Sheet-2 Flashcards
(300 cards)
1
Q
Opioid that can be given PO, by epidural, and IV, which helps to relieve the dyspnea of pulmonary edema
A
Morphine
2
Q
Use of this opioid with MAOI can lead to hyperpyrexic coma, and with SSRI’s can lead to serotonin syndrome
A
Meperidine
3
Q
Moderate opioid agonists
A
Codeine, hydrocodone, and oxycodone
4
Q
Weak opioid agonist, poor analgesic, its overdose can cause severe toxicity including respiratory depression, circulatory collapse, pulmonary edema, and seizures
A
Propoxyphene
5
Q
Partial opioid agonist, considered a strong analgesic, has a long duration of action and is resistant to naloxone reversal
A
Buprenorphine
6
Q
Opioid antagonist that is given IV and had short DOA
A
Naloxone
7
Q
Opioid antagonist that is given orally in alcohol dependency programs
A
Naltrexone
8
Q
These agents are used as antitussive
A
Dextromethorphan, Codeine
9
Q
These agents are used as antidiarrheal
A
Diphenoxylate, Loperamide
10
Q
Inhalant anesthetics
A
NO, chloroform, and diethyl ether
11
Q
Toxic to the liver, kidney, lungs, bone marrow, peripheral nerves, and cause brain damage in animals, sudden death has occurred following inhalation
A
Fluorocarbons and Industrial solvents
12
Q
Cause dizziness, tachycardia, hypotension, and flushing
A
Organic nitrites
13
Q
Causes acne, premature closure of epiphyses, masculinization in females, hepatic dysfunction, MI, and increases in libido and aggression
A
Steroids
14
Q
Readily detected markers that may assist in diagnosis of the cause of a drug overdose include
A
Changes in heart rate, blood pressure, respiration, body temperature, sweating, bowel signs, and pupillary responses
15
Q
Most commonly abused in health care professionals
A
Heroin, morphine, oxycodone, meperidine and fentanyl
16
Q
This route is associated with rapid tolerance and psychologic dependence
A
IV administration
17
Q
Leads to respiratory depression progressing to coma and death
A
Overdose of opioids
18
Q
Lacrimation, rhinorrhea, yawning, sweating, weakness, gooseflesh, nausea, and vomiting, tremor, muscle jerks, and hyperpnea are signs of this syndrome
A
Abstinence syndrome
19
Q
Treatment for opioid addiction
A
Methadone, followed by slow dose reduction
20
Q
This agent may cause more severe, rapid and intense symptoms to a recovering addict
A
Naloxone
21
Q
Sedative-Hypnotics action
A
Reduce inhibition, suppress anxiety, and produce relaxation
22
Q
Additive effects when Sedative-Hypnotics used in combination with these agents
A
CNS depressants
23
Q
Common mechanism by which overdose result in death
A
Depression of medullary and cardiovascular centers
24
Q
Date rape drug
A
Flunitrazepam (rohypnol)
25
The most important sign of withdrawal syndrome
Excessive CNS stimulation (seizures)
26
Treatment of withdrawal syndrome involves
Long-acting sedative-hypnotic or a gradual reduction of dose, clonidine or propranolol
27
These agents are CNS depressants
Ethanol, Barbiturates, and Benzodiazepines
28
Withdrawal from this drug causes lethargy, irritability, and headache
Caffeine
29
W/D from this drug causes anxiety and mental discomfort
Nicotine
30
Treatments available for nicotine addiction
Patches, gum, nasal spray, psychotherapy, and bupropion
31
Chronic high dose abuse of nicotine leads to
Psychotic state, overdose causes agitation, restlessness, tachycardia, hyperthermia, hyperreflexia, and seizures
32
Tolerance is marked and abstinence syndrome occurs
Amphetamines
33
Amphetamine agents
Dextroamphetamines and methamphetamine
34
These agents are congeners of Amphetamine
DOM, STP, MDA, and MDMA "ecstasy"
35
Overdoses of this agent with powerful vasoconstrictive action may result in fatalities from arrhythmias, seizures, respiratory depression, or severe HTN (MI and stroke)
Cocaine "super-speed"
36
Most dangerous of the currently popular hallucinogenic drugs, OD leads to nystagmus, marked hypertension, and seizures, presence of both horizontal and vertical nystagmus is pathognomonic
PCP
37
Removal of PCP may be aided
Urinary acidification and activated charcoal or continual nasogastric suction
38
THC is active ingredient, SE's include impairment of judgment, and reflexes, decreases in blood pressure and psychomotor performance occur
Marijuana
39
This agent has greater affinity for muscarinic receptors and used for postoperative and neurogenic ileus and urinary retention
Bethanechol
40
Only direct acting agent that is very lipid soluble and used in glaucoma
Pilocarpine
41
This agent used to treat dry mouth in Sjögren's syndrome
Cevimeline
42
Indirect-Acting ACh Agonist, alcohol, short DOA and used in diagnosis of myasthenia gravis
Edrophonium
43
Carbamate with intermediate action, used for+A1170 postoperative and neurogenic ileus and urinary retention
Neostigmine
44
Treatment of atropine overdose and glaucoma (because lipid soluable). Enters the CNS rapidly and has a stimulant effect, which may lead to convulsions
Physostigmine
45
Treatment of myasthenia gravis
Pyridostigmine
46
Antiglaucoma organophosphate
Echothiophate
47
Associated with an increased incidence of cataracts in patients treated for glaucoma
Long acting cholinesterase inhibitors
48
Scabicide organophosphate
Malathion
49
Organophosphate anthelmintic agent with long DOA
Metrifonate
50
Toxicity of organophosphate:
DUMBELSS (diarrhea, urination, miosis, bronchoconstriction, excitation of skeletal muscle and CNS, lacrimation, salivation, and sweating)
51
The most frequent cause of acute deaths in cholinesterase inhibitor toxicity
Respiratory failure
52
The most toxic organophosphate
Parathion
53
Treatment of choice for organophosphate overdose
Atropine
54
This agent regenerates active cholinesterase and is a chemical antagonist used to treat organophosphate exposure
Pralidoxime
55
Prototypical drug is atropine
Nonselective Muscarinic Antagonists
56
Treat manifestations of Parkinson's disease and EPS
Benztropine, trihexyphenidyl
57
Treatment of motion sickness
Scopolamine, meclizine
58
Produce mydriasis and cycloplegia
Atropine, homatropine,C1208 tropicamide
59
Bronchodilation in asthma and COPD
Ipratropium
60
Reduce transient hyper GI motility
Dicyclomine, methscopolamine
61
Cystitis, postoperative bladder spasms, or incontinence
Oxybutynin, dicyclomine
62
Toxicity of anticholinergics
block SLUD (salivation, lacrimation, urination, defecation
63
Another pneumonic for anticholinergic toxicity
dry as a bone, red as a beet, mad as a hatter, hot as a hare, blind as a bat
64
Atropine fever is the most dangerous effect and can be lethal in this population group
Infants
65
Contraindications to use of atropine
Infants, closed angle glaucoma, prostatic hypertrophy
66
Limiting adverse effect of ganglion blockade that patients usually are unable to tolerate
Severe hypertension
67
Reversal of blockade by neuromuscular blockers
Cholinesterase inhibitors
68
Tubocurarine is the prototype, pancuronium, atracurium, vecuronium are newer short acting agent, produce competitive block at end plate nicotinic receptor, causing flaccid paralysis
Nondepolarizing Neuromuscular Blockers
69
Only member of depolarizing neuromuscular blocker, causes fasciculation during induction and muscle pain after use; has short duration of action
Succinylcholine
70
Chemical antagonists that bind to the inhibitor of ACh Estrace and displace the enzyme (if aging has not occurred)
Cholinesterase regenerators, pralidoxime
71
Used to treat patients exposed to insecticides such as parathion
Pralidoxime, atropine
72
Pneumonic for beta receptors
You have 1 heart (Beta 1) and 2 lungs (Beta 2)
73
This is the drug of choice for anaphylactic shock
Epinephrine
74
Phenylisopropylamines that are used legitimately and abused for narcolepsy, attention deficit disorder, and weight reduction
Amphetamines
75
Alpha agonist used to produce mydriasis and reduce conjunctival itching and congestion caused by irritation or allergy, it does not cause cycloplegia
Phenylephrine
76
Newer alpha 2 agonist (apraclonidine and brimonidine) treat glaucoma by acting to
Reduce aqueous secretion
77
Short acting Beta 2 agonists that is drug of choice in treatment of acute asthma but not recommended for prophylaxis
Albuterol
78
Longer acting Beta 2 agonist is recommended for prophylaxis of asthma
Salmeterol
79
These agents increase cardiac output and may be beneficial in treatment of acute heart failure and some types of shock
Beta1 agonists
80
These agents decrease blood flow or increase blood pressure, are local decongestants, and used in therapy of spinal shock (temporary maintenance of blood pressure which may help maintain perfusion
Alpha1 agonists
81
Shock due to septicemia or myocardial infarction is made worse by
Increasing afterload and tissue perfusion declines
82
Epinephrine is often mixed with a local anesthetic to
Reduce the loss from area of injection
83
Chronic orthostatic hypotension can be treated with
Midodrine
84
Beta 2 agonist used to suppress premature labor, but cardiac stimulatory effects may be hazardous to mother and fetus
Terbutaline
85
Sympathetic agent which stimulates heart rate and can dilate vessels in skeletal muscle at low doses
Epinephrine
86
Mast cells to reduce release of hisamine and inflammatory mediators
Epinephrine
87
Agent used in shock because it dilates coronary arteries and increases renal blood flow
Dopamine
88
Agent which stimulates cardiac contractile force more than rate with little effect on total peripheral resistance
Dobutamine
89
Long acting sympathomimetic, sometimes used to improve urinary continence in children and elderly with enuresis
Ephedrine
90
Alpha 1 agonist toxicity
Hypertension
91
Beta 1 agonist toxicity
Sinus tachycardia and serious arrhythmias
92
Beta 2 agonist toxicity
Skeletal muscle tremor, tachycardia
93
The selective agents loose their selectivity at
high doses
94
Nonselective alpha-blocking drug, long acting and irreversible, and used to treat pheochromocytoma. Blocks 5-HT, so occasionaly used for carcinoid tumor. Blocks H1 and used in mastocytosis
Phenoxybenzamine
95
Nonselective alpha-blocking drug, short acting and reversible, used for rebound HTN from rapid clonidine withdrawal, and Raynaud's phenomena
Phentolamine
96
Selective Alpha 1 blocker used for hypertension, BPH, may cause first dose orthostatic hypotension
Prazosin, terazosin, doxazosin
97
Selective Alpha-1A blocker, used for BPH, but with little effect on HTN
Tamsulosin
98
Selective Alpha 2 blocker used for impotence (controversial effectiveness)
Yohimbine
99
SelectiveB1 Receptor blockers that may be useful in treating patients even though they have asthma
Acebutolol, atenolol, esmolol, metoprolol
100
Combined alpha and beta blocking agents that may have application in treatment of CHF
Labetalol and carvedilol
101
Beta blockers partial agonist activity (intrinsic sympathomimetic activity) cause some bronchodilation and may have an advantage in treating patients with asthma
Pindolol and acebutolol
102
This beta blocker lacks local anesthetic activity (a property which decreases protective reflexes and increases the risk of corneal ulceration) and used in treating glaucoma
Timolol
103
This parenteral beta blocker is a short acting (minutes)
Esmolol
104
This beta blocker is the longest acting
Nadolol
105
These beta blockers are less lipid soluble
Acebutolol and atenolol
106
This beta blocker is highly lipid soluble and may account for side effects such as nightmares
Propranolol
107
Clinical uses of these agents include treatment of HTN, angina, arrhythmias, chronic CHF, and selected post MI patients
Beta blockers
108
Toxicity of these agents include bradycardia, AV blockade, exacerbation of acute CHF; signs of hypoglycemia may be masked (tachycardia, tremor, and anxiety)
Beta blockers
109
Cholinomimetics that increase outflow, open trabecular meshwork, and cause ciliary muscle contraction
Pilocarpine, carbachol, physostigmine
110
Nonselective alpha agonists that increases outflow, probably via the uveoscleral veins
Epinephrine, dipivefrin
111
Selective alpha agonists that decreases aqueous secretion
Apraclonidine, brimonidine
112
These Beta blockers decrease aqueous secretion
Timolol (nonselective), betaxolol (selective)
113
This diuretic decreases aqueous secretion due to lack of HCO3- ion. Causes drowsiness and paresthesias, alkalinization of the urine may precipitate calcium salts, hypokalemia, acidosis
Acetazolamide
114
This agent cause increased aqueous outflow
Prostaglandin PGF2a
115
Inhibit angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)
ACE inhibitors
116
Captopril and enalapril (-OPRIL ending) are
ACE inhibitors
117
SE of ACE inhibitors
Dry cough, hyperkalemia
118
ACE inhibitors are contraindicated in
pregnancy and with K+
119
Losartan and valsartan block
Angiotensin receptor
120
Angiotensin receptor blockers do NOT cause
Dry cough
121
Agents that block L-type calcium channel
Calcium channel blockers
122
CCB contraindicated in CHF
Verapamil
123
CCB with predominate effect on arteriole dilation
Nifedipine
124
SE of CCB
Constipation, edema, and headache
125
Agents that reduce heart rate, contractility, and O2 demand
Beta-blockers
126
B-blockers that are more cardioselective
Beta-1 selective blockers
127
Cardioselective Beta 1-blockers
Atenolol, acebutolol, and metoprolol
128
Beta-blockers should be used cautiously in
Asthma (bronchospastic effects), diabetes (block signs of hypoglycemia) and peripheral vascular disease
129
Non-selective Beta-blocker also used for migraine prophylaxis
Propranolol
130
SE of beta blockers
Bradycardia, SEXUAL DYSFUNCTION, decrease in HDL, and increase in Triglycerols (TG)
131
Alpha 1selective blockers
Prazosin, terazosin and doxazosin (-AZOSIN ending)
132
Non-selective Alpha1blockers use to treat pheochromocytoma
Phenoxybenzamine
133
For rebound HTN from rapid clonidine withdrawal
Phentolamine
134
A1a-selective blocker with no effects on HTN used for BPH
Tamsulosin (Flomax)
135
SE of alpha blockers
Orthostatic hypotension (especially with first dose) and reflex tachycardia
136
Presynaptic Alpha 2 agonist used in HTN, and acts centrally
Clonidine, and methyldopa
137
SE of methyldopa
Positive Comb's test, depression
138
Methyldopa is contraindicated in
Geriatrics due to its CNS (depression) effects
139
SE of clonidine
Rebound HTN, sedation, dry mouth
140
Direct vasodilator of arteriolar smooth muscle
Hydralazine
141
SE of hydralazine
Lupus-like syndrome
142
Arterial vasodilator that works by opening K+ channels
Minoxidil
143
SE of minoxidil
Hypertrichosis
144
IV Drug used Hypertensive Crisis
Nitroprusside
145
Nitroprusside vasodilates
Arteries and veins
146
Toxicity caused by nitroprusside and treatment
Cyanide toxicity treated with sodium thiosulfate
147
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor
Acetazolamide
148
Diuretic used for mountain sickness and glaucoma
Acetazolamide
149
SE of acetazolamide
Paresthesias, alkalization of the urine (which may ppt. Ca salts), hypokalemia, acidosis, and encephalopathy in patients with hepatic impairment
150
MOA of loop diuretics
inhibits Na+/K+/2Cl- cotransport
151
Site of action of loop diuretics
Thick ascending limb
152
SE of loop (furosemide) diuretics
Hyperuricemia, hypokalemia and ototoxicity
153
Aminoglycosides used with loop diuretics potentiate adverse effect
Ototoxicity
154
Loops lose and thiazide diuretics retain
Calcium
155
MOA of thiazide diuretics
Inhibit Na+/Cl- cotransport
156
Site of action of thiazide diuretics
Work at early distal convoluted tubule
157
Class of drugs that may cause cross-sensitivity with thiazide diuretics
Sulfonamides
158
SE of thiazide (HCTZ) diuretics
Hyperuricemia, hypokalemia and hyperglycemia
159
Potassium sparing diuretics inhibit
Na+/K+ exchange
160
Diuretic used to treat primary aldosteronism
Spironolactone
161
SE of spironolactone
Gynecomastia hyperkalemia, and impotence
162
Osmotic diuretic used to treat increased intracranial pressure
Mannitol
163
ADH agonist used for pituitary diabetes insipidus
Desmopressin (DDAVP)
164
Used for SIADH
Demeclocycline
165
SE of demeclocycline
Bone marrow and teeth discoloration for children under 8 years of age
166
MOA of class I A (eg. Procainamide), class IB (eg. Lidocaine), and class IC (eg. Flecainide) antiarrhythmics
Sodium channel blockers
167
SE of procainamide
Lupus-like syndrome
168
Limiting side effect of Quinidine
Prolongs QT interval
169
Other side effects of Quinidine
Thrombocytopenic purpura, and CINCHONISM
170
Major drug interaction with Quinidine
Increases concentration of Digoxin
171
DOC for management of acute ventricular arrhythmias
Amiodarone
172
DOC for digoxin induced arrhythmias
Phenytoin
173
SE of phenytoin
Gingival hyperplasia
174
Class of anti-arrhythmics that has a pro-arrhythmic effect (CAST trial), therefore are used as last line agents
Class IC (flecainide, propafenone, moricizine)
175
Class II antiarrhythmics are
B-blockers
176
Antiarrhythmic that exhibits Class II and III properties
Sotalol
177
Side effect of sotalol
prolongs QT and PR interval
178
Used intravenously for acute arrhythmias during surgery
Esmolol
179
Anti-arrhythmics that decrease mortality
B-blockers
180
MOA of class III antiarrhythmics
Potassium channel blockers
181
Class III antiarrhythmic that exhibits properties of all 4 classes
Amiodarone
182
Specific pharmacokinetic characteristic of amiodarone
Prolonged half-life, up to six weeks
183
Antiarrhythmic effective in most types of arrhythmia
Amiodarone
184
SE of Amiodarone
Cardiac dysfunction, photosensitivity, skin (blue smurf syndrome), Pulmonary fibrosis, thyroid and corneal deposits
185
MOA of class IV antiarrhythmics
Calcium channel blockers
186
Life threatening cardiac event that prolong QT leads to
Torsades de pointes
187
Agent to treat torsades de pointes
Magnesium sulfate
188
Drug used supraventricular arrhythmias
Digoxin
189
DOC for paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT)
Adenosine
190
Adenosine's MOA
Activattion on an inward K+ current and inhibition of Ca++ current resulting in marked hyperpolarization
191
Anti-arrhythmic with 15 second duration of action
Adenosine
192
MOA of sildenafil (Viagra)
Inhibits phosphodiesterase-5, enhancing effects of nitric oxide-activated increases in cGMP
193
Drugs used in the management of angina
Aspirin, Nitrates, CCB, and Beta blockers
194
Aspirin reduces mortality in unstable angina by
Platelet aggregation inhibition
195
MOA of nitrates
Relax vascular smooth muscle, at low doses dilate veins and at high doses dilate arterioles
196
Nitrate used for acute anginal attacks
Nitroglycerin sublingual tablets
197
Nitrate used to prevent further attacks
Oral and transdermal forms of nitroglycerin
198
Nitrate free intervals are needed due to
Tolerance
199
SE of nitrates
Postural hypotension, reflex tachycardia, hot flashes, and throbbing headache due to meningeal artery dilation
200
CCB are DOC for
Prinzmetal's angina
201
Beta blockers are used for which type of anginal attack
Classic
202
MOA of Cardiac glycosides (eg. digoxin)
Indirectly increase intracellular calcium and cardiac contractility by inhibiting Na+/K+ ATPase
203
Digoxin is used in
Atrial fibrillation and CHF
204
Digoxin toxicity can be precipitated by
Hypokalemia
205
Antidote for digoxin toxicity
Digibind
206
Phosphodiesterase inhibitors that increase mortality and have been found to have NO beneficial effects
Amrinone and milrinone
207
SE of amrinone
Thrombocytopenia
208
Beta 1 agonists used in acute CHF
Dobutamine and dopamine
209
Diuretics work in CHF by
Reducing preload
210
Beta blockers work in CHF by
Reducing progression of heart failure (never use in acute heart failure)
211
Peptide drug used to treat CHF
Nesiritide (BNP)
212
MOA of nesiritide
Increasing sodium excretion and decreases arterial and venous tone
213
SE of nesiritide
Excessive hypotension and kidney failure
214
Agent used in CHF that is a selective alpha and nonselective beta blocker
Carvedilol
215
Agent used in acutely decompensated CHF resembling natriuretic peptide
Nesiritide (Natrecor)
216
Vitamin K dependent anticoagulant
Warfarin (PT)
217
Warfarin is contraindicated in
Pregnancy
218
Anticoagulant of choice in pregnancy
Heparin
219
Heparin (PTT) increases activity of
Antithrombin 3
220
Route of administration of warfarin
Oral
221
Routes of administration of heparin
IV and IM (only LMW)
222
SE of both warfarin and heparin
Bleeding
223
SE of heparin
Heparin induced thrombocytopenia (HIT)
224
Alternative anticoagulant used if HIT develops
Lepirudin
225
Antidote to reverse actions of warfarin
Vitamin K or fresh frozen plasma
226
Antidote to reverse actions of heparin
Protamine sulfate
227
MOA of aspirin
Irreversibly blocking cyclooxygenase
228
Agent used to treat MI and to reduce incidence of subsequent MI
Aspirin, metoprolol
229
SE of Aspirin
GI bleeding
230
Antiplatelet drug reserved for patients allergic to aspirin
Ticlopidine
231
SE for ticlopidine
Neutropenia and agranulocytosis
232
Effective in preventing TIA's
Clopidogrel and ticlopidine
233
Prevents thrombosis in patients with artificial heart valve
Dipyridamole
234
Block glycoprotein IIb/IIIa involved in platelet cross-linking
Abciximab, tirofiban and eptifibatide
235
MOA of thrombolytics
Degradation of fibrin clots and are administered IV
236
Thrombolytics are used for
Pulmonary embolism and DVT
237
Thrombolytic that can cause allergic reaction
Streptokinase
238
Thrombolytic used for acute MI and ischemic (non hemorrhagic) CVA
Tissue plasmin activator
239
SE of tPA
Cerebral hemorrhage
240
Antidote for thrombolytics
Aminocaproic acid
241
Agent to treat hypochromic microcytic anemias
Ferrous sulfate
242
Chelating agent used in acute iron toxicity
Deferoxamine
243
Agent for pernicious anemia
Cyanocobalamin (Vit B12)
244
Agent used for neurological deficits in megaloblastic anemia
Vitamin B12
245
Agent used for megaloblastic anemia (but does NOT reverse neurologic symptoms) and decrease neural tube defects during pregnancy
Folic acid
246
Agent used for anemias associated with renal failure
Erythropoietin
247
Agent used neutropenia especially after chemotherapy
G-CSF (filgrastim) and GM-CSF (sargramostim)
248
Treatment of patients with prior episodes of thrombocytopenia after a cycle of cancer chemotherapy
Interleukin 11 (oprelvekin)
249
Drugs decrease intestinal absorption of cholesterol
Bile acid-binding resins
250
Cholestyramine and colestipol are
Bile acid-binding resins
251
Major nutritional side effect of bile acid-binding resins
Impair absorption of fat soluble vitamin absorption (A,D,E,K)
252
MOA of lovastatin (STATIN)
inhibits HMG COA reductase
253
HMG CoA reductase inhibitors are contraindicated in
Pregnancy
254
MOA of drug or foods (grapefruit juice) that increase statin effect
Inhibit Cytochrome P450 3A4
255
SE of HMG COA reductase inhibitors
Rhabdomyolysis and Hepatotoxicity
256
Monitoring parameter to obtain before initiation of STATINS
LFT's
257
Decreases liver triglycerol synthesis
Niacin
258
SE of niacin
Cutaneous flush
259
Cutaneous flush and be reduced by pretreatment with
Aspirin
260
Fibrates (gemfibrozil) increase activity of
Lipoprotein lipase
261
Most common SE of fibrates
Nausea
262
Fibrates are contraindicated in
Pregnancy
263
Concurrent use of fibrates and statins increases risk of
Rhabdomyolysis
264
New class of drugs that works by inhibiting absorption of intestinal cholesterol and can be given concurrently with the Statins
Ezetimibe (Zetia)
265
MOA of NSAIDS
inhibit prostaglandin synthesis by inhibiting cyclo-oxygenase (cox)
266
Difference between aspirin and other NSAIDS
Aspirin irreversibly inhibits cyclooxygenase
267
Four main actions of NSAIDS
Anti-inflammatory, analgesia, antipyretic and antiplatelet activity
268
Agent used for closure of patent ductus arteriosus
Indomethacin
269
Aspirin is contraindicated in children with viral infection
Potential for development of Reye's syndrome
270
SE of salicylates
Tinnitus, GI bleeding
271
NSAID also available as an ophthalmic preparation
Diclofenac, ketoralac
272
NSAID available orally, IM and ophthalmically
Ketoralac
273
NSAID that is used for acute condition, such as pre-op anesthesia and has limited duration (<5 days) of use due to nephrotoxicity
Ketoralac
274
Newer NSAID that selectively inhibits COX-2
Celecoxib
275
COX 2 inhibitors may have reduced risk of
Gastric ulcers and GI Bleeding
276
COX 2 inhibitors should be used cautiously in pts with
Pre-existing cardiac or renal disease
277
Acetaminophen only has
Antipyretic and analgesic activity
278
SE of acetaminophen
Hepatotoxicity
279
Antidote for acetaminophen toxicity
N-acetylcysteine
280
DMARDs are slow acting drugs for
Rheumatic disease
281
Initial DMARD of choice for patients with RA
Methotrexate
282
Drug ofter used in combination with TNF - alpha inhitors for RA
Methotrexate
283
Causes bone marrow suppression
Methotrexate
284
SE of penicillamine
Aplastic anemia and renal toxicity
285
Interferes with activity of T-lymphocytes
Hydroxychloroquine
286
Anti-malarial drug used in rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
Hydroxychloroquine
287
SE of hydroxychloroquine
Retinal destruction and dermatitis
288
MOA of Leflunomide (newer agent)
Inhibiting dihydroorotate dehydrogenase which leads to decreased pyrimidine synthesis, decreased T cell proliferation and decreased antibody production by B cells
289
Proteins that prevent action of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha)
Adalimumab, infliximab and etanercept
290
Anti-rheumatic agent also used for ulcerative colitis
Sulfasalazine
291
Anti-rheumatic agent also used for Chron's disease
Infliximab
292
NSAID used in gout
Indomethacin
293
NSAID contraindicated in gout
Aspirin
294
MOA of colchicine (used in acute gout)
Selective inhibitor of microtubule assembly
295
SE of colchicine
Kidney and liver toxicity, diarrhea
296
Agent used to treat chronic gout by increasing uric acid secretion and excretion
Probenecid and sulfinpyrazone
297
Allopurinol treats chronic gout by decreasing uric acid production by inhibiting
Xanthine oxidase
298
Rapid acting insulins that do not self-aggregate
lispro insulin, aspart insulin, glulisine insulin
299
Peakless ling acting insulin
Insulin glargine
300
DOC for paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia; has high efficacy and short duration of action
Adenosine
