Shoulder

Question 1

12 Step Exam

Answer 1

1. Active elevation
2. Passive elevation
3. GH Abduction and SH Rhythm
4. Passive Horizontal Add
5. Passive ER
6. Passive IR
7. Resisted ADDuction
8. Resisted ABDuction
9. Resisted IR
10. Resisted ER
11. Resisted Flexion
12. Resisted Extension

Question 2

Anterior Instability tests

Answer 2

1. Apprehension- horizontal ABD. shoulder and elbow at 90 degrees.
2. Shoulder relocation- push humeral head back into glenoid fossa
3. Anterior release- let humeral head go, see if it pops up

Question 3

Posterior Instability test

Answer 3

horizontally ADDuct in full medial rotation

Question 4

Ligamentous Laxity

Answer 4

Sulcus sign- pull down on arm, see distance between acromion and humeral head greater tubercle.
tests for multi directional instability

Question 5

Hawkins Kennedy test

Answer 5

Shoulder flexion to 90. Medially rotate humerus.

tests for impingement

Question 6

Neer test

Answer 6

hold scapula down while flexing and ABDucting shoulder, can add medial rotation
tests for impingement

Question 7

Speeds test

Answer 7

flex and extend the shoulder with resistance with palm up and down
tests biceps long head and labrum

Question 8

Empty can test

Answer 8

arms ABDucted to 90, medially rotated so thumb points down.

tests supraspinatus

Question 9

Lift off

Answer 9

active extension and internal rotation

tests subscapularis

Question 10

Lift off lag

Answer 10

passively move arm to extension and internal rotation behind the patient’s back and ask them to maintain the position
tests subscapularis

Question 11

Belly press

Answer 11

Place hand on stomach, push shoulder and elbow out away from body then try to pull hand away from stomach
tests subscapularis

Question 12

Drop arm test

Answer 12

shoulder ABDucted to 90, elbow flexed, see if patient can maintain the position
tests full thickness rotator cuff tear

Question 13

O’Brien’s active compression test

Answer 13

shoulder flexed to 90, internally rotated, horizontal ADDuction 15 degrees, apply downward pressure around elbow. do it again externally rotated to see differences
tests labrum

Question 14

Crank test

Answer 14

in scapular plane, ABDuct to 165 degrees, apply pressure to elbow and crank internal and external

Question 15

Tests for biceps long head and labrum

Answer 15

at 90/90 resisted pronation and supination with external and internal rotation

Question 16

Lateral scapular slide

Answer 16

Measure distance from spinous process of vertebrae to inferior angle

1. Hands down by side
2. With hands on hips
3. In empty can position