shit I dont know

Question 1

how does hepcidin work?

Answer 1

blocks ferroportin iron absorption in the GI tract (enterocytes).
-Capacity of hepcidin to block iron absorption can be overwhelmed if you take in TOO much Fe or if it is bypassed by Fe infusion

Question 2

is there renal exertion of iron?

Answer 2

no

Question 3

What can cause the elastin-rich eye to turn yellow

Answer 3

elastin

Question 4

common in anemia due to decreased oxygen carrying capacity of blood causing elevated heart rate

Answer 4

angina

Question 5

approximately half-saturated with oxygen at 2 torr, reason oxygen can be stripped from hemoglobin and stored in muscles

Answer 5

myoglobin

Question 6

only actively regulated pharmacokinetic process to control the amount of iron in the body

Answer 6

absorption

Question 7

nanoparticle used to treat iron deficiency, can infuse faster than colloidal iron

Answer 7

FERUMOXYTOL

Question 8

among the choices for IV administration of iron due to malabsorption or intolerance of oral forms, administration bypasses hepcidin regulation

Answer 8

iron dextran

Question 9

this and sustained-release formulations drastically reduces the bioavailability of orally administered iron

Answer 9

enteric coating

Question 10

oral iron pill

Answer 10

ferrous sulfate

Question 11

has been one of the leading causes of death by toxicological agents in children < 6 years old

Answer 11

iron overdose

Question 12

iron chelator administered as therapy for potentially lethal iron poisoning

Answer 12

deferoximine

Question 13

use of this for analgesia during surgery can cause rapid onset of vitamin B12 deficiency symptoms

Answer 13

nitrous oxide

Question 14

potential characteristic of neurological pathology due to vitamin B12 deficiency

Answer 14

irreversible

Question 15

often expected within a few days after initiating appropriate therapy for microcytic or macrocytic anemia; increases in hematocrit and hemoglobin follow shortly thereafter

Answer 15

reticulocytosis

Question 16

visible GI tract consequences of folate deficiency

Answer 16

mouth ulcers

Question 17

potentially especially vulnerable to cognitive decline cause by vitamin B12 deficiency that has been masked by the consumption of folate fortified foods

Answer 17

elderly

Question 18

folate deficiency may cause this, but is not associated with the neurological problems caused by vitamin B12 deficiency

Answer 18

depression

Question 19

prevents formation of complement membrane attack complex, treat paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria caused by insufficient GPI-linked CD59 and CD55 on the RBC cell surface that otherwise protects from this type of attack

Answer 19

eculizumab

Question 20

atypical form of this is an indication for eculizumab

Answer 20

hemolytic uremic syndrome

Question 21

recombinant erythropoiesis-stimulating glycoprotein with a.a. sequence identical to erythropoietin; administered to treat anemia secondary to chronic kidney disease or chemotherapy to reduce the need for allogeneic RBC transfusions

Answer 21

epoeitin alfa

Question 22

this use of filgrastim is considered warranted if calculated risk for getting neutropenic fever > 20% or if its use permits timely administration of potentially curative chemotherap

Answer 22

prophylaxis

Question 23

a recombinant granulocyte-colony stimulating factor, it increases growth and proliferation of
neutrophil progenitor cells and also facilitates actions of mature neutrophils (e.g., phagocytosis, respiratory burst)

Answer 23

filgastrim

Question 24

for sargramostim, this includes fluid retention, dyspnea due to sequestration of granulocytes in pulmonary circulation, fatal “gasping syndrome” in premature infants

Answer 24

adverse effects

Question 25

name means that polyethylene glycol was attached to filgrastim to prolong its half-life

Answer 25

pegfilgastrim

Question 26

considered severe if absolute count of these cells is <500/microliter; low-grade fever, sore mouth, severe pain from swallowing, upper and lower airway inflammation and perianal pain and irritation are among its symptoms

Answer 26

neutropenia

Question 27

recombinant GM-CSF, acts in the bone marrow to increase production of neutrophils, eosinophils and monocyte/macrophages (e.g., after a transplant)

Answer 27

sargamostrim

Question 28

partial agonist at CXCR4 receptors important for homing of hematopoietic stem cells, an expensive orphan drug administered when G-CSF or GM-CSF alone cannot mobilize enough stem cells for autologous transplant (10)

Answer 28

plerixafor

Question 29

life-threatening complication of chemotherapy; hypotension, COPD, dehydration and age >60 years are among the risk factors for underlying gram-negative (e.g. Pseudomonas), gram- positive (e.g., Staph. epidermidis) and/or fungal (e.g., Candid, Aspergillus) infections

Answer 29

neutropenic fever

Question 30

adverse effect of filgrastim, sargramostim and erythropoietin, makes sense given site of their effects

Answer 30

bone pain

Question 31

c-kit, has potent synergistic actions on early progenitor cells, but cannot be used since this stimulatory effect extends to mast cells and gives rise to severe allergic reactions

Answer 31

stem cell factor

Question 32

indication (abbr.) for romiplostim or eltrombopag, after failure of first choice

Answer 32

ITP

Question 33

a "peptibody" has 2 IgG constant regions linked by a peptide; has no homology to thrombopoietin but nevertheless stimulates the thrombopoietin receptor to promote platelet production

Answer 33

romiplostim

Question 34

orally active non-peptide thrombopoietin agonist approved for treatment of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura and the thrombocytopenia seen with hepatitis C

Answer 34

eltromobag

Question 35

recombinant form of IL-11, early agent that increases platelet levels via unknown mechanism, no longer has a major clinical use

Answer 35

OPRELVEKIN

Question 36

stimulates platelet production in vivo, but recombinant forms for treating thrombocytopenia were withdrawn from the market due to frequent autoantibody production leading to profound thrombocytopenia

Answer 36

thrombopoietin

Question 37

type of anemia frequently caused by cephalosporins and some penicillins (e.g., piperacillin)

Answer 37

hemolytic anemia

Question 38

.type of anemia caused by cancer chemotherapeutics, chloramphenicol and benzene

Answer 38

aplastic anemia

Question 39

most common cause of drug-induced immune thrombocytopenia

Answer 39

heparin

Question 40

antiarrhythmic drug, a classic cause of drug-induced non- immune thrombocytopenia

Answer 40

quinidine

Question 41

50% water and 50% oil with an emulsifier, base that is usefulf or covering large and/or wet areas with a drug but preservatives, etc., can cause allergic reactions

Answer 41

creams

Question 42

comprised of ~20% water and 80% oils, best for dry skin, stay on the surface of skin and are not well absorbed, permit more complete drug absorption and less likely to cause allergic reaction skin no preservatives

Answer 42

ointment

Question 43

refers to substances in moisturizers that form an oily layer to trap water in the skin/treat dry skin; petrolatum, lanolin and mineral oil are among common examples

Answer 43

emollients

Question 44

urea, alpha-hydroxyl acids and allantoin are among the agents found in moisturizers to soften this and give skin a smoother feeling

Answer 44

horny substance

Question 45

refers to agents such as glycerin, lecithin and propylene glycol found in moisturizers to draw water into the outer layer of skin; note I erred and gave this definition for emollients in the narration for psoriasis

Answer 45

humectant

Question 46

applied to skin to kill microbes

Answer 46

antiseptic

Question 47

good wound coverings during the debridement phase of healing

Answer 47

hydro gels

Question 48

among the wound coverings preferred during the granulation and epithelialization phases of wound healing

Answer 48

low adherence

Question 49

peptide antibiotic with activity against gram-positive organisms and some anaerobes; only applied topically to limit systemic toxicity, often causes contact dermatitis

Answer 49

bacitracin

Question 50

antibiotic that works similar to macrolides, kills anaerobes, useful for range of infections including topical treatment of acne and for osteomyelitis; associated with increased risk of C. difficile

Answer 50

clindamycin

Question 51

peptide antibiotic with efficacy against gram-negative bacteria including pseudomonas, has a detergent-like effect that damages the bacterial cell membrane

Answer 51

polymyxin B

Question 52

class of antifungal drugs with a wide range of activity, blocks ergosterol synthesis

Answer 52

imidazoles

Question 53

prescription synthetic topical antimycotic agent with broad spectrum of activity

Answer 53

CICLOPIROX

Question 54

imidazole antifungal drug applied topically for range of fungal infections, also noteworthy as a classic inhibitor of cytochrome P450

Answer 54

ketoconazole

Question 55

organophosphate anticholinesterase insecticide, kills ectoparasites

Answer 55

malathione

Question 56

late choice for treating ectoparasites, works by disrupting GABAergic transmission

Answer 56

lindane

Question 57

synthetic insecticide similar to that of chrysanthemums, ectoparasite therapy that blocks membrane repolarizing

Answer 57

PERMETHRIN (blocks Na+ channel)

Question 58

orally administered insecticide to treat ectoparasites, binds glutamate-activated Cl- channels to hyperpolarize the nerve and muscle cells

Answer 58

ivermectin

Question 59

macrolide among the systemic therapies used to treat acne; not a cytochrome P450 inhibitor, unusual pharmacokinetics in that it is taken up in phagocytes and released by them at sites of infection

Answer 59

azithromycin

Question 60

retinoid administered orally for treatment of severe acne, powerful teratogen that mandates participation by prescribers and users in the iPledge program

Answer 60

isotretoin

Question 61

topical retinoid administered for the treatment of acne, alters gene expression to normalize keratinization, decrease keratinocyte cohesiveness and reduce microcomedone formation

Answer 61

tretinoin

Question 62

administration for psoriasis and topical administration for anogenital pruritus

Answer 62

calcineurin

Question 63

monoclonal antibody against IL-12 and IL-23, a biologic agent used to treat psoriasis

Answer 63

USTEKINUMAB

Question 64

treatment for actinic keratoses derived from Euphorbia peplus sap, causes chemoablation with neutrophil-mediated antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity eliminating remaining tumor cells

Answer 64

ingenol mebuate

Question 65

effective topical therapy for actinic keratoses, causes fast- proliferating dysplastic cells to die a thymidine-less death; necrosis/erosion gives way to re-epithelialization over several weeks (has number, no hyphen)

Answer 65

5-FU

Question 66

topical immune response modifier used to treat actinic keratoses and basal or squamous cell carcinomas; also used to treat genital warts

Answer 66

IMIQUIMOD