Sherry Flashcards
(38 cards)
1
Q
Oenological origin of Jerez region
A
Pheonicians who found Gades (Cádiz) in the year 1000 B.C. introduced vine cultivation to the area
2
Q
Vinum Ceretensis
A
Wines of Jerez
3
Q
Al-Ándalus period (711- 1492)
A
- production of raisins
- distillation of wine to obtain alcohol for medicine, perfumery
4
Q
Sherry as term
A
Sherry first appears in 9th century texts under the name of Šeriš, pronounced Serish, and its wines were already known as the wines of Serish. This term is linked to the current use of sherry, an Anglo-Saxon adaptation of the ancient Arabic term
5
Q
Sherry in many languages
A
XERA: Phoenician
CERET: Roman
SHERISH: Arabic
XEREZ: Ancient Castillian
JEREZ: Modern Castillian
SHERRY: English Adaptation
6
Q
Expeditions and Modern Era
A
- European arrival in the Americas meant the opening of new markets
- a new prosperous peri- od for the ports of Southern Spain
- the ports of Cádiz and Sanlúcar were primary embarkation points for trade be- tween Europe and the Americas
7
Q
18th-20th Century
A
- Local and foreign entrepreneurs laid the foundations of what would become the present - day sherry industry in Jerez.
- large storage cellars were built
- innovative techniques: the criaderas and solera system
- developed the styles of wine we know today as sherry
8
Q
1896
A
The origins of Emilio Lustau S.A.
José Ruiz-Berdejo started cultivation of family vineyards
9
Q
almacenista
A
Stock keeper: make wine to sell to large producers
10
Q
1933
A
First Spanish wine law
11
Q
D.O.
A
Denominación de Origen
12
Q
Jerez-Xérèz-Sherry
A
one of the first DO to be legally con- stituted in Spain (1935)
13
Q
The responsibilities of the Consejo Regulador
A
- the control and certification of products associated with the protected appellation of origin
- authorizes winer- ies to use the protected appellation of ori- gin designation on their wines
14
Q
an autonomous entity
A
- legally distinct from the Consejo Regulador
- responsible for verifying compliance with these specifications.
*
15
Q
Lustau today
A
- 1931: his daughter, María Ruiz-Berdejo Alberti, acquired a small winery closer to the center of Jerez de la Frontera and moved all pre-existing soleras there, gaining renown and visibility.
- 1940’s: Maria’s husband, Emilio Lustau Ortega, moved the winery to the old Santiago district in the historic quarter of Jerez de la Frontera.
- 1945: Emilio Lustau stopped being an almacenista and began to commercialize their own brands: Papirusa, Jarana, Escuadrilla, Emperatriz Eugenia, and Cinta de Oro, etc
- 1950: the company began exporting its own sherry wines.
- 2000: Lustau acquired six 19th century bodega buildings in the center of Jerez, that house Luis Caballero Group.
16
Q
The Marco de Jerez
A
- The southernmost wine region in the continental Europe
17
Q
El Triángulo de Jerez
A
- The Sherry Triangle, also the Zona de Crianza
** Jerez de la Frontera,
** El Puerto de Santa María
** Sanlúcar de Barrameda - the only three locations where the wines can be aged
18
Q
Zona de Producción
A
- Production Zone
- Atlantic Coast: Chiclana de la Frontera, Chipiona, Puerto Real, Rota
- inland countryside: Trebujena, Lebrija
19
Q
Vineyards
A
- 7,000 hectares (17,297 acres)
- 2,300 registered vineyards
- vineyard sizes range from 10ha (25 ac)to 1ha (2.5 ac)
- small winegrowers are grouped into one of the 7 processing cooperatives
- Independent vineyards account for only 22% of the total area
20
Q
Types of wineries
A
- Bodegas de Crianza y Expedición
- Bodegas de Crianza y Almacenado (almacenistas)
21
Q
Almacenistas
A
- ages the wine
- do not bottle or market wines under their own brands
- sell their wines in bulk to the Bodegas de Crianza y Expedición
22
Q
Bodegas de Crianza y Expedición
A
- ages the wine
- sell their wines under the protection and certification of the D.O.
- exporting winery
23
Q
The House of Lustau
A
- The Almacenista Who Became an Exporter
- maintained the original almacenista values: controlled production, individual personality, and extreme passion for each of its products
- bottling a small range of these authentic wines unblended
- pay tribute to the artisanal craftsmanship
- Solera Familiar range: reflects its exporting side & almost all types of sherry represented
24
Q
Orography
A
- gentle, undulating hills
- The highest vineyards are located around 150 meters (492 feet) above sea level
- The incline rarely exceeds 12-14 degrees
25
Jerez Superior
* where the majority of the registered vineyards are located
* vineyards planted on albariza soil
* in the municipalities of Jerez de la Frontera, El Puerto de Santa María, Sanlúcar de Barrameda, Trebujena, and those of Rota and Chipiona adjacent to Sanlúcar
26
Pagos
* production areas are divided into pagos
* Pago: a plot of vineyard land which produces grapes with distinct characteristics, due to its location and micro-climatic conditions, its proximity or remoteness from the sea, its soil composition, or its terrain
* Each pago can be composed of an indeterminate number of vineyards that share similar characteristics
* some of the historical pagos are some of the oldest in all of Europe (doc from 18th century)
27
Lustau vineyards
* 2 vineyards within Jerez Superior
** Montegilillo: located in the pago de Montegil, 17 km/10.5 mi northeast of the city of Jerez
** Las Cruces: located in the pago de Abulagar, in the municipality of Chipiona and less than 3 km/2 mi from the Atlantic Coast.
28
Climatic factors
* sunlight
* rainfall
* winds
* soils
29
Sunlight
* warm climate due to its low altitude
* dry summers with high temp
* proximity to the Atlantic Ocean lessens and humidifies the impact of high temp
* avg annual temp: 17 C / 63 F
* very mild winters, rarely freezing
* very high avg of sunshine hours (3000-3200), 300 sunny days
30
Rainfall
* relatively high: 620 mm/24.4 in annually, fall-winter
* irrigation prohibited
31
Winds
(promotes optimal vine health)
* Poniente
** westerly from the Atlantic Ocean
** very cool and humid (increase up to 95% humidity)
* Levante
** easterly from the Sahara Desert
** very hot and dry (decrease down to 30%)
32
Albariza
* refers to the soil's intense white color
* rich in calcium carbonate, clay, and silica
* high moisture retention capability
* stores the rainwater that falls in winter to nourish the vine during the dry summer months
* In the hot, sunny months, the surface of the soil hard- ens, thus preventing evaporation of the water below
* easy to work with and because of its retained moisture it allows for excellent distribution of the vine’s root system
* poor in organic matter and nitrogen
33
sub-varieties of albariza soil
* tejón
** hard rock of almost pure limestone (80% active limestone)
** generally located in deep in the soil
* barajuelas albariza
** has an elevated degree of purity and a high con- centration of diatoms
** its laminar structure facilitates root development
* tosca cerrada
** limestone content is 60%
* lentejuelas
** limestone loams (50%) are mixed with clay and sand, making the soil more manageable.
34
Other types of soil
* Barros
* Arenas
35
Barros
* dominant in the low- er areas of the hills and riverbeds
* dark grayish-brown in color
* very fertile, but poor moisture retention: difficult to cultivate vines
* made up of between 60% and 80% clay and sand
36
Arenas
* found in coastal areas
* predominantly sand, with clay and limestone (less than 20%)
* dedicated almost exclusively to the cultivation of moscatel de Alejandría
37
Grape Varieties
* palomino
* pedro ximénez
* moscatel.
38
Palomino
* most traditional variety
