Shedules of Reinforcement

Question 1

Schedules of reinforcement

Answer 1

The rule describing the delivery of reinforcers for a behaviour

Question 2

Schedule effects

Answer 2

Distinctive rate and patterns of behaviour associated with a particular reinforcement schedule

Question 3

Continuous reinforcement

Answer 3

Reinforcement every time

Question 4

Fixed ratio of reinforcement (FR)

Answer 4

For every fixed number of times, a behaviour occurs a reinforcer is given.

Question 5

Intermittent schedule

Answer 5

When reinforcement happens on some occasions but not others

Question 6

FR 3 schedule

Answer 6

Reinforcement every 3 times a behaviour occurs

Question 7

Post-reinforcement pauses
Pre-ratio pauses
Between-ratio pauses

Answer 7

A pause in responding following reinforcement; associated primarily with FR schedules

Question 8

Run rate

Answer 8

The rate at which behaviour occurs

Question 9

Variable ratio or VR schedule

Answer 9

The average of reinforcement given might be 5 (VR 5) which means it might be given after 3 behaviours, then after 2, then after 7.
Slot machines operate on VR schedules

Question 10

Fixed interval schedules (FI)

Answer 10

Reinforcement is dependent on the behaviour occurring after a given period since the last reinforcer was given

Question 11

Variable interval schedules

Answer 11

Reinforcement is given on average. Might be after 2 seconds, after 8 seconds or after 4 seconds since last reinforcer was given.

Question 12

Extinction

Answer 12

To reduce a behaviour by no longer giving reinforcement

Question 13

Extinction burst

Answer 13

When the reinforcer stops and the subject starts doing the behaviour more often to try and get the reinforcer back.

Question 14

Resurgence

Answer 14

When a reinforcement stops for behaviour X the subject might take up behaviour G, which is has previously been given reinforcements for.

Question 15

Fixed duration schedule

Answer 15

The behaviour needs to be present for a fixed duration of time before reinforcement is given.
If you sit still for 30 minutes you get an ice cream

Question 16

Variable duration schedule

Answer 16

The average of time before a reinforcement is given.

Question 17

Noncontingent reinforcement schedules

Answer 17

Reinforcers are given on either a fixed time or variable time schedule regardless of behaviour.

Question 18

Progressive schedules

Answer 18

The requirements progressively increase systematically

Question 19

Progressive ratio schedule

Answer 19

Reinforcement is given after one push, then after 2 pushes, then after 6, then 8 and so forth.

Question 20

Breaking point

Answer 20

When the progressive ratio schedule requires too big of a gap between reinforcers that behaviour stops.

Question 21

Stretching the ratio

Answer 21

In progressive ratio scheduling, the researcher slowly increases the number of behaviours needed before a reinforcer is given.

Question 22

Multiple schedules

Answer 22

There are multiple schedules used and there is some kind of indicator of what schedule is occurring at all times.

Question 23

Mixed schedule

Answer 23

There are multiple schedules used but there is no indicator of what schedule is occurring.

Question 24

Chain schedule

Answer 24

A compound reinforcement schedule that consists of a series of simple schedules, each of which is associated with a particular stimulus, with reinforcement delivered only on completion of the last schedule in the series.

Question 25

Compound schedules

Answer 25

Complex schedules of reinforcement

Question 26

Cooperative schedules

Answer 26

When reinforcement is dependent on two or more individuals

Question 27

Concurrent schedules

Answer 27

When two or more schedules are available at the same time. Example: both FR 5 and FI 10

Question 28

Partial reinforcement effect

Answer 28

The tendency of a behaviour to be more resistant to extinction following intermittent reinforcement than following continuous reinforcement

Question 29

Discrimination hypothesis

Answer 29

The idea that the partial reinforcement effect occurs because it is harder to discriminate between intermittent reinforcement and extinction than between continuous reinforcement and extinction

Question 30

Frustration hypothesis

Answer 30

The idea that the partial reinforcement effect occurs because nonreinforcement is frustrating and during intermittent reinforcement responding while frustrated is reinforced, so frustration becomes a signal for responding

Question 31

Sequential hypothesis

Answer 31

The idea that the partial reinforcement effect occurs because the sequence of reinforced and nonreinforced behaviours during intermittent reinforcement becomes a signal for responding during extinction

Question 32

Response unit hypothesis

Answer 32

The idea that the partial reinforcement effect is due to differences in the definition of a behaviour during intermittent and continuous reinforcement

Question 33

Matching law

Answer 33

The principle that, given the opportunity to respond on two or more reinforcement schedules, the rate of responding on each schedule will match the reinforcement available on each schedule.