Shock

Question 1

Types of shock

Answer 1

Hypovolemic shock

Cardiogenic shock

Neurogenic shock

Anaphylactic shock

Septic shock

Question 2

Blood loss (most common cause)

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Answer 2

Hypovolemic shock

Question 3

Other fluid loss such as vomiting & diarrhea

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Answer 3

Hypovolemic shock

Question 4

Severe burns

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Answer 4

Hypovolemic shock

Question 5

Heart attack or angina

تسبب ؟

Answer 5

Cardiogenic shock

Question 6

Severe pain and anxiety (loss of sympathetic tone)

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Answer 6

Neurogenic shock

Question 7

Spinal cord injury

تسبب ؟

Answer 7

Neurogenic shock

Question 8

Severe allergic reaction

تسبب؟

Answer 8

Anaphylactic shock

Question 9

Severe infections

تسبب؟

Answer 9

Septic shock

Question 10

Recognition the shock

Answer 10

Weakness and fainting  Pale face  Sweating  Cold, clammy skin  Rapid, weak pulse  Rapid, shallow breathing  Blood pressure is below normal  Nausea or vomiting - Thirst  In extreme cases, unconsciousness.

Question 11

معنى clammy skin

Answer 11

بشرة رطبة

Question 12

Rapid pulse

weak puls

Answer 12

نبض سريع

نبض ضعيف

Question 13

Thirst

Answer 13

عطش

Question 14

How to do first aid to shocked person ?

Answer 14

Lay victim down with legs raised & supported
Treat the cause of shock
Comfort and reassure  Loosen any belt or tight clothing  Cover him with a coat or blanket  Monitor and record vital signs  If breathing stops, perform CPR

Question 15

Sepsis

Answer 15

تعفن الدم

Question 16

Septicaemia

Answer 16

تسمم الدم

Question 17

Aspiration

Answer 17

اختناق

انسداد مجرى الهواء

Question 18

In case of electrical shock

Answer 18

Safety - Cut off current or separate victim from contact with electricity by using dry wood, cloth or rubber and begin CPR.

Question 19

raise the person’s head.

Answer 19

خطا

Question 20

Usually caused by a sudden blockage of blood
supply to heart muscle itself by a blood clot.
The main risk is that heart will stop beating.

Answer 20

Heart attack

Question 21

Recognition heart attack (4Ps)

Answer 21

Pain (in the chest), Pale skin, Pulse (rapid &
weak) and Profuse sweating تعرق شديد

Question 22

Chest pain:

Answer 22

central, persistent, radiating to jaw,
neck, shoulder, arms or back- not respond to
nitrates

Question 23

Nitrates

Answer 23

مركبات كيميائية مسكنة للالم

Question 24

First aid to heart attack

Answer 24

 Call for help immediately.
 Sit him in ‘W’ position: semi-sitting at about
75° with knees bent and head & shoulders
supported (This will open up the chest cavity and
reduce the strain on the heart. We wouldn’t want
to lay them down and elevate their legs because
that would put a massive pressure on the heart).
Give him aspirin tablet to chew slowly (if
available, not allergic and not under 16 yrs)  Help him to take his medication if available  Monitor and record vital signs  Reassure until help arrives  If become unconscious, open the airway and
check breathing, start CPR if necessary.

Question 25

is caused by lake of oxygen to a portion of the brain causing brain damage.

Answer 25

Stroke

Question 26

Causes of stroke

Answer 26

rupture of blood vessel or a blood clot (Hemorrhage/ Thrombus/ Embolus).

Question 27

transient ischemic attack (TIA)

Answer 27

recovery occurs within 24 hrs with no residual deficit.

Question 28

Risk factors for Stroke

Answer 28

Older age  History of previous stroke  Smoking  Hypertension  Diabetes  Having heart disease

Question 29

Recognition of stroke

Answer 29

 Sudden weakness or numbness of one side of body. Use FAST test (Face, Arms, Speech, Time).  Face: ask him to smile → smile on one side with dribbling of saliva in the other side.  Arms: ask him to raise both → lift one arm.  Speech: ask him to speak → difficult speaking (slurred speech – hard to understand).  Time: to call for help with any of above signs.  Severe headache,  Blurred vision, unequal pupils  Confusion and disorientation,  Nausea,  Loss of bladder or bowel control.

Question 30

First Sid to stroke:

Answer 30

Call for help. Tell operator you have used the FAST test and suspect a stroke  Choose a healthcare facility with CT scan  If unconscious, place him in recovery position  If conscious, make him lie down with head and shoulders raised & supported  Keep him comfortable, supported & reassure  Loosen any belt or tight clothing  Monitor & record vital signs  Give oxygen if available  Do not give anything to eat or drink  Resuscitate if necessary  Remember (In Stroke, every moment counts)

Question 31

is a life-threatening condition that occurs when the vital organs, such as the brain and heart, are deprived of oxygen due to a problem affecting the circulatory system.

Answer 31

Shock