shapes of muscles

Question 1

flat muscles

Answer 1

parallel fibers, often have aponeurosis

Question 2

example of flat muscle

Answer 2

sartorius

Question 3

pennate muscle

Answer 3

feather like in arrangement of their fascicles

Question 4

example of unipennate

Answer 4

extensor digitorum longus

Question 5

example of bipennate

Answer 5

rectus femoris

Question 6

example of multipennate

Answer 6

deltoid

Question 7

fusiform muscles

Answer 7

spindle shaped, round, thick belly, tapered ends

Question 8

example of fusiform

Answer 8

biceps brachii

Question 9

convergent

Answer 9

broad area to a single tendom

Question 10

example of convergent

Answer 10

pectoralis major

Question 11

quadrate muscle

Answer 11

4 equal sides

Question 12

quadrate example

Answer 12

rectus abdominis

Question 13

circular or sphincter muscles

Answer 13

surround a body opening or orifice, constrict when contracted

Question 14

circular example

Answer 14

orbicualris oculi

Question 15

multiheaded or multibellied

Answer 15

more than one head of attachment, more than one contractile body

Question 16

multiheaded example

Answer 16

biceps brachii have 2 attachments
tricepts have 3 attachments

Question 17

multibellied example

Answer 17

gastroc has 2 bellies

Question 18

reflexive contraction

Answer 18

certain aspects of activity may be considered atomatice

Question 19

reflexive example

Answer 19

respiratory movements of diaphragm
myotactic reflex - hammer knee kick- movement after muslce stretch

Question 20

tonic contraction

Answer 20

“relaxed” muscle tone, gives muscle a readiness for action

Question 21

phasic contraction

Answer 21

active muscle contraction - isotonic and isometric

Question 22

isotonic

Answer 22

muscle changes length in relationship to the production of movement

Question 23

isometric

Answer 23

muscle length remains the same, no movement occurs, tension is increased

Question 24

isometric example

Answer 24

posture

Question 25

2 types of isotonic contraction

Answer 25

concentric and eccentric

Question 26

concentric

Answer 26

movement occurs as a result of muscle shortening, ability to apply exceptional force

Question 27

concentric example

Answer 27

lifting a cup, pushing a door

Question 28

eccentric contraction

Answer 28

contracting muscle lengthens, undergoes controlled and gradual relaxation while continuously administering a force

Question 29

eccentric example

Answer 29

walking, running, setting objects down

Question 30

prime mover (agonist)

Answer 30

main muscle responsible for producing specific movement, contracts concentrically, doing most of the work

Question 31

fixator

Answer 31

steadies the proximal parts of a limb through isometric contraction --> movement occurs at the distal part

Question 32

synergist

Answer 32

complements the action of a prime mover, providing a weaker or less mechanically advantaged component of same movement

Question 33

antagonist

Answer 33

opposes the action of another muscle

Question 34

shunt muscle

Answer 34

when a muscles pull is exerted along a line that parallels the axis of the bones to which it is attached acts to maintain contact between the articular sruface of joint it crosses

Question 35

shunt muscle example

Answer 35

arms at side-- deltoid

Question 36

spurt muscle

Answer 36

the more oblique a muscle's line of pull is oriented to the bone it moves, more capable of rapid and effective movement

Question 37

spurt muscle example

Answer 37

biceps brachii in flexed elbow