short and long term effects of exercise

Question 1

short term effect from exercise to muscles

Answer 1

muscle fatigue, lactate accumulation due to anaerobic exercise

Question 2

short term effect from exercise to cardiovascular system

Answer 2

increase HR, increase stroke volume (amount of blood leaving heart per contraction) resulting in Aa increased cardiac output (stroke volume x HR)

Question 3

short term effect from exercise to respiratory system

Answer 3

increased breathing depth, increased breathing frequency, increased amount of oxygen in the lungs, increased oxygen supply to targeted muscles, increased carbon dioxide removal

Question 4

training adaptation due to long term exercise effects

Answer 4

able to train longer, higher intensity, faster recovery - able to train more frequently

Question 5

skeletal adaptation due to long term exercise effects

Answer 5

increased bone density, less chance of getting osteoporosis, brittle bones and stress fractures, increased strength of ligaments and tendons

Question 6

muscular adaptation due to long term exercise effects

Answer 6

increased muscle mass and size - muscle hypertrophy

Question 7

5 cardiovascular fitness adaptation due to long term exercise effects

Answer 7

decreased RHR, increased hypertrophy of the heart, increased resting stroke volume, increased maximal stroke volume, increased maximal cardiac output, faster return to RHR, increased capillarisation (number of capillaries), increased number of red blood cells, decreased resting blood pressure, increased elasticity of arteries and veins

Question 8

physical health benefits of aerobic exercise

Answer 8

reduced chance of stroke, CHD, type II diabetes

Question 9

respiratory adaptations and benefits due to long term exercise effects

Answer 9

increased lung capacity - exhale and inhale more air more efficiently, develop more alveoli more opportunity for gas exchange so more oxygen transported around blood and more CO2 removed from the blood, increased strength of respiratory muscles, more space can be created for lungs to fully inflate

Question 10

what are the effects and benefits of aerobic exercise on the muscular system

Answer 10

hypertrophy of slow twitch muscle fibres - benefits muscular endurance activities
increased myoglobin content - improves oxygen supply to muscles
increased size and number of mitochondria - produces more energy aerobically