Short Notes on Grammar Flashcards by Jim C

animikii

thunder

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miigwan

feather

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akik

kettle

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zhoomin

grape

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aanakwad

cloud

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Inini niwaabamaa.
Waakaa’igan niwaabandaan.

I see a man.
I see a house.

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nin-jiimaan-i-naan
gi-jiimaan-i-naan
gi-jiimaan-i-waa
o-jiimaan-i-waa

our (exc) boat (-i- before suffix - connecting vowel)
our (inc) boat
yinz’s boat
their boat

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gi-jiimaan-an
gi-jiimaan-iwaa-n

your boats
yinz’s boats

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ni-zhooniya-m
gi-zhooniya-m
o-zhooniya-m[-an]
ni-zhooniya-m-i-naan
gi-zhooniya-m-i-naan
gi-zhooniya-m-i-waa
o-zhooniya-m-i-waa[-n]

my money
your
her
our exclusive
our inclusive
yinz’s
their
(p2 in brackets)
m m m[an]
minaan minaan miwaa miwaa[n]

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jiimaanish
mookomaanish

useless boat
stoopid knife

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nimishoomisibaniig
nimookomaaniban

my late grandfather
my last knife
The preterit suffix is /-(i)ban/

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Misho!

Grandfather!
abbreviated vocative

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Bizindamog inashke, abinoojiiyidog

Listen to it, children
(Look! Listen to it …)
-dog vocative plural suffix

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Paul omaamaayan jiibaakwewan

Paul’s mother is cooking
- mother is p2

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osayeyan iniw

that is his older brother
- with p2 nouns only inanimate plural demonstrative pronouns are used

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awedi
ingiwedig
iwedi
iniwedin

that (animate) over there
those (animate) over there
that (inanimate) over there
those (inanimate) over there
(look for wedi, widi)

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nindamwaa opin

I eat a potato
- can’t use niwiisin

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bangishimo

it is sunset

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nimiijin wiiyaas

I eat meat VTI
- verb matches object i or a

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nindamwaa

I eat it - BUT animate

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nimiijin manoomin

I eat wild rice (inanimate)

baapi

she laughs

ni-(verb)
gi-( verb)
(verb)
ni-( verb)-min
gi-( verb)-min
gi-( verb)-m
(verb)-wag

vai conjugation

gi-wiisini-m
gid-izhaa-m
wiisini-wag
izhaa-wag

yinz eat
yinz go
they eat
they go
vai

giga-waabamin

see you later

niwaabamidiz giwaabam giwaabamidiz niwaabam waabamidizo

I see myself you see me you see yourself she sees me she sees herself

giwaabandaanim giwaabandaanaawaa owaabandaanaawaa

we (inclusive) see it yinz see it they see it

waawiyeyaa waabishkaa bizhishigwaa

it's round it's white it's empty

gisinaa

it's cold

waaban

dawn

da-zaagaate waabang

it will be sunny tomorrow

onoondawaan nimaabaayan ma'iingan nimbaabaa owaabamigoon ma'iinganan

The wolf hears my father My father is seen by the wolf - the second structure is preferred. Passive, so that father is p1

Paul omaamaayan jiibaakwewan; osayeyan bimosewan

Paul's mother is cooking. his older brother is walking - mother and brother are p2

obviative suffixes

Noun obviative suffix is /-an/, or /-n, -yan, -wan/. For verb obviative suffixes see Verb Paradigms.

nisaye a'aw gisaye a'aw osayeyan iniw

that is my older brother (a'aw - 'that' animate) that is your older brother that is his older brother (iniw - only plural inanimate demonstrative pronouns are used with p2 even if singular

Aanawi waa-gimiwang noongom, giwii-babaamosemin mitigwaakiing.

Even though it rains today, we will go for a walk in the forest. -changed conjunct

Niwaabamaa a'aw memengwaa mekawaadizid.

I see that beautiful butterfly. - participle

Niwaabamaag degoshingig.

I see those who arrived. - participle

gekinoo'amaaged

he who is a teacher - participle

zaaga'an

go out!

biidoon i'iw mazina'igan biidooyok iniw mazina'iganan

You, bring that book! Yinz, bring those books!

wiisinikan wiisinikag

eat (later), you eat (later), yinz - delayed imperative

gego zaaga'nken gego zaaga'ankegon gego doodangen

Don't go outside (you) Don't go outside (yinz) Don't do it (you) - prohibitive imperative

note

both Independent and Conjunct Orders also have a set of modes: neutral, or indicative mode, preterit mode, dubitative mode, and dubitative-preterit mode. And each of those modes has its own paradigm set yay

giwiisin ina? giminikwe na? ginamadab ina? gigii-anokii na bijiinaago? giwii-izhaa na adaawewigamigong waabang?

Are you eating? drinking? sitting? Did you work yesterday? Will you go to the store tomorrow? - yes no questions

gaawiin + sii or zii siin or ziin sinoon or zinoon

vai and most vta vti and some vta vii

gaawiin niwaaband-an-ziin-an gaawiin niwaabam-aa-sii gaawiin niwaabam-aa-siin-aan

I don't see them I don't see him We don't see him? - negative suffix before plural suffix

/a/ becomes /e/, /aa/ becomes /ayaa/, /e/ becomes /aye/, /i/ becomes /e/, /ii/ becomes /aa/, /o/ becomes /we/, /oo/ becomes /waa/, /ji/ becomes /ge/, /ga/ becomes /ge/.

practice

/gii-/ changes into /gaa-/, /ga-/ into /ge-/, and /wii-/ into /waa-/. Initial vowel change affects the first syllable of a verb, making no difference of what this first syllable actually is - tense prefix, preverb or a verb itself.

yep

aandi onji

where from

aniish pii

when