sheepbrain

Question 1

CN1 Olfactory Nerve

Answer 1

s-Carries olfactory (smell) information

Question 2

CNII- Optic Nerve,

Answer 2

s-Carries visual information.

Question 3

CNIII- Oculomotor Nerve

Answer 3

M- Controls eye movement (extraocular muscles) and pupil constriction.

Question 4

CNIV- Trochlear Nerve

Answer 4

M- Controls eye movement (superior oblique muscle to turn eye downward and laterally)

Question 5

CNV- Trigeminal Nerve

Answer 5

MX- Carries sensory info from head including skin, muscle, bones, teeth. Motor branches control
biting and chewing

Question 6

CNVI- Abducens Nerve

Answer 6

M- Controls eye movement (abducts the eye away from midline).

Question 7

CNVII- Facial Nerve,

Answer 7

MX- Carries sensory info (taste) from tongue (anterior). Motor control for facial expressions, salivary
glands, tear ducts.

Question 8

CNVIII- Vestibulocochlear Nerve

Answer 8

S- Carries auditory information from cochlea, and proprioceptive and balance info from
vestibular system

Question 9

CNIX- Glossopharyngeal Nerve

Answer 9

MX- Sensory info (taste) from tongue (posterior), other sensory info from pharynx.
Motor control for swallowing and salivation.

Question 10

CNX- Vagus Nerve

Answer 10

MX- Sensory and motor innervation of viscera and internal organs (heart, lungs, stomach, etc.). Some
sensory/motor innervation of pharynx, palate, etc.

Question 11

CNXI- Spinal Accessory Nerve

Answer 11

M- Controls muscles of the neck and shoulders

Question 12

CNXII- Hypoglossal Nerve,

Answer 12

M- Controls muscles of the tongue.

Question 13

Pyriform lobe

Answer 13

Olfactory cortex and processing of smell (temporal lobe/insula in humans).

Question 14

Occipital lobe

Answer 14

Visual cortex and processing.

Question 15

Temporal lobe

Answer 15

Includes auditory cortex, part of posterior language cortex, some visual and higher-order association
cortex, the amygdala (limbic/emotion), the hippocampus (learning and memory).

Question 16

Parietal lobe

Answer 16

Contains somatosensory cortex, involved in language comprehension (usually left side), and involved in
complex aspects of spatial orientation/awareness and perception.

Question 17

Frontal lobe-

Answer 17

Includes motor regions that are involved in voluntary movement. Also, includes prefrontal and orbital
regions which connect w/ all other lobes and the limbic system, are important in working memory, emotional regulation,
prioritizing bodily/environmental demands, and goal-directed activity.

Question 18

Cerebellum

Answer 18

“Little brain”; receives inputs from sensory systems, participates in planning and coordination of
movement, fine motor control.

Question 19

Cerebellar Vermis

Answer 19

regulation of muscle tone for posture and locomotion

Question 20

Cerebellar Hemispheres

Answer 20

motor planning and coordination of limbs.

Question 21

Cerebrospinal Fluid

Answer 21

• Clear, colorless fluid that fills ventricles and subarachnoid space. Produced by the choroid plexus of
  the lateral, 3rd, and 4th ventricles. Cushion for trauma, nourishes and removes waste.

Question 22

Meninges

Answer 22

CNS protection, support, stability, contains layer of CSF in subarachnoid space

Question 23

Dura Mater

Answer 23

attached to inside of skull (suspends spinal cord), outermost layer, tough and inelastic. Innervated
(pain-sensitive) and vascularized.

Question 24

Arachnoid Mater

Answer 24

prevents diffusion between subarachnoid space and extracellular fluids of dura mater.
Contributes to the mechanical suspension of the CNS within subarachnoid space.

Question 25

Pia Mater

Answer 25

Innermost and thinnest, attached to CNS surface and connected to arachnoid mater by strands of collagenous connective tissue (trabeculae). Vascularized.

Question 26

Hypothalamus

Answer 26

- Homeostasis region. Plays a major role in hormone release and orchestrating visceral and drive-related activities: hunger, thirst, circadian rhythms, sexual behavior, parental behavior, etc.

Question 27

Midbrain

Answer 27

Motor control, regulation of sleep/wake and arousal, temperature regulation, visual and auditory processing.

Question 28

MB- Superior Colliculus

Answer 28

receives afferents from the retina and visual cortex, sends efferents to thalamus and plays a role in directing visual attention and controlling eye movements.

Question 29

MB- Inferior Colliculus

Answer 29

receives auditory info from ears and sends efferents to thalamus.

Question 30

Pons

Answer 30

Involved in control of autonomic functions (e.g. breathing movements), regulation of states of attentiveness, arousal, and sleep. The pons looks like a bridge (for which it was named) between the two cerebellar hemispheres, but in fact it is a key link between the cerebrum and cerebellum

Question 31

Medulla

Answer 31

- This structure is crucial to vital functions (respiratory, cardiovascular, visceral activity) and other integrative activities.

Question 32

Thalamus

Answer 32

An assortment of nuclei that relay sensory information to higher brain structures/cerebral cortex

Question 33

Ventricles

Answer 33

Circulate cerebrospinal fluid throughout the brain. Choroid plexus = brown/pink, spongy material inside lateral ventricles that produces the CSF. Order: 2x lateral ventricles → 3 rd ventricle → cerebral aqueduct → 4 th ventricle → central canal of spinal cord.

Question 34

Corpus Callosum

Answer 34

Sheet of fibers (white matter) carrying information between the right and left hemispheres.

Question 35

Pineal Body

Answer 35

Produces melatonin to regulate circadian rhythms.

Question 36

Septum Pellucidum

Answer 36

A thin, chiefly glial, almost transparent membrane separating the two lateral ventricles.

Question 37

Caudate Nucleus

Answer 37

Involved in production of voluntary motor movement.

Question 38

Hippocampus

Answer 38

A specialized cortical area rolled into the temporal lobe. Plays a critical role in learning and the consolidation of new memories.

Question 39

Cerebral aqueduct

Answer 39

channel that connects the third ventricle with the fourth ventricle and allows cerebrospinal fluid to pass between them.

Question 40

Medulla

Answer 40

autonomic (involuntary) functions

Question 41

Choroid Plexus

Answer 41

produces the cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricles of the brain