Short Answers

Question 0

Define parasite.

Answer 0

It harms it’s host.

Question 1

How does DNA evidence prove that a human is more closely related to a chimpanzee than a rattlesnake?

Answer 1

Fewer amino acid sequence differences.

Question 2

What does countercurrent exchange in the gills of a fish accomplish?

Answer 2

Maximizes transfer of gasses between blood and water.

Question 3

What two products of the light reaction provide energy for the dark reaction of photosynthesis?

Answer 3

ATP and NADPH.

Question 4

Diagram and explain crossing over during meiosis.

Answer 4

.

Question 5

Is ATP made during the Calvin Cycle?

Answer 5

No.

Question 6

What are creeping subterranean stems of ferns called?

Answer 6

Rhizomes.

Question 7

Name the levels on a tropic pyramid. Explain how much energy is transferred from one level to the next.

Answer 7

About 90% lost, 10% transferred.

Question 8

List several unique properties of water. What causes them?

Answer 8

.

Question 9

How do bacteria store their genetic makeup?

Answer 9

Plasma DNA and circular DNA.

Question 10

What part of the cell membrane is responsible for active transport?

Answer 10

Proteins.

Question 11

How is evolutionary fitness measured?

Answer 11

Whether you survive to reproduce or not.

Question 12

What is the end result of mitosis?

Answer 12

Two identical daughter cells.

Question 13

Describe how carbon dioxide and water act as a buffer in blood.

Answer 13

Carbonic acid or bicarbonate can be formed.

Question 14

Draw and state population change trends of the 3 types of population pyramids.

Answer 14

.

Question 15

Define and give an example of a prezygotic genetic isolating mechanism.

Answer 15

The developing fetus spontaneously aborts.

Question 16

What is the name given when products from photosynthesis move from leaf to a root?

Answer 16

Translocation.

Question 17

What is the modern concept of a biological species?

Answer 17

Genetic comparability, viable offspring, fertile offspring and repro compatability.

Question 18

What is reverse transcriptase?

Answer 18

It allows viruses to make DNA out of RNA. The opposite of how cells make RNA from DNA.

Question 19

Which two organelles have chemiosomotic mechanisms and electron transport systems?

Answer 19

Chloroplast and mitochondria.

Question 20

Where do plant’s lateral roots arise from?

Answer 20

The pericycle.

Question 21

What is facilitated diffusion?

Answer 21

Normal diffusion at a faster rate.

Question 22

What does antidiuretic hormone produced by the pituitary gland do?

Answer 22

Helps our body conserve water.

Question 23

What is produced when polymers of carbohydrates or proteins are made?

Answer 23

Water.

Question 24

In what layer of a leaf cell does photosynthesis take place?

Answer 24

Palisade Mesophyl.

Question 25

In relation to neuron action potential describe the flow of sodium and potassium.

Answer 25

Sodium moves in and potassium moves out.

Question 26

Which phase of the heart beat lasts longer? Systolic or diastolic?

Answer 26

The diastolic lasts longer. This is second number on blood pressure.

Question 27

Diagram and briefly explain each phase of mitosis.

Answer 27

.

Question 28

What is a mycorrhizae?

Answer 28

A fungus that maintains a symbolic relationship with angiosperms.

Question 29

16% of a population is homozygous recessive. (bb) What is the frequency of the recessive and dominant allele?

Answer 29

.4 and .6

Question 30

What is the most effective way to change allele frequencies in a natural population?

Answer 30

Selection.

Question 31

In the process of selection, when are K-selected plant species usually found?

Answer 31

They are found in climax communities.

Question 32

What is the function of vascular cambium in trees?

Answer 32

It produces secondary tissues.

Question 33

If a glass box containing plants is covered with plastic wrap that only transmits green light, what gas would build up in the box after two days?

Answer 33

Carbon dioxide. No photosynthesis is taking place. Only respiration.

Question 34

What part of the brain controls motor response and movements?

Answer 34

The cerebellum.

Question 35

Is a mega spore of a flowering plant haploid or diploid?

Answer 35

Haploid

Question 36

List the sequence of plant tissues from the interior to the exterior in a woody stem?

Answer 36

1 xylem, 2 xylem, vascular cambium, 2 phloem, 1 phloem, cork cambium.

Question 37

What is punctuated equilibrium? What evidence is used to support it?

Answer 37

Evolution occurring over a short period of time. The fossil record.

Question 38

What is operant conditioning?

Answer 38

Giving a reward after a desired behavior.

Question 39

Involving chromosomes explain each of the following. Crossing over, inversion, translocation, non disjunction, deletion.

Answer 39

Inversion- chromosome breaks off, flips and reattaches. Translocation- chromosome breaks off and reattaches to non homologous chromosome. Deletion- part of chromosome breaks off and doesn't reattach. Nondisjunction- tetrads fail to separate during anaphase of meiosis.

Question 40

Explain the role of the following in eukaryotic gene expression. Methylation, RNA capping, RNA splicesomes, enhancer activity.

Answer 40

Methylation- associated with inactivated DNA. RNA capping- protects RNA from hydrolysis. RNA Spliceosome activity- selectively removes RNA segments. Enhancer activity- selectively enhances RNA polymerase.

Question 41

Describe characters of each of the following plants. Gingkos, ferns, angiosperms.

Answer 41

Ginkgos- fan shaped leaves. Fern- heart shaped gametophyte. Angiosperm- embryo sac has seven cells and eight nuclei that fuse.