Short Terms

Question 1

LOOPING STATEMENTS

Answer 1

Statements execute one or more statements repeatedly several times.

Types of loops: for loop
while
do while.

Question 2

CONDITIONAL STATEMENTS

Answer 2

Perform different computation depending on whether programmer’s specified boolean condition evaluates to false or true.

Question 3

HARDWARE

Answer 3

Physical components of computer system such as CPU,RAM,storage devices, input/output devices.

EX: Keyboard, SSD,display.

Question 4

SOFTWARE

Answer 4

Collection of data or computer instructions that tell a computer how to work.

Such as operating system.

Question 5

PROGRAMMER

Answer 5

Responsible for coding and testing of programs to provide processing functions in a variety of applications.

Question 6

MULTITASKING

Answer 6

User has more than one program open at the same time.

OS allows users to switch between programs with each running in a different window.

Question 7

MULTI USER

Answer 7

OS supports a network where more than one user can access the same data at same time.

Appears to each user as if they are the only same user on the system.

In multi user environment, OS will control access by use of usernames and passwords.

Question 8

DATA STUCTURE

Answer 8

Recognition of sequencing, selection and repetition in programs.

Question 9

PROGRAM STRUCTURE

Answer 9

Recognition of sequencing, selection and repetition within data and recognizing primitive data types.

Question 10

LOADER

Answer 10

Part of OS.

Responsible for loading programs into memory, preparing for execution and then execute them.

Question 11

LINKER

Answer 11

Program that takes one or more objects generated by compilers and assembles them into single executable program.

Question 12

ARRAY

Answer 12

A homogeneous collection of data.

Elements in array are stored on consecutive memory locations.

Question 13

POINTER

Answer 13

Reference of data element which allows it to be retrieved without further search.

Question 14

INTERNAL SORTING

Answer 14

All data to sort are stored in memory at all times while sorting is in progress.

Question 15

EXTERNAL SORTING

Answer 15

Data are stored outside only loaded into memory in small amounts.
Is applied when all data cannot fit into memory entirely.

Question 16

Library Program

Answer 16

Pre written program for immediate use.

Stored in compile format.

Included by programmer within one or more program.

Question 17

ITERATION

Answer 17

One part of program can be repeated or iteratedlimit number of times

RECURSION uses iteration.

Question 18

Packaged software

Answer 18

Refers as off the shelf.

Pre built software designed and developed by third party vendors for wide range of customers.

Ex: Microsoft Office, adobe photoshop, quickbooks

Question 19

INHOUSE APPLICATION/Bespoke

Answer 19

Custom built in software applications by organisation’s internal development team to meet specific business needs.

Ex: banks,insurance companies, government agencies have their software tailored.

Question 20

INFORMATION

Answer 20

Data are processed, interpreted, organized, structured or presented so as to make them meaningful or useful.

Question 21

DATA

Answer 21

Are facts & figures or information that is stored or processed by a computer.

Question 22

DATA VERIFICATION

Answer 22

Used to check that the user has entered data without making mistakes.

Can be check visually or by double entry.

Question 23

DATA VALIDATION

Answer 23

Check accuracy and quality of source data before using,importing, or processing data.

Question 24

SYSTEM SOFTWARE

Answer 24

Manage and operate hardware to provide a platform for operation of application software.
Example: operating system, file management.

Question 25

APPLICATION SOFTWARE

Answer 25

Perform specific series of tasks to benefit end users. Example: word processor, spreadsheet.

Question 26

FLAT FILE

Answer 26

A single table where each row known as record and each column known as field.

Question 27

Internal Memory

Answer 27

Refer as main memory,volatile,directly accessible to CPU. Store program instructions. Example:RAM, Cache memory

Question 28

External Memory

Answer 28

Refer as secondary memory, non volatile, not directly accessible to CPU. Store data and program not currently use by computer. Example: HDD,SSD,CD/DVD,USB drives,memory card.

Question 29

Batch Processing

Answer 29

Keep all transactions Process them into batch. Used with payroll systems. Master file updated periodically to reflect all transactions occurred given time.

Question 30

Online & real time system

Answer 30

Data captured electronically checked,verified & processed. Real time system always need informations on master file be current.

Question 31

Sequential Programming

Answer 31

Program states exact order in which processes are to be executed. More common,easier to learn.

Question 32

Parallel Programming

Answer 32

Multiple tasks executing at same time. Is difficult as working out whether a group of parallel tasks have all finished can be problematic.

Question 33

Queue

Answer 33

Is linear data structure First in First out( FIFO) Queue has beginning and end called front and back of the queue. Data enters queue at one end and leaves at other end.

Question 34

Stack

Answer 34

Is linear data structure Last In First Out (LIFO) Stores data in a way that last piece of data stored is First one retrieved.

Question 35

Flat File

Answer 35

A single table where each row known as records and each columns known as fields.

Question 36

Truncation

Answer 36

Process of limiting the number of digit to the right decimal point.

Question 37

4 types of software methodologies

Answer 37

Waterfall Rapid Development Application Scrum Paired programming

Question 38

Encryption

Answer 38

Encoding information so that it is unreadable. Requires use of an algorithm know as cipher.

Question 39

Debugging

Answer 39

Process of finding and reducing number of bugs or defects in computer system making it behave as expected.

Question 40

Debugging Approaches

Answer 40

Brute force Back tracking Cause elimination.

Question 41

Algorithms used for sorting an array

Answer 41

Bubble sort Insertion sort Quick sort

Question 42

Selection

Answer 42

A section of code is run only if condition is met. Selection is the process of making decision, determine which path program will take next. Execute selectively using if-else or if-then else statements.

Question 43

Inputs

Answer 43

Data entered by programmer or digitally. Inputs stored as variables and used to run program.

Question 44

Outputs

Question 45

Functional Requirements

Answer 45

Software performs required functions,meets specific needs of users.

Question 46

Non Functional Requirements

Answer 46

Meets quality attributes are important to stakeholders, such as performance, security, and usability.

Question 47

Repetition

Answer 47

Refers as loops Set of instructions is repeated a set number of times

Question 48

Local Storage

Answer 48

Stores files on physical server equipment such as flash memory or hard disk drives.

Question 49

2 reasons to use peusdo code

Answer 49

Statemenr is written in simple english Helps programmer develop algorithms.

Question 50

Flowchart

Answer 50

diagram that shows step-by-step progression through a procedure or system especially using connecting lines and a set of conventional symbols