rescue NSW, or
(d) smoke at a fire or drill, in any departmental premises or in any departmental vehicle, or
(e) smoke in any public place while in uniform, or
(f) while off duty, enter or remain on departmental premises without authority, or
(g) while on or off duty, by words or action, behave in a manner that is subversive of discipline or calculated to bring discredit on Fire and Rescue NSW, or
(h) while on duty, by words or action, harass, intimidate or threaten another firefighter, or
(i) while on duty, by words or action, harass or discriminate against any person on the grounds of sex, marital status, pregnancy, age, ethnic or national origin, physical or intellectual impairment, sexual preference, transgender status, carer’s responsibilities or any other ground in respect of which discrimination is prohibited by the Anti-Discrimination Act 1977.
(2) The officer in charge of any departmental premises must refuse to permit a firefighter to come on duty if of the opinion that the firefighter is under the influence of alcohol or a drug to the extent that the firefighter is unable to exercise the functions of a firefighter.
(3) In this clause:
drug has the same meaning as in the Road Transport Act 2013 (paragraph (a) of the definition of drug in section 4 (1) of that Act excepted).
14
Q
As stated in the Standing Orders, to avoid serious accidents at intersections when responding to an emergency, What actions should drivers of responding vehicles approaching a stop sign or red signal take?
Standing Orders - Proceeding through traffic signals and stop signs - P2
A
Slow down and enter the intersection at a speed of not more than 8 kph.
15
Q
According to Standing Orders, when are seatbelts required to be worn when travelling in FRNSW vehicles (including tankers)?
Standing Orders - Seat Belts - P38
A
At all times
16
Q
According to Standing Orders, with no impact of the service delivery, List the procedures to be followed if drivers of FRNSW vehicles are involved in an accident.
Standings Orders - Reporting Accidents…. P45
A
- Station Commanders and supervisors must complete an “Agency member motor vehicle claim form” and submit to their duty commander or manager with a covering memo explaining how the accident occurred.
- Forward to Fleet Management Unit aswell.
- Submit a NIIEMS if an injury, illness, exposure or near miss occurred.
17
Q
Fire Brigades Regulation, Part 3, Section 14: Firefighters to acquire and maintain knowledge of legislation, orders, and functions. List the provisions.
A
(1) A firefighter must acquire and maintain a thorough knowledge of, and must comply with the requirements of, the Act, this Regulation and the Commissioner’s Orders.
(2) A firefighter must acquire and maintain the knowledge and skills that are relevant to the performance of the firefighter’s functions
18
Q
According to STP -The National Construction Code classes buildings “Class 1” through to “Class 10”. The class of building is a measure of the buildings likely: List these four points.
A
- Use
- Fire load
- Population
- Mobility of the occupants, such as whether they are sleeping or alert.
19
Q
According to the Fire Investigation toolkit on the Intranet, when should you request FIRU for assistance?
A
- There has been a loss of life at a fire, or a person is not expected to live from their injuries
- The fire is considered major (i.e. 4th alarm or above, significant community impact or unusual fire behaviour)
- The origin and cause of the fire is not apparent.
20
Q
As listed in STP - What form populated by firefighters gives the Fire Investigator a summary of firefighter actions at an incident.
STP #12 - Fire Safety and Fire Investigation
A
SOFA form - Summary of Observations and Firefighter Actions Report
21
Q
STP - Details how a structure fire will burn within one of two burning regimes. List
and describe the regimes.
STP # 13 - Fire Behaviour
A
Fuel controlled and ventilation controlled.
Fuel controlled fires develop in the initial phase of a fire, as a direct function of the fuel itself with little or no influence from the compartment environment i.e. the size, shape or number of openinings. If we continue to add fuel, the fire will grow in size. If we remove fuel, it will decrease.
Most structure fires will reach a stage where fire development and the Heat Release rate is now dictated by the avilability of oxygen.
This occurs during a fully developed fire when the fire is pyrolyzing more fuel than can be burnt with the available oxygen in the compartment.
It will also occur prior to this if the enclosure has insufficient openings.
Simply put, fire growth is limited by the available air supply.
22
Q
STP - Identifies the search priority in multi storey buildings, list the priorities.
STP # 19 - High Rise
A
Search priority starts at the fire floor, then the floor above, and then the top floor as this is where the smoke will rise to if it can. Always check the roof for evacuees.
23
Q
STP - Outlines when a working at a task/tactical level and a firefighter becomes
trapped, injured missing or overdue. What message should be sent to draw attention
to the situation?
STP # 14B - Search and Rescue during Firefighting Operations
A
A mayday message.
24
Q
According to STP - When is an Incident Management System required to be used at
incidents FRNSW attends?
STP # 16A - Incident Management
A
Whenever FRNSW attends an incident.
25
According to STP -There are eight strategic functions of command the Incident
Commander needs to address. List all eight.
| STP # 16A - Incident Management
- Deployment
- Command
- Situation Evaluation
- Incident action planning
- Incident communications
- Incident structure
- Review and revision
- Escalation and de-escalation
26
According to STP - At every incident there must be a steady, adequate, and timely
stream of resources. Who is the only person to deploy resources at an incident?
| STP # 16A - Incident Management
The Incident Commander
27
A driver in a road tunnel noticed smoke coming from the engine compartment of their car and immediately pulled into the emergency break down bay and called 000.
The Tunnel Control Centre closed the tunnel allowing attending fire crews access to extinguish the fire. Peak hour traffic is starting to build at the entrance to the tunnel and thick smoke is throughout. List the Smoke Management Systems found in road tunnels that could assist in clearing the smoke?
| SOG 6.6 - Road Tunnel Incidents - 3.3 Ventilation
- Longitudinal ventilation (jet fans)
- Ducted ventilation
- Natural ventilation
- A combination of above
28
According to SOGs -As an incident develops and crews become fatigued, they will need to be rested. Name and Describe the two ways crews can be rested.
| Guideline Support Document for SOG 1, Incident Management
**Recycle** - Crews stop work for a short period just outside the "Hot Zone" to rest, rehydrate and replenish air cylinders if relevant. They remain accountable to IC or Sector, Group or Division Commander.
**Full Rehabilitation** - Crew is released and moves to the rehab area. Once there, they are accountable to a Rehab Officer.
29
According to SOGs - List and describe the three incident phases.
| Guideline Support Document for SOG 1, Incident Management
**Life at risk phase** - Where there are savable human lives. The incident is uncontrolled and requires rapid actions to control the risk to life.
**Expanding phase** - Where the incident is uncontrolled and likely to expand. It requires rapid actions to control risks to life and property.
**Contained phase** - There are sufficient resources to contain the incident within the defined area. There is no life at risk, or life or property have already been lost.
30
According to Standing Orders who are the people authorised to ride on FRNSW
appliances?
| Standing Orders - Riding on FRNSW appliances
- Firefighters in the course of their duty
- Employees of FRNSW whose duty requires their attendance at an emergency
- Members of other emergency services at the discretion of the member in charge
- Other persons authorised by the commissioner
31
Deleted
Deleted
32
According to STP - List and describe three ways foam controls and extinguishes fire.
| STP # 1 - Specials, Flammable Liquids and Gases
- Starves the fire supply of oxygen
- Smothers flammables vapours to stop them from igniting
* Cools the surface temperature to prevent re-ignition
33
According to STP - What are the characteristics of liquid petroleum gas?
| STP # 1 - Specials, Flammable Liquids and Gases
* Colourless
* Odourless
* Heavier than air
34
According to STP - What is the term used when a liquid within a container reaches a temperature well above its boiling temperature, boils, expands and the container fails sending flammable gas outwards where it ignites.
| STP # 1 - Specials, Flammable Liquids and Gases
BLEVE (Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapour Explosion)
35
According to STP - What can be used to conduct a thermal check of an acetylene cylinder.
| STP # 1 - Specials, Flammable Liquids and Gases
* TIC (Thermal Imaging Camera)
* Infrared Thermometer
* Wetting test
36
Expand the Acronym - SISIACMR
| SOG 10.1 - Guidelines for all HAZMAT incidents
**S** - Safe Approach
**I** - Incident Control
**S** - Scene Security
**I** - Identify Hazardous Material
**A** - Assess potential harm
**C** - Call in resources
**M** - Monitor information
**R** - Render safe and decontaminate
37
According to STP - What is the most suitable extinguishing agent for rubber fires?
| STP # 2 - Specials, Rubber and Plastics
Water
38
According to STP - There are several stages of Lithium-Ion battery failure list and describe the stages.
| STP # 2
**Stage 1** - Abuse factor (battery abuse by thermal, electrical or mechanical abuse)
**Stage 2** - Off-gas generation (occurs regardless of cell form-factor)
**Stage 3** - Smoke generation (catastrophic failure is imminent)
**Stage 4** - Fire generation (Likelihood of propogation drastically increases)
39
According to the Workplace Safety toolkit on the intranet, what should you complete when a work-related injury, near miss, exposure or illness occurs and in what timeframe after the occurrence should it be submitted?
A NIIENM form within 24 hours
40
According to the toolkit on the intranet - If you are unable to submit or fill out a NIIENM who else can submit one for you?
Their supervisor or co-worker
41
In New South Wales, Emergency Services carry out land-based rescues under what Act?
SERM Act (State Emergency and Rescue Management)
42
As stated in the SERM Act,1989 who is responsible for coordinating rescue operations and for determining the priorities of action to be taken in rescue operations?
| STP # 29A - Participate in a rescue operation safely
Senior member of the police force present at the scene
43
According to STP - FRNSW uses the YOU principle to establish priorities of safety at a rescue incident. What are these priorities of safety?
| STP # 29A - Participate in a rescue operation safely
**Y**ourself and other rescuers
**O**ther persons not involved
**U**nfortunate persons involved
44
According to STP - What is the correct PPC and procedure for fire protection at an MVA?
| STP # 29A - Participate in a rescue operation safely
* One firefighter to wear full structural turnout PPC and SCBA
* A manned line of 38mm hose charged to 400kPa, pump with recirc valve open
* If a fire occurs, charge to 800kPa at the pump to achieve 700kPa at the branch
45
According to STP - What environments should SCBA be worn in?
| STP # 22 - SCBA
**H**eated or extremely low temperatures
**O**xygen deficient or enriched environment
**T**oxic atmospheres
**S**moke
46
Owners and occupiers of premises can deposit keys at their nearest fire station so that firefighters can gain access without causing unnecessary damage. Located in the Forms filing cabinet on the intranet, name the two forms that need to be completed when receiving keys to private premises.
* Keys to private premises form
* Key deposit form
47
As stated in the Health, Fitness and Wellbeing Toolkit- What is it a mandatory requirement to complete prior to undertaking the annual Fitness Drill?
**PARQ** (Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire)
48
According to Operations Bulletin 2020-04 - Failure to report damage. When an appliance is found to have unreported damage, the Fleet Operations Officer or Regional Maintenance Officer will notify the Station, Duty, and Zone Commander in writing. The responsible station must submit what form within 8 days?
Agency Member Motor Vehicle Claim Form
49
According to the Fire ePermit policy, a fire permit issued within the ‘Bush Fire Danger’ period will be valid for a period of how many days from the date of issue?
7 days
50
According to the Fire ePermit policy, what aspect of the planned fire does the permit take into account.
Safety aspect
51
According to STP - Where should Warden Intercom Points be in a building?
| STP # 18 - Fire Detection and Suppression Systems Part 3 of 3
- At EICIE (Emergency intercom control and indicating equipment)
- Within 4m of the exit within each emergency zone
- Within 4m of exit on each storey
- Within emergency lift shafts
- Adjacent to FDCIE (fire detection control and indicating equipment) if remote from EICIE
52
According to STP - Name the components in an AS 2118.1 sprinkler alarm valve room.
| STP # 18 - Fire Detection and Suppression Systems Part 2 of 3
- Main stop valve
- Test drain
- Sprinkler test facility
- Sprinkler alarm valve
- System pressure gauge
- Deluge valve
- Water supply with pressure gauge
53
According to STP there are two control measures when dealing with live power at an incident. List and describe them.
| STP # 32 - Electricity and fires involving electrical hazards
Turning off power - involves turning off the main switch, removing fuses and switching off circuit breakers at the switchboard.
Isolating power - involves the energy authority disconnecting power from the network
54
According to STP - Firefighters can ‘turn off’ a solar power system to stop electricity feeding into the structure’s circuits or back to the electricity network if configured to do so. State the recommended procedure.
| STP # 32 - Electricity and fires involving electrical hazards
- Onsite consultation
- Assume switchboard is live
- Follow the shutdown procedure
- Consider if benefits outweigh risks
- Isolate the power
55
According to STP - When a battery energy storage system is present at a residence, there should be an indicator to alert you to this. What is an example of an indicator, located outside the switchboard.
| STP # 32 - Electricity and fires involving electrical hazards
An Energy Storage sticker
56
Operations Bulletin 2023-01- Lists operational actions to follow when dealing with Lithium-ion battery failure in small devices. List these actions.
(If device is connected to mains electricity, ensure electricity is switched off before applying water)
- Knock down any fire using copious amounts of water
- Cool the battery with a cooling stream of water
- Submerge the device in a suitable container of water if safe to do so. Use a tool such as a long handled shovel to move the device
- If unable to submerge, continue cooling and conduct thermal checks every 15 minutes until ambient temperature is maintained for 60 minutes.
- Ensure that all cells are accounted for by searching the area around the device. Failure to account for all cells may lead to a secondary fire event
- Notify FireComm who will send a notification to FIRU
57
According to STP - If solar panels, or the attached isolators, are on fire, in addition to the considerations with turning off an alternative power source what actions should firefighters take?
| STP # 32 - Electricity and fires involving electrical hazards
- Conduct firefighting from the ground or an aerial appliance. Do not get onto the roof to extinguish the fire. Do not put a ladder against the roof as the gutter may be electrified
- Extinguish the fire with a spray nozzle, using a pulse spray in a dispersed pattern
- If the solar panel is at ground level, consider using CO2 to extinguish the fire, ensuring there is at least 250mm air gap between the extinguished nozzle and any electrified components.
58
According to ADASHI First Responder Fact sheets - If you are the first arriving crew, you must send an initial radio report as well as pressing Code 3 on your MDT. FireCOM needs this information for what reasons?
## Footnote
Removed
59
According to STP - Overhaul is a procedure we follow after we attend an incident and extinguish the fire. For your safety during overhaul what is it essential for you to do?
| STP # 15 - Residential Structure Fires - Salvage and Overhaul.
- Wear SCBA and a fullset of firefighting clothing
- Perform atmospheric monitoring using a gas detector
60
According to STP - What is the minimum PPE that can be worn at a bush fire?
| STP # 23 - Bushfire
## Footnote
Removed
Level 2 PPE
- Multipurpose helmet
- Goggles
- GP gloves
- Firefighting gloves (direct attack)
- Duty wear trousers
- FF boots
- P2 mask
61
According to STP - Property protection is the act of protecting property from the impact of a wildfire. At a major wildfire, FRNSW crews generally engage in property protection roles. We generally have 3 strategies for carrying out property protection. Name and describe them.
| STP # 23 - Bushfire
Line defence - is used when conditions would normally allow an offensive attack (eg the fire is not intense, weather conditions are favourable), but there are not enough resources to mount an offensive attack in time. It involves preventing the approaching line of fire from closely approaching the property.
Ember defence - is used when the approaching fire is too intense to be suppressed offensively and is producing significant embers. Firefighters operate from safe positions and extinguish small spot fires as they occur.
Backstop defence - used when there is no safe defensible space around buildings; the approaching fire is so intense that firefighters cannot safely protect the buildings. Firefighters withdraw temporarily a short distance away to suitable safe refuges,
with the intention of coming back after the fire passes.
62
Operations Bulletin 2023-01- Lists the hazards and risks at incidents involving Lithium-ion batteries in small devices. List all as stated in the bulletin.
- Thermal runaway - Anyone in close proximity to a battery in thermal runaway may be injured.
- Extreme fire behaviour - Firefighters entering the compartment may be exposed to a vapour cloud exposion when an airpath is created.
- Release of toxic vapour and gases - Firefighters may inhale vapour or gas if not fully protected by PPE.
- Hazardous materials and leaked electrolytes - Firefighters may be injured by ignition of the electrolyte. Firefighters may suffer skin irritation and respiratory illness if not protected by PPE.
- Stranded energy - There is the risk to firefighters of electric shock from Direct Current (DC), Alternating Current (AC), or energised conductive material in contact with the battery.
- Projectiles - Firefighters may be hit and injured by a projectile.
- Secondary ignition - A secondary ignition is a fire occurring as a result of a second thermal runaway event (not directly related to the initial event). This second event has the same risks as the initial event.
63
As described in STP - When conducting ventilation using a fan, what is the most effective inlet/outlet ratio?
| STP # 20 - Tactical Ventilation
1:4 (outlet 4x larger than the inlet)
64
According to SOGs - When an LPG container is involved in fire, what area of the container is considered most crucial and a high priority area for cooling?
| SOG 10.10 LPG
The vapour space (area above liquid)
65
As recommended in STP - When conducting ventilation with a fan, the fan should be set back approximately how far from the door.
| STP # 20 - Tactical Ventilation
Approximately the height of the door.
66
According to Work Instruction- “Bagging contaminated gear” What equipment is required for bagging contaminated gear (not PPC) at an incident to minimise the risk presented by hazardous contaminants during storage or transport?
The appropriate bag:
- Asbestos bag where is asbestos is a suspected contaminant
- Yellow clinical waste bag for waste produced from providing first aid
- Clear contaminated bag for other contaminants including smoke
Cable ties or strong tape
A contaminated equipment tag to attach to the bag with relevant details.
67
You are responded to a bushfire with four Fire Rescue NSW pumpers two RFS tankers and one inspector, according to SOGs what class is the fire?
Class 1
68
According to the guideline support document for electricity SOGs - Electrical transformers in high density areas of cities maybe situated in underground vaults, if a fire occurs in one of these vaults, CO2 can be injected via a wall mounted or footpath CO2 connection box. What does the number on the connection box indicate?
The number of CO2 cylinders to be injected
69
According to the guideline support document for electricity SOGs - What factors affect voltage gradient at wires down?
- composition of the ground
- moisture content
- voltage of the electrical source
70
According to the guideline support document for electricity SOGs - Conductors allow electricity to easily pass through them. List five conductors.
- metals
- human body
- timber and trees
- flame and dense smoke
- tyres
- water
71
According to the guideline support document for electricity SOGs - Name four measures to control the risks associated with electricity.
- stay away from the hazard
- Assess the risk from atleast 8m away
- Establish an exclusion zone
- Have electricity company isolate the power
When leaving incident, conduct handover
72
As listed on the SIMS Worksheet: Electrical safety kit - State the inventory stored in the green canvas bag of the electrical safety kit.
- insulating gloves
- leather over gloves
- noncontact voltage detector
73
According to Recommended practice - When using the gloves from the electrical safety kit, what is the correct donning sequence?
| RP - Wearing Uniforms and PPE
- put on electrical gloves first
- put leather over gloves on over the electrical gloves
- the cuff off the electrical glove must extend beyond the cuff of the over glove
- the cuff off the electrical glove must be above the cuffs and sleeves of your ppc
74
According to SOGs - FRNSW has an interagency notification policy, list the reasons NSW Police are required to be notified.
| SOG 1.15
- for possible terrorist incident
- Crime investigation
- Site, crowd, traffic and evacuation management
- Rescue incidents
75
You are responded to fire in a Correctional facility, centre or complex operated by government agencies or private contractors. As stated in FRNSW SOGs on arrival what actions should be taken?
- identify and liaise with the Emergency Coordinator
- While waiting to enter, start developing the IAP by accessing information e.g. PIPs, SOGs etc
- Where entry to the facility is delayed, nominate a staging area and advise FireCOM to inform responding resources. Remain in the staging area until met by the Emergency Coordinator. Notify FireComm if entry is delayed.
- Always remain outside the facility on standby, if it is unsafe to enter.
- At the main entry, access the Red Fire Emergency Plan Box containing the FRNSW PIPs, Safety Data Sheets, site plans and Local Emergency Plans and brief the crew about the facility
- Prepare the appliance and secure equipment before entering the facility. List all equipment to be taken in.
76
According to the Preventing and Managing Unreasonable Behaviour and Bullying Policy, what is the definition of workplace bullying?
Workplace bullying is repeated, and unreasonable behaviour directed towards a worker or group of workers that creates a risk to health and safety
77
Under NSW legislation, Rescues involving fire or hazardous materials are carried out under what Act.
## Footnote
Removed
Fire and Rescue NSW Act 1989
78
According to the ‘Firefighter’ role description found on the Intranet, list 5 Duties/Accountabilities required in this role.
- Contribute to the stations community prevention, risk reduction planning and engagement programs and activities
- Attend fire and other emergency incidents providing expert knowledge and assistance commensurate with rank
- Contribute to the Stations operational readiness, including the maintenance of appliances, tools and equipment.
- Assist with investigations into the cause of fires
- Undertake station duties including completion of records, reports, correspondence and returns to facilitate the general running of the station.
79
According to STP - What guidelines should be followed when tasking crews at a residential structure fire?
As a general rule, in the absence of visible victims or in situations where victim location is unknown, the first arriving crew will be tasked with Fire Attack. It is critical to get water on the fire as quickly as possible to gain Fire Control and stop conditions from worsening.
Subsequent available crews will be tasked with conducting search and rescue.
80
According to STP -What is recommended configuration for relay pumping operation?
Base pump
Relay pump
Fireground pump
81
According to STP – ‘Fire Safety and Investigation’ there are four classifications of cause. Name and describe them.
Accidental - Fire which starts accidentally from human activity or influence.
Incendiary - Fire which starts from deliberate and intentional human act.
Natural - Fire which starts by a natural act without any human influence.
Undetermined - Fire where the cause is undetermined.
82
Whilst participating in a community event at the local oval an armed offender attack occurs. According to SOGs, what actions should you take?
**Escape** - remove yourself and others from close proximity to the offender. If safe to do so, snatch and grab as many casualties as possible.
**Hide** - If unsafe to escape, shelter in place. Mute all communications equipment. Constantly reassess the situation
**Tell** - Pass info onto FireCOM or the Police, but not at the risk to yourself or other.
83
According to SOGs - There are many duties of the BA Control Operator, list five.
- Establish BA control
- Check and enter all details on the BA Control Board
- Calculate and monitor entry and exit times
- Monitor all radio comms within the sector
- When exit time is reached, immediately contact the individual wearer or BA team leader. If unable to contact, notify their commander. Activate RIT immediately when required and notify the IC.
84
According to Firefighters Training Manual - The numbers relayed back from FireCOM for the Hazmat Action Guide (HAG) sheet are used to determine PPE, form, hazards, effect with water, action, firefighting, and personnel decontamination. TX at the end of the transmission means there is text. What does the text usually refer to?
Additional Personal Protection
85
According to SOGs - What can P2 particle masks be used to protect against?
- Known low concentrations of inert dust, such as those produced when cutting metal or wood
- Concrete, stone and masonry cutting operations when the work piece can be kept wet
- The particles, but not the gases such as CO, in bushfire smoke
- Contamination by bodily fluids
86
According to SOGs - At any incident, the Incident Commander will consider the incident phase and the risk that may be accepted. Describe the life at risk phase.
There are savable human lives. Incident is uncontrolled and requires rapid actions to control risks to lives. A higher level of risk may be acceptable.
87
According to Firefighters Training Manual -You attend a house fire at 2am and on arrival notice a small amount of smoke issuing from the ground level of a 2-storey residence. Two cars are parked in the driveway. What three principles should you keep in mind when forcing entry?
- enter without undue delay
- enter with the minimum of structural damage
- enter so as to provide access to as much of the building as possible
88
According to SOGs -You respond to a building fire and the contaminated run-off/pollutant is impacting a canal that runs into a creek. Which agencies are you required to notify?
EPA and RMS
89
According to SOGs -You are relieving at a regional station, and you conduct an Incident Management drill for Retained (On Call) Firefighters. You state incident management involves strategic functions that must be addressed in order to safely and effectively manage and resolve an incident. Name the strategic functions.
## Footnote
Removed
- Deployment
- Command
- Situation evaluation
- Incident action planning
- Incident communications
- Incident structure
- Review and revision
- Escalation and de-escalation
90
According to SOGs - What are the three basic principles for communication at incidents?
- To use the principles of ICS and ensure an effective span of control
- To establish a flow of information at all levels of the incident, without overwhelming the IC or ComCen with superfluous data; and
- to ensure the safety of firefighters by using effective communication
91
According to SOGs - You inspect the hydrant and booster system at a large industrial complex, and you notice the booster system has no main wheel valve and no pillar supply hydrants. What does this tell you about the hydrant system?
## Footnote
Removed
It is an Ordnance 70 system
92
According to SOGs - Emergency Response Teams have varying levels of skills, equipment, and training. Depending on the hazards involved, the IC must determine, from Pre-Incident Planning and discussion with the Emergency Response Team Leader, their role at an incident. Name three activities Emergency Response Team can participate in.
- Providing specialist advice to the IC relating to hazards, industrial processes and installed fire system
- Operation of valves and other industrial processes
- Fire attack under the control of FRNSW officers
93
SOGs describe how to de-escalate an incident. What is de-escalation?
The scaling back of FRNSW involvement at an incident.
94
According to SOGs - The Emergency Control Organisation may consist of people identified by coloured helmets, hats, caps, vests, or tabards. Name the members and the identifying colour.
White - chief warden, deputy chief warden, communications officer
Yellow - Floor wardens, area wardens
Red - Wardens
White cross on green background - First aid officer
95
What are the correct meanings for the numerical codes:
* Code 3
* Code 6
* Code 4
* Code 1
* Code 7
Code 3 - On scene at an incident or move-up
Code 6 - Incident in RFS area
Code 4 - Available for response
Code 1 - Responding to incident or move-up
Code 7 - Unavailable for response
96
You are completing a pre-incident plan for an occupancy located within your station area. Your priorities are confirming correct keys and swipe cards, along with updating information for the MDT. The SO directs you to inspect the Fire Control Room. According to the SOGs, What features are included in a Fire Control Room?
- a fire isolated room with a 2-hour fire rating and separate ventilation
- two exit points, to the front of the building and directly into a fire exit
- Fire Indicator Panel
- Fire Fan Control Panel
- Master Emergency Control Panel
- Controls for fire pumps
- Security Alarm and control panels
- Telephone
- Whiteboard, corkboard and plan table
- Tactical Fire Plans
97
You are attending an incident at a large cold storage facility. Your SO has directed you to cut into an Insulated Sandwich Panel (ISP). Prior to cutting the ISP, you conduct a risk assessment. According to the SOGs, list the important issues to consider?
- if there is sufficient time and resources available
- leaked refrigerant gas which may be pocketed behind panels or in ducting
- electrical wiring or refrigerant gas pipes that may be located behind the panels
- the potential to generate sparks
- Weakening of the structure when multiple panels are cut
- An increase in fire activity due to the introduction of air
- have a charged line of hose
98
You are attending a 3rd Alarm structure fire and note the current incident commander is being overwhelmed by radio messages. According to SOGs, following span of control rules, what is the optimal amount an individual resources you should communicate with?
5-7
99
It is the responsibility of the Incident Commander (IC) to ensure that in general, each tactical priority has been addressed, according to the SOGs, involving structure fires the IC should consider how many sides of the fire?
seven sides: front, rear, both sides, top, bottom and inside
100
On arrival at an incident, you observe the EWIS is operating. Upon closer inspection you note it has defects. According to the SOGs, what actions should you take?
Advise the FRNSW Fire Safety Division to have the matter investigated.
101
You attend a Hazmat incident involving Phosgene, you appreciate the importance of correct spelling of a substance when transmitting messages to Comms. You are requested to relay the message using the phonetic alphabet. What is the correct phonetic alphabet transmission for Phosgene?
Papa
Hotel
Oscar
Sierra
Gulf
Echo
November
Echo
102
An MVA has occurred between a truck and two cars requiring the attendance of a rescue unit, the MVA has occurred on the M5 Motorway in the GSA. There are multiple emergency services within NSW that are responsible for rescue incidents. According to SOGs, who determines which emergency service will send a rescue unit to this rescue incident?
Police Rescue Co-Ordinator
103
Fumigation is a process of applying a pesticide chemical to a sealed area for a period, generally to treat insects or other vermin. The pesticide is applied in gas form (or a state that produces a gas) to the area. According to SOGs if a firefighter is exposed to chemicals at a fumigation what actions need to be taken on arrival back at station?
1. Have the firefighter shower and dress in clean clothing.
2. Record the exposure in the Occurence Book and in the eAIRS report.
3. Ensure that a NIIENM form is completed.
104
According to SOGs - FRNSW priorities guide the strategy and incident action plan (IAP) for the incident. What are our priorities at an incident?
1. Safety of firefighters
2. Savable lives
3 protection of property and the environment
105
According to FRNSW fatigue management procedure permanent firefighters, what is the recommended consecutive hours break taken after completion of their second 24-hour shift, prior to recall, part change of shift or any other overtime in order to minimise fatigue risk.
Removed
8 hours
106
According to the clean firefighter policy describe onsite decontamination.
Onsite decontaminations is decon that occurs as people and equipment leave the Hot Zone to recycle, when entering rehab, or when leaving the incident.
107
According to the Toolkit on the intranet during a bushfire with CFUs. List the roles and responsibilities of CFU members.
* like all residents, must follow Fire Danger Rating instructions and their Bushfire Survival Plan
* do not fight fires or enter bushland; they are only empowered to protect properties in their area of activity from spot fires and ember attack
* are no different to other residents during a bushfire, and do not have any authority, responsibility or role in FRNSW bushfire operations
* must obey instructions from FRNSW firefighters or other emergency service agencies to deactivate and/or evacuate
* after the front has passed, can carry out mopping up on their area of activity, freeing up firefighters to respond to the moving fire front
108
According to SOGs - A medical emergency access incident is an actual or probable situation where either the Police Rescue Coordinator or the Ambulance Service of NSW (ASNSW) Communication Centre Manager considers serious. What do they consider a person at risk of if access is not gained quickly?
Further serious injury or death
109
According to FRNSW Alcohol and other drugs policy, workers must not be in the workplace with a blood alcohol concentration of how many grams or above of alcohol per 210 litres of breath.
0.02
110
According to STP - What actions should you take upon noticing signs of structural collapse?
- Notify all personnel in the collapse zone.
- Notify SO/Sector Commander
- Evacuate premises
- Setup exlusion zone
- Use appropriate water streams
111
According to SOGs - Radio codes for automatic fire alarms (AFAs) are used by the Incident Commander (IC) to send an incident completed (Stop) message to FireCOM at the conclusion of an AFA-reported incident. When AFA call is to an actual fire – i.e., one which FRNSW has been alerted to by the activation of an AFA or manual call point. What is required to be reported to FireCOM?
A detailed message with 100 code.
112
According to SOGs - Safety is paramount at all bushfires. A safety briefing must be completed and communicated to firefighters. Firefighters should constantly review LACES. Describe each letter of the acronym LACES.
**Lookouts
Awareness
Communications
Escape routes
Safety Zone**
113
According to SOGs-Fire danger ratings (FDR) give an indication of the consequences of a bushfire. The higher the fire danger, the more dangerous the conditions. List the ratings.
No rating
Moderate
High
Extreme
Catastrophic
114
According to SOGs when sending radio messages, to ensure they are easy to understand and hear. How should they be formulated?
Clear, concise and factual with a discplined approach using CAN
115
According to SOGs - There are three strategies used during bushfires operations. Name and describe them.
Offensive - offensive strategy involves direct attack, parallel attack or indirect attack
Defensive - Line defence, ember, backstop
Safeguarding strategy - warn, escort and protect community members
116
According to SOGs - To minimise the risk of heat related illness, what is the minimum level of PPE that should be worn at a bushfire.
Level 2 PPE
117
Heat stress is the most common condition which affects firefighters. It all too frequently affects their welfare, but more importantly, it affects their judgement and competence in the field. All firefighters must be able to recognise the symptoms, name three symptoms as stated in SOGs.
Dizziness
Weakness
Nausea
118
According to SOGs - The status of a bushfire is the degree to which it is under control. What terminology is to be used in radio messages and sitreps to FireCOM?
Going
Being Controlled
Contained
Patrol
Out
119
According to SOGs - What acronym is used to assist ICs in remembering the factors which should be considered in an effective size-up?
## Footnote
Removed
Building
Exposures
Location of fire
Extinguishment
Assistance
120
According to SOGs - Describe offensive and defensive firefighting strategies.
Offensive - operating in close proximity to the hazards
Defensive - operating away from the hazards
121
As stated in SOGs - What does the Incident Action (IAP) usually describe?
Risk assessment
Strategy and objectives
Incident structure
Incident layout
other relevant info
122
As stated in SOGs - In the event of a major fire, the IC must establish an exclusion zone to protect personnel from the risk of windows, panels and debris that become dislodged by heat, wind pressure or water jets. Any external Control Point (e.g., Incident Control Vehicle) must be located outside this zone. How far will the exclusion zone extend?
## Footnote
Removed
Upwind, minimum 50m
Downwind, a minimum distance of twice the height of the highest floor (e.g. a fire on the 20th floor, allowing 3m per floor, requires an exclusion zone of 120m
123
According to SOGs - At a high-rise structure fire, what are the actions of the first arriving Station Commander?
First station commander becomes the Sector Commander for the fire floor, established a Forward Control Point and commences fire operations from the floor below the fire.
124
According to SOGs - Twin bore tunnels, where traffic flows occur in separate tunnels, the tunnels are usually separated by 4-hour fire-resisting construction. Crossover passages between the tunnels are usually how many metres apart?
120m
125
According to SOGs - List the roles of FRNSW at incidents involving bomb threats or detonations?
- Support the NSW Police or ADF by protecting life and property from the effects of fire or hazardous materials that may occur.
- Act as the lead agency in USAR operations, if required
- If requested, assist NSW Ambulance
126
According to SOGs - When referring to storage facilities describe-
* Bulk
* Flatbed storage
* Ventilated
* Sealed
Bulk - More than 4 tonnes, or more than 4 cubic metres of a material, not in individual packages
Flatbed storage - A single-storey building or other structure designed for the storage of more than 40 tonnes of bulk solid material.
Ventilated - A container which is open to the atmosphere
Sealed - A contained that has its openings sealed to prevent oxygen from entering the container - includes containers that are semi-sealed and oxygen-limited.
127
According to SOGs - Standards Australia refers to Breathing Apparatus (BA) as supplied air respirators. Fire and Rescue NSW uses positive pressure supplied air respirators to provide the highest level of protection. Name and describe them.
- SCBA
- Extended duration breathing apparatus: an SCBA in twin cylinder configuration which allows firefighters to work for approximately twice the time as a single cylinder SCBA
- Airline respiratory. An extension facemask with an airline supplied from a source of compressed air.
128
According to SOGs - Decontamination is the process of removing contaminants from people and equipment to prevent further injury and reduce the spread of the contaminant. What are the three ways decontamination can be implemented.
- Standard decontamination is implemented where there is no life at risk
- Emergency decontaminations is implemented where there is a life at risk or an immediate response is required due to an accidental contamination
- mass decontaminations is implemented in an unexpected and dangerous situation which must be dealt with immediately where a group of people are contaminated
129
According to SOGs When dealing with radiological incidents, the first priority is to minimise the exposure to radiation while rendering the incident safe. What are the main considerations for protecting people at radiological incidents?
Time - minimise the duration of exposure
Distance - maximise the distance from the radiological source.
Shielding - maximise shielding between the radiological source and people
130
According to SOGs - What are three types of radiation.
Alpha, beta, Gamma
131
According to SOGs - Materials that contain asbestos are known as asbestos containing materials (ACM). If asbestos is encountered at an incident, as far as practical, employ dust suppression tactics and leave ACM in situ. Provide three examples of dust suppression tactics.
- Minimise disturbance
- Dampen down
- Apply bonding agent
132
Materials that contain asbestos are known as asbestos containing materials (ACM). There are generally two categories of ACM name and describe them.
Friable - any asbestos containing material in powder form, or that can be crumbled, pulverised or reduced to powder by hand pressure when dry
Non-friable - Any asbestos containing material that is not friable, including materials containing asbestos fibres reinforced with a bonding compound
133
According to Standing Orders – The minimum number of new PIPs to be completed by each platoon yearly is?
4 new PIPs
134
According to Standing Orders - Why does FRNSW conduct hydrant inspections?
- Ensure that hydrants work when needed
- Notify water authorities of problems with hydrants
- Familiarise crews with hydrants in their area
135
According to the After-Action Review (AAR) Policy - AARs are held for the purpose of reviewing organisational performance, resulting in a series of observations, which are analysed to produce thematic insights. What timeframe should a Type 1 review be conducted?
Immediate or as soon as possible
136
As stated in in the FRNSW Code of Conduct and Ethics - FRNSW has shared values with the NSW Government Sector. Name all the shared values.
Respect
Integrity
Service
Courage
137
According to FRNSW Policy Managing Gifts, Benefits and Hospitality Policy and Procedure - Any offer of a gift or benefit in excess of $50 or not token in nature, whether it is accepted or not, must be declared and registered with who?
With Professional Standards Branch
138
According to the infection prevention and control manual - An infection occurs when another organism enters your body and causes disease. There are six main transmission routes, list four.
- Direct contact transmission
- Indirect contact
- Droplet
- Airborne
- Gastrointestinal
- Vector borne
139
According to SOGs - What is the unit of measurement for external radiation?
Sievert
140
According to SOGs - The risk of developing asbestos related disease depends on many factors. List three factors.
- Concentration of exposure
- Duration of exposure
- Fibre characteristic
141
List and define the three zone systems as outlined in SOGs Scene Security.
Hot zone - where no personnel enter until a DRA determines appropriate actions and level of PPE
Warm Zone - Where FRNSW conducts its operations
Cold Zone - where the Incident Control Point and support agencies are located and where the Police implement overall site control
142
According to SOGs - Operators of aged care facilities have emergency plans, which include a staged evacuation plan. List the stage numbers including the stage FRNSW would likely be involved.
Stage 1
Stage 2 (FRNSW) involved. Residents removed from adjoing rooms and corridors, away from the emergency. Evacuated to an adjoining fire or smoke compartment, or another floor below the emergency.
Stage 3
143
According to SOGs - During bushfire operations safeguarding strategy is not fire suppression but can be used when defensive operations are not safe. Describe the actions taken in this strategy.
warn, escort and protect community members
144
According to SOGs - At a high-rise structure fire, what area provides a safe location with building communications, control equipment and plans?
FCR Fire Control Room
145
SOGs state - In some cases, mostly at larger structures and complexes it may not be appropriate to turn off power to the entire structure. List three of these structures or complexes.
Industrial complexes
High-rise buildings
Health care facilities
146
According to the FRNSW smoke alarm installation procedure - When installing a smoke alarm in a residential dwelling, what is the most suitable fixing method to attach to surfaces
Heavy duty double-sided tape
147
Suspicious substance incidents (including suspicious package incidents) are multi-agency incidents. FRNSW, the NSW Police Force and the Ambulance Service of NSW have developed multi-agency procedures to provide emergency services personnel with the knowledge, skills, and ability to ensure a consistent and safe approach for management and resolution of suspicious substance incidents. The level of risk can be identified by a colour. What are these colours?
Red, blue, green
148
Sexual Harassment is against the law and never acceptable. FRNSW adopts the legal definition of sexual harassment as per the Anti- Discrimination Act 1977. What constitutes sexual harassment as described in the Act?
a person sexually harasses another person if
(a) the person makes an unwelcome sexual advance, or an unwelcome request for sexual favours, to the other person, or
(b) the person engages in other unwelcome conduct of a sexual nature in relation to the other person.
149
According to the procedure, list the requirements regarding qualifications for a full or part change of shift.
Replacement firefighters must have similar qualifications required to meet the needs of the position being filled.
150
According to the procedure, arrangement for a full or part change of shift- The applicant must submit the form to their Station Commander or Supervisor at least how many hours in advance?
Atleast 24 hours
151
According to the FRNSW Act 1989, what is the definition of a hazardous material
incident?
An actual or impending land-based spillage or other escape of hazardous material that causes or threatens to cause injury or death or damage to property.
152
According to the NSW RFS and FRNSW Memorandum of Understanding, when responding to AFAs within the jurisdictional, responsibility of the RFS, the first
arriving brigade can de activate the local alarm, who can carry out resetting of the alarm?
FRNSW will carry out the resetting of the alarm unless an agreement clause is inserted into the MAA.
153
According to the Toolkit - Workplace Safety- Annual Workplace Safety Inspections aim to reduce the number of safety incidents by identifying and controlling a broad range of potential hazards in FRNSW-owned or leased workplaces. When must each FRNSW-owned or leased workplace be inspected by each year?
31 May each year.
154
According to the SOGs - The minimum training requirements, for career firefighters at permanent stations, what is the minimum hours of training per set of four shifts (DDNN) or 2 shifts (on the 24hr roster)?
## Footnote
Removed
6 hours
155
According to SOGs -When using a hydrant booster, the IC will instruct the pump operator to run the hydrant booster system in one of three modes. List all three
Standby mode
Activation mode
Deactivation mode
156
According to the workplace safety toolkit -Every workplace should have a prominently displayed Health & Safety Notice Board, list all documents that should be attached?
- SIRA Poster - If you get injured at work
- Commissioners Safety Statement
- Safety and Wellbeing Plan
- FRNSW return to work policy and program summary
- Workplace evacuation diagrams
- WHS Issue Resolution Flowchart Guide
- Safety Representatives Template
157
According to Standing Orders - Smoke screen security devices produce a barrier of dense white fog when a monitored security alarm system is activated. FRNSW may be responded to buildings where the smoke screen has been activated and mistaken for a fire. What are two things’ firefighters should consider before entering the building?
Intruders may still be in the building
A real fire may have set off motion detectors and activated the smoke screen
158
According to the Firefighters Training Manual, what is the definition of thermal capacity?
The amount of heat absorbed for any given increase in temperature.
159
According to the Firefighters Training Manual, flash fires and dust explosions are similar in conditions. Three conditions occur in both flash fires and dust explosions. Which conditions do NOT occur in both?
Explosive chemical reaction occurring in a confined space
160
You respond to a building that has a dry riser system. In accordance with SOGs, if you identify one of these systems what should you be aware of?
## Footnote
Removed
That they are not charged with water and rely on FRNSW to charge them from street hydrants.
161
During a bushfire, a helicopter is carrying out hot refuelling operations to prepare for ongoing water bombing operations. According to SOGs, a designated Fire Protection Crew should follow what procedures?
## Footnote
Removed
Wear full PPE:
* Full structural firefighting ensemble, including helmet and gloves
* Flash hood
* SCBA
* Ear plugs – which provide sufficient protection at 50 metres
Do not become involved in refuelling or fire protection with extinguishers at the refuelling point. Locate the appliance uphill, upwind, and at least 50 metres from the landing site, fuel pumps and fuel storage areas, and any incident on the airbase.
Stand by with lines of hose charged, foam eductor attached and Class B foam ready to be inducted. Prevent water or foam streams from hitting the moving rotors.
162
A 6-level building has a fire burning on the 3rd level. Heat smoke and fire gases are gradually rising through vertical openings and spreading to floors above the fire. As per the Firefighters Training Manual, what factors will mostly affect the levels reached by these stratified layers?
• the type of fuel in the fire;
• size of the fire;
• size of the internal openings;
• height of the building; and
• the weather.
163
At a 4th alarm industrial unit fire, the Incident Commander (IC) had assigned Sector Commanders, a Safety Officer and a Staging Officer with four pumps initially in Staging. The IC later requested an extra six firefighters and a Station Commander from Staging, but there was only one pump in Staging. Why was this error not identified?
ICS wasnt followed, freelancing, resourcing allocations weren't communicated effectively
164
You are responding to a fire call in a Scania 320 pumper through small roundabouts in wet weather and the driver reports that the vehicle's brakes are operating independently and intermittently. In accordance with the Operations Bulletin 2014-02, what actions should be taken?
Alter their driving behaviour
165
According to the definitions in the STP, provide a detailed description of Hazard and Risk.
Hazard - anything with potential to harm
Risk - the harm that may occur to a person exposed to a hazard.
166
You attend a Motor Vehicle Accident (MVA) between two (2) cars, you note one of the vehicles is an LPG powered vehicle. According to the Firefighters Training Manual, in general, LPG cylinders in vehicles have what fittings?
## Footnote
Removed
- Service valve
- contents guage
- fixed liquid level gauge
- safety valve
- filler valve
167
According to FRNSW Act 1989, What is the definition of hazardous material?
## Footnote
Removed
anything that, when produced, stored, moved, used or otherwise dealt with without adequate safeguards to prevent it from escaping, may cause injury or death or damage to property
168
You attend a 3rd Alarm structure fire, and the Incident Commander (IC) appoints you the Safety Officer. What is the Safety Officer responsible for? List five.
- Identifying unsafe conditions or operations and reporting these to the IC
- Correct unsafe work practices through the appropriate commander
- Communicate with commanders to identify safety concerns and the control measures implemented
- Confirm that all utilities are identified and rendered safe
- Request the appointment of additional safety officers if needed
169
FRNSW use different methods to ventilate a structure. All ventilation methods require safety precautions. According to the Firefighters Training Manual, what safety precautions should you practice during vertical or trench ventilation?
- Dont walk on spongy roofs.
- Take care to prevent firefighters from sliding and falling
- Excercise caution when working near electric wires
- Ensure that firefighters making the opening are standing to the windward side of the cut and wearing the correct PPE
- watch for indications of weakening structure or other hazards
- apply extreme caution when using power tools
- keep a firm footing
- always have a means of retreat
170
You are performing a fire duty after a fire at a factory. The cause is yet to be determined; the Fire Investigation and Research Unit (FIRU) and Police are at work. An employee asks if he can go and retrieve some personal belongings. According to Part 3 Section 32 of the Fire Brigades Regulation 2014, what is your correct course of action?
## Footnote
Change to to 2023 Regulations
Ensure the persons can establish their identity and authority to do so
Report any breach of security to the officer in charge at the site.
171
According to SOGs, as the Incident Commander, you may choose a fast attack command position. What does fast attack enable the IC to do?
- more fully size up the incident
- Directly supervise the crew
- Assist the crew with task level work if needed
- Take advantage of the limited window of opportunity available while the incident is in its early stages.
172
Hazardous chemical (Hazchem) emergency action codes provide information for the fire brigade and police on how to deal with a fire or spillage. What does the 3-digit code give basic information on?
The initial action required in the event of a dangerous substance.
173
To extinguish a fire, we must remove one or more factors that form the fire triangle or fire tetrahedron. According to the Firefighters Training Manual, what methods are used to remove one of these factors. List four.
Starvation
Smothering
Cooling
Interrupting the flame chain reaction
174
According to the Firefighters Training Manual, the use of water as an extinguishing medium on ships has some disadvantages. List three of the disadvantages.
- Likely to damage cargo
- May react dangerously with cargo
- Can affect a ships stability
- Present a danger of flooding
175
Describe the purpose of the FRNSW Act 1989?
## Footnote
Removed
To provide for the protection of persons and property from fire and from hazardous material incidents, and for that purpose to constitute FRNSW as a Department of the Government and to provide for permanent and retained fire briagdes; to amend certain acts; and for other purposes
176
According to STP - Crews operating on levels above the fire should be constantly alert for the potential of fire extension. List the actions should crews take.
- Checking concealed spaces, including ducting and pipework with the TIC
- Closing windows and moving flammable material away from windows
- Always having charged lines of hose
- Maintaining communication with outside crews, who can report any externally visible indicators of changed fire activity
177
You are responded to an aircraft on a runway with smoke issuing from behind the piston engine. All passengers and crew are out. It is a radial engine. According to the Firefighters Training Manual, how does the fire risk of this engine compare to an in-line engine and what extinguishing medium would you use?
The fire risk is greater in this type of engine, the fire risk is in the oil pumps, generators, carburetors and superchargers and in the pipework and wiring. There is a fire-resistant bulkhead between the engine and the remainder of the plane structure. Because the bulkhead is used to support pipework and wiring, its effectiveness as a fire barrier is diminished.
In piston engines, Halon or CO are most effective at cooling these fires.
178
According to FRNSW Fatigue Management Procedure - Short-term fatigue management is the management of acute fatigue that may occur as a result of tasks undertaken by firefighters during work hours. As a guide, a break from these tasks should be taken how often?
Every four hours.
179
You have been instructed to commence ventilation. According to the Firefighters Training Manual, when determining where ventilation needs to be carried out, what considerations need to be taken into account?
- Nature and proximity of exposures
- size of the fire
- seat of the fire
- wind and weather conditions
- type of building construction
- presence of vertical or horizontal openings and how they may affect ventilation
180
According to SOGs, if co2 is used to extinguish a fire in an underground vault substation what is the minimum time it needs to be kept sealed within the vault?
Atleast 20 minutes
181
According to SOGs, what is the definition of decontamination?
The process of removing contaminants from people and equipment to prevent further injury and reduce the spread of the contaminant.
182
During a bushfire, your sector contains an area where trees and grass are alight under high voltage power lines. According to SOGs, what are the safe working distances and what firefighting activities can you perform?
25m clear of a fire burning under or near power lines.
Knock down low (less than 2m) isolated flames not producing a convection column or heavy smoke.
183
You need to attach a delivery to the hydrant outlet. According to the Firefighters Training Manual, hydrants have what types of deliveries?
- Double delivery
- elbow delivery
- standpipe delivery
184
A BA team reports to a Breathing Apparatus Control Operator (BACO) two floors below the fire floor at a high-rise structure fire. They provide their BA tallies to the BACO and proceed to the fire floor but remain in the fire stairs for ten minutes before donning BA and beginning firefighting tasks.
Ten minutes after that the BACO is trying to contact the Sector Commander urgently stating that they are running low on air when they are not. According to SOGs, what went wrong?
Time on air was not recorded/ communicated correctly to the BACO.
185
According to SOGs, there are five members of a decontamination team. Name all members.
- Decontamination Officer
- Wash Operator
- Wash Assistant
- Disrobe assistant
- Pump Operator
186
At an incident, fire crews believe accelerants may have been used. According to Standing Orders, what are possible signs of accelerant use?
- Characteristic burn pattern
- Indication of fire trailers
- Rapid fire development inconsistent with available combustible materials
- unusual odours.
- damage to building consistent with a vapour explosion
187
You are in charge of firefighters providing fire protection during helicopter refuelling. You instruct them to wear full PPE. According to SOGs, what full PPE will they wear?
- Full structural firefighting ensemble, including helmet and gloves
- Flash hood
- SCBA
- Ear plugs
188
Under the FRNSW Act 1989, define flammable matter?
- any substance capable of ignition or combustion by the application of heat, by means of sparks or spontaneously
- any substance prescribed as flammable for the purposes of this definition
189
According to SOGs- Bushfire classes are determined by the level of resources committed to the fire, and its potential impact on the community, economy, essential infrastructure, and not its size. Describe a Class 3 bushfire?
A major bushfire or fires where an appointment is made or is imminent under the provisions of Section 44 of the Rural Fires Act 1997
190
In relation to toxic chemicals, what are the five main types of military warfare agents?
## Footnote
Should be 4
Chemical
Biological
Radiological
Nuclear
191
You are first arriving Station Commander at a fire to find smoke issuing from a single level house. You have not conducted a 360° size up but have given your crew initial tasks.
What actions would most assist in formally assuming command?
- Confirm via initial radio report to FireCOM that an IC is in place.
- Name command
- Select an appropriate command position
192
You respond to a High-Rise building. According to SOGs, High Rise buildings are generally described by what characteristics?
Being more than 25m high or more than 10 levels.
193
If there is a minor bushfire in a Fire District attended four FRNSW pumpers and two RFS tankers managed by the FRNSW Duty Commander, what class of bushfire is it?
## Footnote
Removed
Class 1
194
According to the Firefighters Training Manual, what conditions should be determined before carrying out ventilation?
- Has the seat of the fire been located
- Are crews ready to enter with charged hose lines
- Are backup crews ready to enter
- Have communications been established amongst all crews
195
You are the Incident Commander at a hazardous materials incident and find wastewater coming from an adjoining business is entering the Hot Zone and spreading contaminants. You order this water supply to be shut off, but the business owner next door complains that he will lose money by shutting down production. What are your general powers in this situation as stipulated under the FRNSW Act?
Divison 1 Part 15
At the site of a Hazardous Materials incident, the officer in charge may for the purpose of confining or ending the incident,
- take and use any water from any source or any land
- cause water to flow into or be shut off from any main or pipe
196
FRNSW incident management is consistent with the Australasian Inter-service Incident Management System (AIIMS). What are the key principles of AIIMS?
Flexibility
Management by objectives
Functional management
Unity of command
Span of Control
197
According to SOGs, Describe the term “All Clear.”
Search and rescue have been completed and the IC is satisfied that all occupants have been accounted for.
198
According to the SOGs, on arrival at a high-rise structure fire, the Hazmat Officer will become the BA Commander and perform what duties?
## Footnote
Removed
- Establish BA Control at street level
- Monitor smoke plumes and run-off
- Provide specialist advice to the IC
199
You are the Incident Commander at a large factory fire. There are 8 pumps code 3 at the incident. According to SOGs, list two combinations could you allocate these pumps to achieve three-deep deployment?
Pump 1 and 2 working in the Hot Zone
Pump 3 and 4 on-deck
Pump 5,6,7 and 8 in Staging
Pump 1,2, 3 and 4 working in the hot zone
Pump 5 and 6 on Deck
Pump 7 and 8 in Staging
200
FRNSW is committed to achieving the principles and requirements of the Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion Policy, to achieve this what are all employees responsible for?
- Creating a culturally safe workplace environment which is free from discrimination and everyone is valued and treated with respect
- Working collaboratively to recognise and appreciate equity, diversity and inclusion
- Identifying and addressing any form of discrimination in the workplace
201
According to the Transfer and Mobility Policy, list the reasons permanent Officers and Firefighters may seek transfer or be transferred to other locations.
- Career development
- Operational capability
- Compassionate issues/staff welfare
- Location based transfers
- Performance/disciplinary
202
According to the Firefighters Training Manual, what does the term latent heat of vaporisation refer to?
The amount of heat required to vaporise a unit weight of the extinguishing medium.
203
According to the Firefighters Training Manual, water is drawn from various types of water mains. Name the types of mains
Trunk mains
Distributary mains
Reticulation mains
204
You are responded to a report of an unknown odour at an abandoned petrol station. You inform your crew to prepare a 4-head gas detector for use on arrival. According to SOGs, what four items of information can the detector tell you?
## Footnote
Removed
Oxygen levels
LELs
CO levels
and H2S levels
205
Insulated Sandwich Panels (ISPs), especially those with Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) cores can create an extremely hazardous environment for firefighters and may force adoption of a defensive strategy from an early
stage. According to SOGs, what are the reasons for this?
- EPS melts and flows like a liquid. It is highly flammable, inducing rapid fire spread, which is undetectable with TIC.
- Panel delamination, where the hot metal panel skin bows and open up, rapidly increases the rate of fire spread, which heats the ceiling void, creates secondary pool fires from melted EPS and causes panels to collapse
- There is an increased risk of flashover and backdraught
- Large volumes of thick, black, acrid smoke are produced.
- Sudden loss of structural integrity may cause substantial building collapse.
206
According to the Firefighters Training Manual, what are the main types of aircraft?
- Civil
- Military
- Helicopters
207
According to SOGs, when responding into a Rural Fire District, when are you required to send a Code 6?
When it becomes apparent to the OIC of a FRNSW appliance that they have recieved a call to an incident located within RFS district
208
According to Operations Bulletin 2023-02. List the risk management measures that should be taken when attending incidents involving hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEV).
- Conduct atmospheric monitoring for LELs to detect if hydrogen is leaking
- Use a TIC to identify if hydrogen fire is present
- Conduct thermal checks on the battery using the TIC to determine whether thermal runaway may be occuring within the lithium-ion battery.
- Establish an exclusion zone (minimum 15m) around any hydrogen FCEV incident
209
The operation (or non-operation) of the pressure relief valve on an LPG storage or transport container does not necessarily mean that a BLEVE is imminent. However, if the valve is operating on an LPG storage container that has no odorant and is labelled accordingly the internal pressure of the cylinder may be rising.
According to the Firefighters Training Manual, what are indicators of a possible BLEVE?
- any increase in the noise level from the valve
- any sign of bulging or blistering on the outside of the tank or cylinder
210
In accordance with SOGs, when developing objectives, strategies and tactics what should be considered?
- The response time for requested support
- The requirements for relief crews and refreshments
- Whether a change of shift might be necessary
211
You are the Officer in Charge at a hazardous materials incident, and the site manager is failing to cooperate. You advise the site manager of your authority to enter and operate under the FRNSW Act, what does it state?
At a site of a hazardous material incident, the OIC may take such measures as the officer thinks proper for the protection and saving of life and property, for confining and ending the incident and for rendering the site safe
212
According to the Toolkit - Conduct - Respectful Workplaces, Clear communication is one of the best ways to build a respectful workplace and to avoid conflict. What is the tool that will help employees to communicate clearly when addressing difficult topics.
Straight Talk
213
According to the Toolkit - Mental fitness- What program offers an external service that provides professional and confidential counselling/coaching to help you with challenges, issues or concerns that may be affecting you at work or home.
The Employee Assistance Program
214
According to SOGs - During the de-escalation of an incident, at what stage is command terminated?
When the last resource leaves the incident
215
What are principles of situational evaluation in incident management?
- The IC must identify a set of critical factors i.e. elements that, if not dealt with rapidly, could cause expansion of the incident or a threat to firefighters or other
- The IC can only deal with 3-7 critical factors at any one time. If there are more than this, consider expanding the incident structure so that delegation can occur
- Collecting and evaluation information may start before arriving on scene.
- Critical factors must be communicated to FireCOM.
- The IC should continually collect information during the incident from
commanders and other external sources such as onsite experts, Bureau of
Meteorology, and other agencies.
- Critical factors may change rapidly as the incident evolves. The IAP must
be modified as critical factors change.
- The IC’s initial size up and decision-making about critical factors may need
to be rapid. Once the incident is contained, the IC should take a more
deliberate approach.
- Situation evaluation only ends when command is terminated.
- Anyone at the incident may collect information regarding critical factors.
These need to be communicated to the IC. Critical safety concerns can be
addressed immediately if required, before informing the IC.
216
According to Recommended Practice, state why the thermal imaging camera may or may not be suitable for use in a flammable atmosphere
They are not intrinsically safe
217
According to SOGs - A major goal for the IC is to develop an Incident Action Plan for the incident. What is an incident action plan?
An IAP is a plan developed by the IC that describes, at any one point, how the IC plans to control the incident.
The IAP usually describes
- The Risk Assessment
- The strategy and objectives, including critical factors
- The incident structure, showing resources being used or needed.
- The layout of the incident (mud map)
- Any other information relevant to resolve or control
218
According to SOGs - What are the terms used in an initial radio report, to indicate the size of a structure at a fire incident
Small - One hose lay can cover the entire structure (hose lay is 50m)
Medium - One hose lay can cover 75% of the structure
Large - One hose lay will cover 50% of the structure
Very Large - One hose lay will cover 25% of the structure
Mega - One hose lay will cover 10% of the structure
219
As stated in SOGs - Example -Initial radio report - The initial radio report (IRR) is sent by the first arriving officer to FireCOM. It time-stamps command, confirms and identifies the IC, and records initial details about the incident. It should be in Conditions, Actions, Needs (CAN) format and should include-
- Confirmation of address
- Conditions: Brief description of the incident, obvious critical factors including hazards
- Actions: Initial IAP, assumption of command and naming of incident, strategy
- Needs: Increase alarm level as necessary, request other agencies and support
220
According to Standing Orders - The Community Activities Reporting System (CARs) is the platform for reporting community activities engaged in at a station level and by our other specialist units. Who is authorised to enter completed activities in CARs.
Any member of the crews participating in the activity, provided they have direct knowledge of the info they are submitting.
221
According to FRNSW Cyber Security policy - Employees are responsible to protect the information they use and manage as part of their daily job. Employees are expected to complete Cyber Security Awareness Training how often?
Annually
222
According to the Bushfire Hazard reduction procedure - There are two types of broad area prescribed burns. What are they?
Simple and Complex
223
According to the Bushfire Hazard reduction procedure - Pile burns may be carried out by FRNSW to dispose of vegetation resulting from what activities?
ecological, regeneration purposes or bushfire hazard reduction
224
According to the Bushfire hazard reduction policy - List occasions when prescribed burning conducted by FRNSW is not permitted in a fire district.
Burning is not permitted in a fire district on days when:
* there is a total fire ban (TOBAN)
* the EPA has issued a No-Burn Notice (unless prior exemption has been granted)
* the Fire Danger Index (FDI) is greater than 24**
**The RFS allows burning on days with FDI greater than 24. If FRNSW is assisting RFS with a prescribed burn, they may be required to continue assisting on these days.
225
According to CASE STUDY 2023-06 on the Intranet, four firefighters injured by unauthorised equipment - During 2020-2021, four firefighters required treatment in hospital after being injured by unauthorised equipment that had been brought into FRNSW workplaces. What is FRNSWs definition of unauthorised equipment as described in the case study?
Unauthorised equipment is any item which is purchased, introduced, or used within an FRNSW workplace that has not first met the requirements of the Procurement Manual.
226
When conveying sensitive information on an open channel what should be considered as listed in SOGs?
Not send sensitive information over the radio. Details should be sent by other means e.g. mobile phone, GRN private call facility or face-to-face.
Ensure outside speakers on appliances are turn off if sensitive info is being sent
227
According to Six Minute Intensive Training- Emergency Management- A priority traffic message, which draws attention to something that may pose a risk to firefighters. For example, a new critical factor, which prompts the IC to change the incident action plan and the strategy from offensive to defensive can be sent by who?
## Footnote
Removed
Only the IC
228
According STP - Who must give consent for PIP inspections to be conducted on a premises?
The building owner or occupier
229
According to Six Minute Intensive Training-Door entry - What are the door entry techniques that can be used with the Halligan tool?
Inward Adze Roll
Outward Adze
Fork drive
230
According to Six Minute Intensive Training-Door entry - What are the five steps to forcing a door?
Size up - Assess how urgent the situation is. If it is not time critical, consider passive ways of making entry
Gap - Usually start with the Adze blade, work the tool between the door and door stop or door frame to create a workable gap.
Set - With a gap established between the door and frame, manoeuvre tool to complete the forced entry. This could be the adze or fork end of the tool.
Force - Final action to defeat the lock. Using the mechanical advantage leverage of the tool to complete the spread.
Control - Open the door in such a way so as not to have an adverse effect on the situation. Use Adze on Halligan to hook the back of the door to pull closed.
231
According to Six Minute Intensive Training - During Firefighting Operations, what does fire attack crew never ignore?
A casualty
232
According to Six Minute Intensive Training – Search and rescue during firefighting operations-The objective of a search is to confirm an ALL CLEAR, this is usually broken into what two components?
Primary search and secondary search
233
According to SOGs - Describe the terms withdraw and abandon as used by the IC to indicate to crews the urgency required to move from offensive to a defensive strategy.
Withdraw - this indicates that firefighters have enough time to exit the structure or position they are working in, with all their equipment, in a controlled manner.
Abandon - this indicates there is an immediate threat to firefighter lives and the firefighters must exit the structure or position they are working in immediately and only bring equipment with them if it will not compromise their safety.
234
As stated in Six Minute Intensive Training – Search and rescue during firefighting operations - What signs would indicate it’s time to withdraw?
* Worsening fire/smoke conditions
* Signs of structural collapse
* Previosuly unknown hazards e.g. acetylene
* Emergency radio message signalling
- Loss of Par,
- Change to a defensive strategy via an order from the IC to Withdraw or Abandon
235
According to Safety Bulletin 2023-03 TIC lanyard entanglement risk - If the TIC needs to be handed between members of firefighting or search and rescue teams what is the safest method to pass to the front firefighter?
Around the side of the body of the front firefighter, not over the shoulder.
236
According to Six Minute Intensive Training, what is the purpose of placing an appliance in the fend off position?
It uses the appliances bulk and visibility to form a physical barrier protecting FRNSW personnel, other emergency services and patients from oncoming traffic.
237
According to the SIMS worksheet - Warning gear is used to mark off incidents sites and warn the public that FRNSW operations are nearby. As listed on the worksheet list three forms of warning gear.
- Eflare
- strobe kit
- witches hats
-barrier tape
238
According to the SIMS Worksheet - All extinguishers are inspected and serviced by who and at what timeframes?
A competent person, six monthly, annually and 5 yearly.
239
According to STP - What removal technique provides a time efficient technique that removes an unconscious or decreased level of consciousness firefighter from their equipment providing access for assessment and further medical intervention?
Firefighter down mayday drag
240
According to SOGs when responded to a Community First Responder incident and the patient refuses care. What should you do?
- Observe the patient until the ambulance arrives
241
According to SOGs - To ensure the safety of crews working on roads, list the actions that should be taken when positioning the vehicle and defining the workspace
## Footnote
Removed
- Place and orient the advanced warning sign on the footpath where it is clearly visible to road users at a distance twice the prescribed speed limit in meters or the next intersection
- Position the vehicle safely and turn on the emergency beacons and hazard warning lights
- ensure that a line of traffic cones is placed from the warning sign to the vehicle, spaced evenly to provide a safe work area
- if necessary, appoint spotters to monitor traffic
242
According to Recommended practice - To ensure visibility, firefighters must always wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) when working on roadways. List the PPE that can be used.
Structural firefighting coat and trousers
multipurpose jacket
High vis vest
Firefighting boots
High vis raincoat
Duty Wear trousers
243
According to SOGs - Occasionally, FRNSW personnel may have to prepare a helicopter landing site. List the points to be considered when doing this.
## Footnote
Removed
- position the landing site in an area 30m x 30m minimum on solid, level ground away from power lines or wires, and clear of trees or similar obstacles.
- mark the corners of the landing site by placing a firefighter at each corner and cordon off to prevent unauthorised entry. Do not use tape or loose materials
- clear all loose debris from the area e.g. paper bags, rubbish etc.
- in dry, dusty conditions, the landing site may require wetting down to maintain visibility during take and landing.
244
According to SOGs - Structure Fires in Rural Fire Districts- Where FRNSW is requested to assist the NSW RFS at a structure fire in a rural Fire District who will be the Incident Controller?
The senior RFS person
245
According to Recommended practice, list four safety precautions when using extension ladders
- maximum number of persons on a ladder is 2
- Exercise care when ascending, descending ladders
- Firefighters must ensure they have 3 points of contact
- Maintain a working angle of 4:1
246
According to SOGs - When must Level 1 or Level 2 Rehabilitation be considered?
- the depletion of two BA cylinders
- each wear of a fully encapsulated suit
- 40 minutes of intense work without SCBA
247
According to SOGs - What two items do FRNSW use that lays out safe working practices to manage the safety of firefighters at incidents?
Training and doctrine
248
According to SOGs - There are many aspects to ensuring safety at an incident, from the IC implementing the correct strategy, down to the firefighters wearing the right PPE for their assigned tasks. Incident safety can therefore be described in terms of what three levels?
Task
Tactical
Strategic
249
Describe the term Short Term Exposure Limit (STEL).
This concentration is safe for a 15min exposure period (4 such exposures are permitted per day if they are seperated by 1 hr intervals)
250
According to SOGs - What safety related worksheet is used as method of documenting hazards or risks and control measures at an incident?
Incident Safety Worksheet
