SFM Flashcards
(71 cards)
1
Q
The body sectioned in the sagittal plane yields
A
left and right parts
2
Q
The body sectioned in the coronal plane yields
A
anterior and posterior parts
3
Q
the body sectioned in the transverse plane yields
A
superior and inferior parts
4
Q
Proximal meaning
A
Nearer to Trunk
5
Q
Ipsilateral meaning
A
on same side of body
6
Q
Which osteogenic cells are found in the periosteum?
A
Progenitor Cells which develop into Osteoblasts
7
Q
Interstitial bone growth means
A
growth occurring by means of cell division in the epiphyseal growth plate ie. within the existing bone. It increases the length of the growing bone.
8
Q
What gives rise to appositional bone growth
A
Periosteum
9
Q
what gives rise to interstitial bone growth
A
epiphyseal plate
10
Q
In the anatomical position, the palmar surface of the hands face
A
Anterior
11
Q
Dorsal Nerve Roots are
A
Posterior Sensory
12
Q
Ventral Nerve Roots are
A
Motor Anterior
13
Q
Where do Dorsal and Ventral Nerve Roots join
A
Intervertebral Foramen
14
Q
Where does Ventral Ramus supply
A
Skin, Muscles and Bones
15
Q
Where does Dorsal Ramus supply
A
Posterior Trunk - not limbs at all
16
Q
What type of muscle is Diaphragm
A
Skeletal
17
Q
How many thoracic vertebrae
A
12
18
Q
How many lumbar vertebrae
A
5
19
Q
How many sacral vertebrae
A
5
20
Q
What is C1
A
Atlas
21
Q
What is C2
A
Axis
22
Q
what is c7
A
vertebrae prominens
23
Q
what connects laminae in spine
A
ligamentumn flavum
24
Q
Inferior Angle of Scapula is where
A
T7
25
Lumbar puncture where in adult
L3/L4
26
Lumbar puncture where in child
L4/5
27
1. Spatial descriptors describe the relative position of body structures in the anatomical position.
Which of the following spatial descriptions is incorrect?
a. The shoulder is distal to the hand
b. The upper limbs are medial to the trunk
c. The ears are anterolateral to the nose
d. The umbilicus is inferior to the symphysis pubis
e. The left hand and the left foot are contralateral structures
e. The left hand and the left foot are contralateral structures
28
2. The bony skeleton is composed of axial and appendicular elements.
Which of the following structures forms part of the appendicular skeleton?
a. ribs
b. cervical vertebrae
c. sacrum
d. xiphisternum
e. calcaneus
d. xiphisternum
29
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3. Bones can be formed by either an intramembranous or an endochondral ossification mode.
Which of the following structures is associated with intramembranous ossification?
a. radius
b. clavicle
c. shaft of the fibula
d. epiphyseal plate
e. metaphysis
Correct answer: b.
```
b. clavicle
30
4. Which of the following muscles are not found in the anterior compartment of the thigh?
a. vastus intermedius
b. gracilis
c. sartorius
d. pectineus
e. iliopsoas tendon
b. gracilis
31
5. Which of the following nerve pairs supplies the anterior compartment of the forearm?
a. radial and axillary
b. musculocutaneous and median
c. ulnar and median
d. ulnar and radial
e. musculocutaneous and ulnar
c. ulnar and median
32
6. Concerning the spinal cord, which of the following statements is correct?
a. It forms part of the peripheral nervous system
b. It terminates at the level of vertebra L3 in an adult
c. It gives origin to the dorsal and ventral rami of the spinal nerves
d. It is covered by 3 layers of meninges
e. It lies within the intervertebral foramina of the vertebral column
d. It is covered by 3 layers of meninges
33
8. Concerning the brachial plexus, which of the following statements is incorrect?
a. It is formed from the ventral rami of spinal nerve roots C5-T1
b. Its cords are located in the axilla
c. It supplies both sensory and motor fibres to the upper limb
d. It supplies only the anterior muscle compartments of the upper limb
e. Its axillary and radial terminal nerve branches all arise from the posterior cord
d. It supplies only the anterior muscle compartments of the upper limb
34
Secondary cartilaginous joints have two histological types of cartilage situated between the articulating bony surfaces. Which one of the following best represents the structure of a secondary cartilaginous joint?
a. bone – fibrocartilage – hyaline cartilage - hyaline cartilage – fibrocartilage – bone
b. bone – elastic cartilage – fibrocartilage - fibrocartilage – elastic cartilage – bone
c. bone – hyaline cartilage – fibrocartilage - fibrocartilage – hyaline cartilage – bone
d. bone – hyaline cartilage – elastic cartilage - elastic cartilage – hyaline cartilage – bone
e. bone – fibrocartilage – elastic cartilage - elastic cartilage – fibrocartilage – bone
c. bone – hyaline cartilage – fibrocartilage - fibrocartilage – hyaline cartilage – bone
35
Which one of the following statements best describes the anatomy of skin?
a) The outermost layer consists of a stratified squamous non-keratinising epithelium.
b) The papillary layer of the dermis is composed of dense irregular connective tissue.
c) Melanocytes are located in the stratum germinativum (stratum basale).
d) Sweat glands empty their secretions into the hair follicles.
e) Thick skin is found on the human back.
c) Melanocytes are located in the stratum germinativum (stratum basale).
36
Concerning the histology of bone, which one of the following statements is correct?
a. Compact bone is trabecular in architecture
b. Osteoclasts are responsible for the generation of bone
c. Osteoblasts are responsible for the resorption of bone
d. The bone generating cells are found in the bone marrow
e. The epiphyseal plates are composed of hyaline cartilage
e. The epiphyseal plates are composed of hyaline cartilage
37
Concerning the anatomy of the vertebral column, which of the following statements is correct?
a. The atlanto-axial joint is a synovial gliding (plane) joint
b. A thoracic vertebra has a foramen of the transverse process
c. A typical cervical vertebra has a bifid spinous process
d. The vertebra C1 has the odontoid process (dens)
e. A lumbar vertebra has articular facets on its transverse processes
c. A typical cervical vertebra has a bifid spinous process
38
Which one of the following actions is not associated with the anterior muscle compartment of the arm?
a. Supination of the superior radio-ulnar joint
b. Flexion of the shoulder joint
c. Flexion of the elbow joint
d. Adduction of the shoulder joint
e. Pronation of the superior radio-ulnar joint
e. Pronation of the superior radio-ulnar joint
39
10. Which one of the following muscle compartment - action pairs is incorrect?
a. Posterior compartment of thigh – flexion of knee joint
b. Medial compartment of thigh – adduction of hip joint
c. Anterior compartment of thigh – flexion of hip joint
d. Anterior compartment of leg – extension (dorsiflexion) of ankle joint
e. Lateral compartment of leg – inversion of foo
e. Lateral compartment of leg – inversion of foot
40
11. Concerning the distribution of a typical spinal nerve, which one of the following statements is incorrect?
a. The dorsal root contains sensory nerve fibres
b. The ventral ramus contains sensory and motor nerve fibres
c. Limb nerve plexuses are formed by the ventral rami
d. The dorsal ramus contains sensory and motor nerve fibres
The ventral root contains motor and sensory fibres
The ventral root contains motor and sensory fibres
41
12. Concerning the brachial plexus, which one of the following statements is incorrect?
a. It is formed from the ventral rami of spinal nerve roots C5-T1
b. Its cords are located in the axilla
c. It supplies both sensory and motor fibres to the upper limb
d. It supplies only the anterior muscle compartments of the upper limb
e. Its axillary and radial nerve branches arise from the posterior cord
It supplies only the anterior muscle compartments of the upper limb
42
What is a dermatome
Area of skin where sensory innervation is supplied by a single spinal nerve
43
At what vertebral level does the spinal cord terminate?
L1/2
44
1. Spatial descriptors describe the relative position of body structures in the anatomical position.
Which one of the following spatial descriptions is incorrect?
a. The shoulder is proximal to the hand
b. The upper limbs are lateral to the trunk
c. The ears are posterolateral to the nose
d. The umbilicus is superior to the symphysis pubis
e. The left hand and right foot are contralateral structures
e. The left hand and right foot are contralateral structures
45
3. Bones can be formed by either intramembranous or endochondral ossification.
Which one of the following structures is associated with intramembranous ossification?
a. radius
b. clavicle
c. shaft of the fibula
d. epiphyseal plate
e. metaphysis
b. clavicle
46
Where would you find a synchondrosis?
Primary cartilaginous joint – in a developing bone at the epiphsyeal growth plates
47
What type of joint is present between the vertebral bodies
Secondary cartilaginous / symphysis
48
Name three types of fibrous joints
Suture, gomphosis, syndesmosis
49
Which bones make up the pectoral girdle?
Clavicle and Scapula
50
The tarsal bones are which type of bone?
Short
51
How many cervical vertebrae
7
52
How many cervical nerves
8
53
1. Concerning the vertebral column, which of the following statements is correct?
a. The vertebral facet joints are synovial ellipsoid joints
b. A lumbar vertebra has a foramen of the transverse process
c. A typical thoracic vertebra has a bifid spinous process
d. The vertebra C2 has the odontoid process (dens)
e. A cervical vertebra has articular facets on its body
The vertebra C2 has the odontoid process (dens)
54
Concerning the blood supply of the upper limbs, which one of the following statements is incorrect?
a. The brachial artery is found in the arm
b. The brachial artery is a distal continuation of the axillary artery
c. The ulnar artery arises at the wrist
d. The radial artery is a branch of the brachial artery
e. The ulnar and radial arteries cross the wrist joint to supply branches to the hand
c. The ulnar artery arises at the wrist
55
Concerning the lymphatic system, which one of the following statements is incorrect?
a. The thoracic duct arises from the cisterna chyli
b. The thoracic duct arises at vertebral L1
b. The right lymphatic duct drains lymph from the right upper limb
c. The thoracic duct drains lymph from the left lower quadrant of the body
e. The thoracic duct drains into the inferior vena cava
e. The thoracic duct drains into the inferior vena cava
56
Concerning the parasympathetic nervous system, which one of the following statements is incorrect?
a. Parasympathetic fibres arise from the spinal cord at vertebral levels S2-S4
b. Parasympathetic nerves supply the body organs and the smooth muscle of blood vessels
c. Preganglionic parasympathetic fibres synapse in the paravertebral ganglia
d. Parasympathetic postganglionic fibres synapse in or close to the organs that they supply
e. Preganglionic parasympathetic fibres are longer than their corresponding postganglionic fibres
c. Preganglionic parasympathetic fibres synapse in the paravertebral ganglia
57
What is meant by the term sentinel node?
The first lymph node to which cancer cells are most likely to spread from primary tumour
58
The thoracic duct commences at vertebral level L1 as the
Cisterna Chyli
59
At which vertebral level does the spinal cord terminate in: a. an adult
L1
60
At what vertebral level does spinal cord terminate in child
L3
61
o which vertebral level does the dura mater (=dural sac) descend?
s2
62
Between which 2 meningeal layers is the subarachnoid space located?
Arachnoid and Pia
63
Between which 2 meningeal layers is the subdural space found?
Dura and Arachnoid
64
How many pairs of spinal nerves
31
65
1. Which spinal cord segments give rise to a. sympathetic nerve fibres?
T1-L3
66
. In the spinal cord, which horns contain a. somatic nerve cell bodies,
Dorsal Horns
67
. In the spinal cord, which horns contain autonomic nerve cell bodies
lateral horns
68
The limbs only receive what type of nerve supply
Sympathetic
69
Pelvic Splanchic Nerves originate where
Pelvis from S2-4 (Parasympathetic)
70
Damage to nerve from brachial plexus supplying posterior/extensor
compartment of forearm causes
Wrist Drop
71
Lumbosacral plexus where
L1-S4
