Shafts, Keyway and Coupling Flashcards
1
Q
A rotating member usually of circular cross-section(solid or hollow) which transmits power and rotational motion
A
SHAFT
2
Q
Machine elements such as gears, pulleys(sheaves), flywheels, clutches, and sproket are mounted on ___ which used to transmit power from the driving device (motor or engine) through a machine
A
SHAFT
3
Q
Machine elements such as … are mounted on the shaft and are used to transmit power from the driving device (motor or engine) through a machine.
A
gears, pulleys (sheaves), flywheels, clutches, and sprockets
4
Q
Driving Device
A
Motor or Engine
5
Q
used to attach these machine elements on the shaft.
A
Press fit, keys, dowel, pins and splines
6
Q
(_), keys, dowel, pins and splines
A
Press fit
7
Q
(_), Press fit, dowel, pins and splines
A
keys
8
Q
Press fit, keys, —–, pins and splines
A
dowel
9
Q
Press fit, keys, dowel _____
A
pins and splines
10
Q
rotates on rolling contact bearings or bush bearings
A
SHAFT
11
Q
The shaft rotates on
(attached and hold by)
A
rolling contact bearings or bush bearings
12
Q
The shaft rotates on rolling contact bearings or …
A
bush bearings
13
Q
The shaft rotates on … or bush bearings
A
rolling contact bearings
14
Q
Various types of retaining rings, thrust bearings, grooves and steps in the shaft are used to take up ______ and locate the rotating elements.
A
Axial Loads
15
Q
used to take up Axial Loads and locate the rotating elements.
A
retaining rings, thrust bearings, grooves and steps
16
Q
Various types of _______, thrust bearings, grooves and steps in the shaft are used to take up ______ and locate the rotating elements.
A
retaining rings, axial load
17
Q
Various types of retaining rings, thrust bearings, grooves and steps in the shaft are used to take up ….
A
axial loads and locate the rotating elements.
18
Q
Various types of ______, thrust bearings, grooves and steps in the shaft are used to take up axial loads and locate the rotating elements.
A
retaining rings
19
Q
Various types of retaining rings, _________, __________ and steps in the shaft are used to take up axial loads and locate the rotating elements.
A
thrust bearings, grooves
20
Q
Various types of retaining rings, thrust bearings, grooves and __________ are used to take up axial loads and locate the rotating elements.
A
steps in the shaft
21
Q
… are used to transmit power from the drive shaft (e.g., motor) to the driven shaft (e.g. gearbox, wheels).
A
Couplings
22
Q
Couplings are used to … from the drive shaft (e.g., motor) to the driven shaft (e.g. gearbox, wheels).
A
transmit power
23
Q
drive shaft
A
Motor
24
Q
driven shaft
A
gearbox, wheels
25
gearbox, wheels
driven shaft
26
Motor
drive shaft
27
AXLE
used for shafts that support rotating elements like wheel, hoisting drum or rope sheave and which is fitted to the housing by means of bearing. It is subjected to bending moment due to transverse loads like bearing reactions and does not transmit any useful torque.
28
used for shafts that support rotating elements like wheel, hoisting drum or rope sheave and which is fitted to the housing by means of bearing. It is subjected to bending moment due to transverse loads like bearing reactions and does not transmit any useful torque.
AXLE
29
used for shafts that support rotating elements like wheel, hoisting drum or rope sheave and which is fitted to the housing by means of bearing.
AXLE
30
It is subjected to bending moment due to transverse loads like bearing reactions and does not transmit any useful torque.
AXLE
31
Axle (it) is subjected to ... due to transverse loads like bearing reactions and does not transmit any useful torque.
bending moment
32
Axle (it) is subjected to bending moment due to ... like bearing reactions and does not transmit any useful torque.
transverse loads
33
Axle (it) is subjected to bending moment due to transverse loads like ... and does not transmit any useful torque.
bearing reactions
34
Axle (It) is subjected to bending moment due to transverse loads like bearing reactions and ...
does not transmit any useful torque.
35
Axle (it) is subjected to bending moment due to transverse loads like ... and does not transmit any ...
bearing reactions, useful torque
36
a short rotating shaft.
SPINDLE
37
It originated from the round tapering stick on the spinning wheel on which the thread is twisted.
SPINDLE
38
are used in all machine tools such as a small drive shaft of lathe or the ... of a drilling machine.
SPINDLE
39
SPINDLE
a short rotating shaft. It originated from the round tapering stick on the spinning wheel on which the thread is twisted. Spindles are used in all machine tools such as a small drive shaft of lathe or the spindle of a drilling machine.
40
(AXLE is) used for shafts that support rotating elements like ... and which is fitted to the housing by means of bearing.
wheel, hoisting drum or rope sheave
41
(AXLE is) used for shafts that support rotating elements like ..., hoisting drum or rope sheave and which is fitted to the housing by means of bearing.
wheel
42
(AXLE is) used for shafts that support rotating elements like wheel, ... or rope sheave and which is fitted to the housing by means of bearing.
hoisting drum
43
(AXLE is) used for shafts that support rotating elements like wheel, hoisting drum or ... and which is fitted to the housing by means of bearing.
rope sheave
44
(AXLE is) used for shafts that support rotating elements like wheel, hoisting drum or rope sheave and which is fitted ...
to the housing by means of bearing.
45
Rotating elements that is used to support by axle
wheel, hoisting drum or rope sheave
46
AXLE, SPINDLE, COUNTERSHAFT, JACKSHAFT, LINE SHAFT
Categories of shafts
47
SPINDLE, COUNTERSHAFT, JACKSHAFT, LINE SHAFT
AXLE
48
AXLE, SPINDLE, COUNTERSHAFT, LINE SHAFT
JACKSHAFT
49
AXLE, SPINDLE, JACKSHAFT, LINE SHAFT
COUNTERSHAFT
50
AXLE, SPINDLE, COUNTERSHAFT, JACKSHAFT
LINE SHAFT
51
SPINDLE, JACKSHAFT
COUNTERSHAFT,LINE SHAFT,AXLE
52
Categories of shafts
AXLE, SPINDLE, COUNTERSHAFT, JACKSHAFT, LINE SHAFT
53
it is a secondary shaft, which is driven by the main shaft and from the power is supplied to a machine component. It is driven by the main shaft by means of a pair of spur or helical gears and the route counter to the direction of the main shaft. It is used for multistage gearboxes
COUNTERSHAFT
54
COUNTERSHAFT
it is a secondary shaft, which is driven by the main shaft and from the power is supplied to a machine component. It is driven by the main shaft by means of a pair of spur or helical gears and the route counter to the direction of the main shaft. It is used for multistage gearboxes
55
it is a secondary shaft, which is driven by the main shaft and from the power is supplied to a machine component.
COUNTERSHAFT
56
It is driven by the main shaft by means of a pair of spur or helical gears and the route counter to the direction of the main shaft.
COUNTERSHAFT
57
(SHAFT) It is used for multistage gearboxes
COUNTERSHAFT
58
it is a secondary shaft
COUNTERSHAFT
59
driven by the main shaft
COUNTERSHAFT
60
it transmit power that is supplied to a machine component.
COUNTERSHAFT
61
(countershaft) it is a secondary shaft ... and from the power is supplied to a machine component.
driven by the main shaft
62
... (SHAFT), which is driven by the main shaft and from the power is supplied to a machine component.
countershaft, secondary shaft
63
it is a secondary shaft, which is driven by the main shaft and from the power is supplied to a ...
machine component.
64
It is driven by the main shaft by means of a pair of spur or helical gears and the route counter to the direction of the main shaft.
Counter shaft
65
(COUNTERSHAFT) it is used for ...
multistage gearboxes
66
(COUNTERSHAFT) it is used for multistage ...
gearboxes
67
(COUNTERSHAFT) it is used for ... gearboxes
multistage
68
It is driven by the main shaft by means of a pair of ... and the route counter to the direction of the main shaft.
spur or helical gears
69
(countershaft) It is driven by the main shaft by means of a pair of ...
spur or helical gears
70
(countershaft) It is driven by the main shaft by means of a pair of spur or ...
helical gears
71
(countershaft) It is driven by the main shaft by means of a pair of helical gears or ...
spur
72
spur or helical gears
drives the countershaft as driven by main shaft
73
JACKSHAFT
it is an auxiliary or intermediate shaft between two shafts that are used in transmission of power. Its function is the same as the countershaft.
74
it is an auxiliary or intermediate shaft between two shafts that are used in transmission of power. Its function is the same as the countershaft.
JACKSHAFT
75
it is an auxiliary or intermediate shaft between two shafts that are used in transmission of power
JACKSHAFT
76
Its function is the same as the countershaft.
JACKSHAFT
77
auxillary or intermidiate shaft
JACKSHAFT
78
JACKSHAFT
an auxillary or intermidiate shaft
79
JACKSHAFT
Its function is the same as the countershaft.
80
JACKSHAFT
it is an auxiliary or intermediate shaft between two shafts that are used in transmission of power
81
LINE SHAFT
... consists of a number of shafts which are connected in axial direction by means of coupling. Line shafts were popular in workshops using group drive. In a group-drive construction, a single electric motor drives the line shaft. Numbers of pulleys are mounted on the line-shaft and power is transmitted to different machines by different belts. Therefore, it is possible to drive a number of machines simultaneously by using a single electric motor. However, in recent lines, individual drive replaced group drive, making line shafts obsolete.
82
consists of a number of shafts which are connected in axial direction by means of coupling. (shaft) were popular in workshops using group drive. In a group-drive construction, a single electric motor drives the (shaft.) Numbers of pulleys are mounted on the (shaft) and power is transmitted to different machines by different belts. Therefore, it is possible to drive a number of machines simultaneously by using a single electric motor. However, in recent lines, individual drive replaced group drive, making (shafts) obsolete.
Line Shaft
83
consists of a number of shafts which are connected in axial direction by means of coupling.
Lineshaft
84
(shaft) were popular in workshops using group drive. In a group-drive construction, a single electric motor drives the ...
Line shaft
85
In a group-drive construction, a single electric motor drives the (shaft.) Numbers of pulleys are mounted on the (shaft) and power is transmitted to different machines by different belts.
Line shaft
86
because of this shaft it is possible to drive a number of machines simultaneously by using a single electric motor. However, in recent lines, individual drive replaced group drive, making (shafts) obsolete.
Lineshaft
87
However, in recent lines, individual drive replaced group drive, making (shafts) obsolete.
Lineshaft
88
replaced group drive
individual drive
89
Line shaft is obsolete as
individual drive replaced group drive
90
a single electric motor drives the (shaft.) Numbers of pulleys are mounted on the (shaft) and power is transmitted to different machines by different belts.
Group drive
91
Properties of Material Used for Shafts
High Strength, Good Machinability, Low notch sensitivity factor, good heat treatment properties, high wear resistant properties,
92
..., Good Machinability, Low notch sensitivity factor, good heat treatment properties, high wear resistant properties,
High Strength
93
High Strength, Low notch sensitivity factor, good heat treatment properties, high wear resistant properties,
Good Machinability
94
High Strength, Good Machinability, ... , good heat treatment properties, high wear resistant properties,
Low notch sensitivity factor
95
High Strength, Good Machinability, Low notch sensitivity factor, ... , high wear resistant properties,
good heat treatment properties
96
High Strength, Good Machinability, Low notch sensitivity factor, good heat treatment properties ...
high wear resistant properties
97
High Strength, Good Machinability, good heat treatment properties,
Low notch sensitivity factor,high wear resistant properties
98
High Strength, Good Machinability, Low notch sensitivity factor
good heat treatment properties, high wear resistant properties
99
High Strength, Good Machinability,high wear resistant properties
Low notch sensitivity factor, good heat treatment properties,
100
High Strength, good heat treatment properties, high wear resistant properties,
Good Machinability, Low notch sensitivity factor
101
Standard sizes of shaft
25 mm to 60 mm with 5 mm step
60 mm to 110 mm with 10 mm steps
110 mm to 140 mm with 15 mm steps
140 mm to 500 mm with 20 mm steps.
102
Standard length of Shaft
5 m, 6 m and 8 m.
103
Stresses in Shafts
Shear stresses (torsional load)
Bending Stresses (tensile and compressive)
Combination of shear and bending
104
Manufacturing of Shafts
Shafts are generally manufactured by hot rolling and finished to size by cold drawing or turning and grinding. The cold rolled shafts are stronger than hot rolled shafts but with higher residual stresses. The residual stresses may cause distortion of the shaft when it is machined, especially when slots or keyways are cut. Shafts of larger diameter are usually forged and turned to size in a lathe.
105
stronger but with higher residual stresses.
cold rolled shafts compared to hot rolled shafts
106
in manufacturing shafts, The residual stresses may cause ...
distortions in the shaft when machined, especially when slots or keyways are cut
107
what special cases that risidual stress can cause distortions to shaft while being machined?
adding slots or keyway
108
Shafts of larger diameter can manufactured through?
forging and turned to size in a lathe.
109
2 ways to finish manufacturing shafts
cold drawing or turning and grinding
110
General manufacturing process of shaft prior to finish
hot rolling
111
Types of shafts
Transmission shafts and Machine shafts
112
Transmission shafts and Machine shafts
Types of shafts
113
These shafts transmit power between the source and the machines absorbing power.
Transmission shafts
114
The counter shafts, line shafts, overhead shafts and all factory shafts are all ??
Transmission shafts
115
transmission shafts are subjected to what stresses?
bending in addition to twisting.
116
what does the transmission shaft carry and mounted with?
gear, pulley(sheaves), flywheel, clutches or sprocket
117
These shafts form an integral part of the machine itself.
Machine Shaft
118
Crankshaft is an example of
Machine Shaft
119
Design of Shafts
Basis
Strength, Rigidity and stiffness
Shaft subject to :
-twisting and torque only
-bending moment only
-combined twisting and bending moments
-axial load in adition to combined torsional and bending load
120
(what shafts?), the combined shock and fatigue factors must be taken into account for the computed twisting moment (T ) and bending moment (M ).
Line and countershafts
121
Design on basis of rigidity
Torsional rigidity and Lateral Rigidity
122
is important in the case of camshaft of an I.C. engine where the timing of the valves would be affected.
Torsional Rigidity
123
The permissible amount of twist should not exceed 0.25° per meter length of such shafts
Torsional Rigidity
124
deflections 2.5 to 3 degree per meter length may be used as limiting value.
For line shafts or transmission shafts
125
Standard limitation of deflection
1 degree in a length equal to twenty times the diameter of the shaft.
126
Deflection in shaft is countered by what property?
Torsional rigidity
127
It is important in case of transmission shafting and shafts running at high speed, where small lateral deflection would cause huge out-of-balance forces.
Lateral Rigidity
128
is also important for maintaining proper bearing clearances and for correct gear teeth alignment.
Lateral Rigidity
129
If the shaft is of uniform cross-section
then the lateral deflection of a shaft may be obtained by using the deflection formulae as in Strength of Materials.
130
can be defined as a machine element, which is used to connect the transmission shaft to rotating machine elements like pulley, gear, sprocket or flywheel.
KEY
131
consisting of shaft, hub and key.
Key Joint
132
Two functions of a key
Transmit torque from shaft to hub of mating element and vice versa
Prevent Relative motion between shaft and and the joined machine element such as gear and pulley. Also prevents axial motion except feather key or splined connection.
133
recess or slot machines either in the shaft or in the hub to accommodate the key is called
Keyway
134
Keyway
recess or slot machines either in the shaft or in the hub to accommodate the key is called
135
Usual cutting tool for keyway
Horizontal and Vertical milling cutters
136
Main drawback of keyed joint
keyway results in stress concentration in the shaft and the part becomes weak.
137
Keys are made of
plain carbon steels such as 45C8 and 50C8
138
what are the materials used in keys and why they are chosen?
Plain carbon steel such as 45C8 and 50C8 because they can withstand shear and compressive stress resulting from transmission of torque
139
Classification of Keys
Saddle and Sunk Key, Square and Flat key, Taper or Parallel key, Key with and without gib-head, Woodruff key
Kennedy Key
Feather key
140
Saddle and Sunk Key, Square and Flat key, Taper or Parallel key, Key with and without gib-head, Woodruff key
Kennedy Key
Feather key
Classification of Keys
141
fits in keyway of the hub only (no keyway on the shaft)
Saddle key and sunk key
142
Saddle key and sunk key
fits in keyway of the hub only (no keyway on the shaft)
143
half of the thickness of key fits into the keyway of the shaft
Square key and flat key
144
Square key and flat key
half of the thickness of key fits into the keyway of the shaft
145
is a sunk key in the form of almost semicircular disk
Woodruff key
146
Woodruff key
is a sunk key in the form of almost semicircular disk
147
is a parallel key, which is fixed either to the shaft or to the hub
Feather key
148
Feather key
is a parallel key, which is fixed either to the shaft or to the hub
149
Keys are tapered and driven tightly; for heavy duty service
Kennedy Keys
150
Kennedy Keys
Keys are tapered and driven tightly; for heavy duty service
151
Widely used in automotive and machine tool industry
Woodruff key
152
Selection type of key for given application depends on the following factors
Power to be transmitted
Tightness of the fit
Stability of the connection
Cost
153
Power to be transmitted
Tightness of the fit
Stability of the connection
Cost
Selection type of key for given application depends on the following factors
154
COUPLINGS
A mechanical device that permanently joints two rotating shafts to each other. The shafts that are connected by the coupling can be disengaged only after dismantling the coupling. Two main application of couplings:
Joining of shafts of two separately built or purchased units so that the new machine can be formed. For example, a coupling is used to join the shaft of an electric motor to the input shaft of a hydraulic pump.
The maximum feasible length of one-piece shaft depends upon handling facilities, presses and machine tools. Couplings are used to make long line shafts by joining individual shafts.
Besides these, couplings are also used to join shafts at angles, to compensate for misalignment between shafts, to prevent the transmissions of overload torque and to alter vibration characteristics of the drive.
155
A mechanical device that permanently joints two rotating shafts to each other wherein The shafts that are connected by it
Coupling
156
Applications of coupling
Joining of shaft of two separeately built or purchased unit so ne machine can be formed.
Making long line shaft by joining individual shaft.
Joining shafts at angles
Compensate for misalignment between shaft.
Prevent transmission overload torque
alter vibration characteristics of the drive.
157
Requirement for good coupling
easy to connect and disconnect.
transmit the full power from one shaft to another.
hold shaft in perfect alignment.
reduce transmission of shock load from one shaft to another.
no projecting parts
158
Types of misallignment
Axial misalignment - off distance
Radial misalignment - off centered but at the same plane
Angular misalignment- can be either not co axis nor co planar
159
Rigid coupling
connects two shafts which are perfectly alligned. (axial misallignement correction)
160
Types of Rigid coupling
Sleeve and Muff coupling
Clamp/ split-muff or compression coupling
Flange coupling
161
connects two shafts having both lateral and angular misalignment
Flexible coupling
162
Types of Flexible coupling
Bushed type coupling
Universal coupling
Oldham coupling
163
A process by which shafts are manufactured
Hot rolling
164
May cause distortion to the shaft when machined, especially when keyways and slots are cut
residual stress
165
