Short Conecpts Flashcards
(23 cards)
Starvation is
when a process doesn’t receive CPU in extended periods of time
A semaphore is
synchronization primitive that supports two methods: wait()
and signal()
External fragmentation is
memory holes left in the free list after allocation
A frame is
a unit of allocation for physical memory when using paging
Thrashing is
IO and page replacement activity that occurs when the WS of
all processes cannot fit in physical memory
The working set is
pages that the process will need in a given time interval
Internal fragmentation is
unused memory in allocated memory
Thrashing is
when the working set of all processes in memory is larger than
the physical memory available
A page fault is
when a referred page is not loaded into memory
The super-block is
the part of a file system where we store metadata for the
file system itself
A deadlock is
two or more processes are waiting indefinitely for an event
that can be caused by only one of the waiting processes
A mandatory file lock is
access is denied depending on locks held and
requested
A range lock is
a type of lock used in databases or file systems to control access to a specific range of data, such as a subset of rows in a table or bytes in a file?
An advisory file lock is
processes can find status of locks and decide
what to do
A monitor is
A high-level abstraction that provides a convenient and effective
mechanism for process synchronization
An Inode is
a data structure used in many Unix-like file systems to store metadata about a file or directory?
A frame is
a fixed-sized block of physical memory used by the operating system’s memory manager?
A Virtual address is
the address used by a program to access memory, which is translated by the system (usually via the MMU – Memory Management Unit) into a physical address in the actual RAM?
A trap is
an operating system is a software-generated interrupt that occurs when a user-mode process requests a service from the kernel, or when an error or exception occurs during program execution?
A soft or symbolic link is
a type of file in Unix-like operating systems that acts as a pointer or shortcut to another file or directory?
A hard link is
a direct reference to the same data on disk as another file. It creates a second name for a file, and both names point to the same inode (the internal data structure that stores the file’s content and metadata)?
A hard drive cylinder is
a set of tracks that are vertically aligned across all platters of a hard disk drive?
A working set of a process is
the set of pages in the virtual memory that a process is currently using or has recently used and is likely to use again soon?
