SHOCK

Question 1

What is shock?

Answer 1

A state of circulatory failure that impairs tissue perfusion, leading to cellular hypoxia. Initially it is reversible however when prolonged it becomes irreversible.

Question 2

How many typed of shock are there? name them

Answer 2

There are 4 types
Cardiogenic
Neurogenic
Septic 
and Hypovolemic

Question 3

What is cardiogenic shock and what are its causes?

Answer 3

This is when there is a myocardiac failure leading to poor cardiac output. Causes include, myocardial infarction, pulmonary embolism, arrythmias and cardiac tamponade

Question 4

What is hypovolemic shock and what are its causes?

Answer 4

This is when there is low blood volume leading to low cardiac output. This can occur from massive hemhorrages and extensive burns which lead to fluid loss

Question 5

What are the 3 types of septic shock and describe them

Answer 5

Sepsis
A life threatening organ dysfunction caused by dysregulated host response to infection

Septic shock
profound circulatory, cellular an metabolic abnormalities, it is a subset of sepsis

Systemic inflammatory response syndrome
a sepsis like condition, associated with systemic inflammation caused by non microbial insults

Question 6

What is non hemorrhagic hypovolemic shock?

Answer 6

Non-hemorrhagic means that the loss of fluid volume isn’t from bleeding.

Question 7

What happens when cardiac output goes down?

Answer 7

When cardiac output goes down, catecholamines such as epinephrine and norepinephrine, ADH, and angiotensin II are released. These all cause vasoconstriction of blood vessels, which increases vascular resistance and heart rate, and in turn, this increases cardiac output. These combined effects increase blood pressure.

Question 8

What happens during septic shock and SIRS?

Answer 8

Innate and adaptive immune cells are activated causing the release of inflammatory mediators causing arterial vasodilation , vasodilation and venous blood pooling

The effect of all this is tissue hypoperfusion which will lead to cellular hypoxia and metabolic abnormalities
Finally this leads to organ dysfunction and organ failure