SG 5- Mendelian inheritance

Question 1

Autosome

Answer 1

All of the chromosomes found in the cell nucleus of eukaryotes except for the sex chromosomes

Question 2

Haploid

Answer 2

Containing one set of chromosomes

Question 3

Diploid

Answer 3

Cells containing 2 sets of chromosomes

Question 4

Sex chromosomes

Answer 4

Distinctive pair of chromosomes that are different in males and females

Question 5

Homologous chromosomes

Answer 5

A set or pair. One maternal and one paternal that pair during meiosis. Copies with the same genes in the same location.

Question 6

Karyotype

Answer 6

Photographic representation of the chromosomes on an actively dividing cell

Question 7

Sister chromatids

Answer 7

Two duplicated chromatids that are still joined after DNA replication

Question 8

Charisma

Answer 8

Connection point at crossover of two chromosomes

Question 9

Chromatid

Answer 9

One of the two strands into which a chromosome divides longitudinally during division.

Question 10

Centromere

Answer 10

Attachment between 2 chromatids

Question 11

Bivalent

Answer 11

Homologous pairs of sister chromatids associated with each other. Lie side by side. Tetrad

Question 12

Crossing over

Answer 12

Exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during meiosis. Increases genetic variation

Question 13

Synapsis

Answer 13

Formation of a bivalent

Question 14

Gentotype

Answer 14

Genetic composition of an individual

Question 15

Homozygous

Answer 15

Individual with 2 identical copies of the same allele

Question 16

Heterozygous

Answer 16

Individual with 2 different alleles of the same gene

Question 17

Dominant

Answer 17

Displayed trait in a heterozygote

Question 18

Recessive

Answer 18

Masked trait in a heterozygote

Question 19

Monohybrid cross

Answer 19

A cross in which the inheritance of only one trait is followed

Question 20

Dihybrid cross

Answer 20

Cross in which the inheritance of 2 traits is followed

Question 21

Codominance

Answer 21

Phenomenon in which an individual expresses 2 alleles

Question 22

Punnett square

Answer 22

A common method for predicting the outcome of simple genetic crosses

Question 23

Law of segregation

Answer 23

2 alleles of a gene segregate from each other during the process that gives rise to gametes so every gamete receives only one allele

Question 24

Gamete

Answer 24

Haploid cell involved in sexual reproduction. Sperm and eggs

Question 25

Law of independent assortment

Answer 25

Alleles of different genes assort independently during the process that gives rise to gametes

Question 26

Sex linked

Answer 26

Genes found on one sex chromosome but not the other

Question 27

Incomplete dominance

Answer 27

Phenomenon in which a heterozygote exhibits a phenotype that is intermediate between the corresponding homozygous individuals

Question 28

Linkage

Answer 28

Phenomenon that genes close together on the same chromosome are transmitted together

Question 29

Parental gametes

Answer 29

Genes in which crossing over does not occur

Question 30

Recombination

Answer 30

Rearrangement of genetic material especially through crossing over

Question 31

Recombinant gametes

Answer 31

Products of crossing over

Question 32

Particulate inheritance

Answer 32

Idea that determinants of hereditary traits are transmitted in tact from one generation to the next

Question 33

Pleiotropy

Answer 33

The phenomenon in which a mutation of a single gene can have multiple effects on a phenotype

Question 34

Ploidy

Answer 34

Number of sets of chromosomes in a cell

Question 35

Non sister chromatids

Answer 35

Non identical. One strand from mom and one from dad