Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Biology > Short Answer > Flashcards

Short Answer Flashcards

(90 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Name 2 ways plants can reduce water loss by evaporation

A

Cuticle, hairs, close stoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Explain the importance of the root cap.

A
  1. Protect the meristem

2. Guide the root downward

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Explain the importance of root hairs

A
  1. Increases surface area

2. Absorbs more water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

List the 3 functions of roots.

A

Anchor the plant
Absorb water
Store food

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Why is it important that the lower layer of leaf mesophyll is spongy?

A

So air can be circulated to all cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Give 2 differences between monocots and dicots

A

Monocots- 1 seed leaf, parallel veins, fibrous root, 3 part plant
Dicots- 2 seed leaves, branched veins, tap root, 5 part plant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Explain the difference between xylem and phloem

A

Xylem- carries water up

Phloem- carries food down

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is happening at a meristem?

A

Cell division

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the purpose of guard cells?

A
  1. Open and close stoma
  2. Control water loss
  3. Gas exchange
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What role do guard cells play in homeostasis?

A

Maintains proper water levels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is girdling?

A

Removing bark in a circle around a tree

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How can girdling kill a tree?

A

The food cannot reach the roots to be restored

In the spring there is no food left to help make new leaves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Explain how osmosis and transpiration work together to move water from the soil in the roots and up to the leaves.

A

Osmosis- water pushing in at roots

Transpiration- water being pulled up as it evaporates from the leag

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Name and give the function of 2 flower parts other than the pistil and stamen.

A

Petal- attracts insects

Sepal- protects bud

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is meant by double fertilization?

A

Two sperm pollinate the plant and one joins with the cell and makes the embryo and 2nd sperm unites with the polar bodies and makes endosperm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Name 3 ways seeds can be dispersed and describe how it can be dispersed

A

Water- floatable, solid
Wind- propeller/wing
Animal- bristly or sticky

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Explain how auxin causes phototropism

A

Grows on the darker side of the plant so the plant bends toward the light

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Stems show 2 types of tropisms. Explain.

A

Positive phototropism- stem grows toward light

Negative gravitropism- stem grows opposite gravity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Explain the relationship between pruning and apical dominance.

A

Auxin in the meristem inhibits apical dominance, removing the meristem, removes inhibition, and side branches down

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How and why can irises be made to bloom in December?

A

Iris long day plant, if you shine light on them during night on short days they think it’s a long day thus blooming

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Explain an example of how our plant hormone knowledge has allowed us to improve products.

A

Cytokins- keep flowers, fruits, veggies fresh (slower aging)

Giberellins- increase size of fruits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Give all the possible gamete genotypes of a BbDd dihybrid parent

A

BD, Bd, bD, bd

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Why do more men than women show sex-linked traits like color blindness?

A

Men only get 1 x chromosome, of the gene is on the x they show what’s on it, even if recessive, women have 2xs and all it has to be on is one

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Give 2 characteristics of chromosomes by which they can be identified and paired up

A

Centromere location and length

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Describe the levels of organization of living things. Smallest to lowest
Chemicals-cells-tissue-organ-organ system-organism
26
Describe these 3 systems | Circulatory, urinary, integumentary
Circulatory- blood movement thru body Urinary- remove waste from body Integumentary-skin
27
Give an example of how the skeleton provides protection
Protects brain when you hit your head on something
28
Why do shin splints hurt?
Muscle is being peeled off the bone
29
Why are bone ends protected with cartilage?
In order to cushion the bones clashing
30
Give an example of each type of joint | Hinge ball and socket saddle
Hinge-finger Ball&socket-shoulder,hip Saddle-base of thumb
31
Why must muscles work in pairs?
1 to bend | 1 to straighten
32
Explain the "sliding filament model" of muscle contraction.
Protein filaments slide past each other.
33
Describe 2 ways your skin helps to regulate body temperature.
Blood vessels open and close | Sweating, shivering
34
When a person is burned over a large portion of their body, what are the 2 most life-threatening risks?
Infection, dehydration
35
Why is it that light- skinned people cannot keep a tan over the winter when there is less sun exposure?
Cells with melanin fall off and the new cells don't have as much melanin
36
Describe the muscles that are found in the dermis.
The ones that make goosebumps, make hair stand up
37
Explain how whiteheads are formed.
Dead skin cells clog up a pore and since there is no oxygen bacteria comes and stem by white blood cells creating puss
38
Explain the difference in where carcinomas and melanomas begin.
Carcinomas-cells without melanin | Melanomas-cells that make melanin
39
Why are melanomas more deadly than carcinomas?
Melanomas spread more rapidly.
40
Name and describe the purpose of each of the two girdles of the appendicular skeleton?
Pelvic girdle-holds legs in place | Shoulder blade-holds arms in place
41
Why does exercise help prevent osteoporosis?
Bones won't release calcium into the blood
42
What are the different purposes of keratin and melanin? (both proteins)
Keratin-makes things tuff/waterproof | Melanin-gives color (pigment)
43
Why does smoking reduce the amount of oxygen the blood can carry?
Hydrogen binds to the carbondioxide instead of the oxygen
44
What 3 parts make up of circulatory system?
Blood Blood vessels Heart
45
Name 3 substances that are transported by the circulatory system
Oxygen Nutrients Hormones
46
Explain what is meant by "food and gas exchange"
Swapping gases such as carbon dioxide and oxygen, depositing and obtaining new nutrients
47
What is the purpose of valves? | How do they do it?
Keep blood going in the right direction. | Valves
48
Where are 2 locations where valves are found?
Heart | Veins
49
Why can an EKG detect damaged spots in the heart muscle that result from a heart attack?
Only non-damaged spots can conduct the energy
50
Where does blood get to "do its job" why there?
Capillaries Walls are one cell thick Cells 2 cells away
51
How does blood get back to your heart from your feet
Muscles-squeeze veins | Valves-keep blood going the right way
52
The heart pumps blood through2 different loops-pulmonary and systemic circulation. Explain.
Pulmonary- top loop to lungs | Systemic- bottom loop to body
53
Describe the path of blood.
Superior & inferior vena cavae---------->right atrium---valve--->right ventricle---pulmonary artiole--->lungs---pulmonary vein--->left atrium---valve--->left ventricle---aorta--->body
54
Why is the left ventricles muscle wall thicker than the rights
Blood is being pumped out of it
55
Why is high blood pressure a dangerous condition?
If you overwork-heart damage | Higher chance of cholesterol to stick to arteries
56
Why is it best to breathe through mouth instead of nose?
Cleaned by mucus and hairs Warmed by capillaries Moistened by mucus
57
How does the brain know when to make you breathe faster?
Detects oxygen in blood by acidity
58
What is one respiratory disease caused by smoking?
Lung cancer
59
What do strokes and heart attacks have in common?
Caused by artery blockage, all tissue downstream blockage dies
60
Describe the structures that allow gas exchange in the lungs
Capillaries & alveoli are one cell thick so they are only 2 cells away from air
61
Explain the relationship between alveoli and surface area.
Many tiny of them increase the surface area for gas exchange
62
Name the 6 nutrients
Vitamins, minerals, water, carbohydrates, proteins, lipids
63
Describe the 2 categories of vitamins. Which type is dangerous if taking large amounts and why?
Water soluble | Fat soluble-extra fat stores in liver, to much left over vitamin it is toxic and damaging
64
Describe 2 ways in which the tongue helps with digestion
Pushes food in between teeth | Helps swallow
65
What is the part of the digestive tract where there is no digestion, but water and minerals are absorbed from wastes?
Colon
66
What is the difference between the digestive tract and accessory organs?
Digestive tract-food passes thru | Accessory organs-secretes juices into tube, food does not pass thru it
67
2 examples of carbohydrates
Bread, pasta
68
2 examples of proteins
Meat, nuts
69
2 examples of minerals
Calcium, iron
70
2 functions of saliva
Lubricate food | Break down starch--->sugars
71
What is the purpose of the villi that line the small intestine?
More surface area for absorption of nutrients
72
What are the 2 processes that occur in the small intestine?
Digestion | Absorbtion
73
Give 2 examples discussed in the digestive system where a structure is designed in a way that it increases surface area for better function.
Folds in small intestine | Alveoli in lungs
74
What does peristalsis have to do with diarrhea and constipation?
Diarrhea-if muscles contract to fast | Constipation-if muscles contract to slow
75
How does a high fiber diet reduce risk of colon cancer?
Keeps waste moving quickly so there is not time to irritate the colon which causes cancer
76
What is an ulcer? | What are the 3 causes?
Sore in stomach Too much acid Too little acid Bacteria
77
Heartburn has nothing to do with the heart. Explain.
Stomach acid backs up into esophagus and burns it because there is no protective layer
78
Explain the 2 processes the kidneys use to remove metabolic wastes from the blood.
Filtration-removes everything from blood | Reabsorbtion-takes essentials back into blood
79
What happens to substances that are not reabsorbed by the kidney?
Excreted thru urine
80
Why are the lungs considered to be organs of secretion?
They push carbon dioxide out of the body
81
Give 2 examples of how a kidney might be damaged.
Infection | Diabetes
82
Many drugs change how the nervous system responds by affecting which part of the nervous system
Synapse
83
How does skin serve as the body's first line of defense against pathogens?
It acts as a impenetrable barrier
84
Give 2 examples of special defenses at natural openings in skin.
Mucus | Cilia
85
Give 4 ways disease can be transmitted to humans.
People Air Water Food
86
Name 2 main ways a person can get immunity from a disease
Vaccination | Having it before
87
Why are babies reactions slower than adults?
Axons haven't myelinated yet
88
Describe how a reflex is wired/how it works.
Sensory nerve to spinal cord to motor nerve to the muscle
89
Explain why loud noises causes permanent hearing loss.
Break receptor hairs in cochlea that don't grow back
90
What is the pathway of vibrations we "hear"?
Ear canal-eardrum-hammer anvil stirrup-oval window-cochlea

Biology (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions