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Flashcards in Shell Structure Deck (15)
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1
Q

What are electron shells made up of?

A

Electron shells are made up of sub-shells and orbitals

2
Q

What can electron shells also be called?

A

They are sometimes called energy levels

3
Q

What is the name of numbers that shells are given?

A

Principle quantum numbers

4
Q

What shells have a greater energy level?

A

Shells further away from the nucleus have a greater energy level than shells closer to the nucleus.

5
Q

What is an orbital?

A

An orbital is a bit of space that an electron moves in. Orbitals within the same sub-she’ll have the same energy.

6
Q

How do electrons move within the orbitals?

A

The electrons in the orbitals “spin” in the opposite direction. This is called spin-pairing.

7
Q

What are the different orbitals?

A

S orbitals are spherical. P orbitals have dumbbell shapes. There are 3 p orbitals and they’re at right angles to each other.

8
Q

First tip for electron configurations

A

Electrons fill up the lowest energy sub-shells first

9
Q

Second tip for electron configurations

A

Electrons fill orbitals singly before they start sharing

10
Q

Third tip for electron configurations

A

For the configurations of ions from the s and p blocks of the periodic table, just remove or add that electrons to or from the highest-energy occupied sub-shell.

11
Q

What does the electronic structure decide?

A

The electronic structure decides the chemical properties of an element.

12
Q

How many outer shells do S block elements have?

A

S block elements have 1 or 2 outer shell electrons. These are easily lost to form positive ions with an emery gas configuration.

13
Q

How many electrons can P block gain? (Group 5, 6 and 7)

A

The elements in P block can gain 1, 2 or 3 electron to form negative ions with an inert gas configuration.

Group 4 to 7 can also share electrons when they form covalent bonds.

14
Q

What is the role of Group 0 gases?

A

Group 0 gases are inert therefore they have completely filled S and P sub-shells and don’t need to bother gaining, losing or sharing electrons. Their full sub-shells make them inert.

15
Q

What is the role of D block elements?

A

The D block elements (include the transition metals) tend to lose S and D electrons to form positive ions.