Shoulder

Question 1

Protraction (scapula)

Answer 1

Agonist:
- Serratus anterior
- Pec major and minor

Antagonist:
- Trapezius
- Rhomboids

Question 2

Retraction (scapula)

Answer 2

Agonist:
- Trapezius
- Rhomboids

Antagonist:
- Serratus anterior
- Pec major and minor

Question 3

Elevation (scapula)

Answer 3

Agonist:
- Upper fibers trapezius
- Levator scapulae

Antagonist:
- Serratus anterior
- Lower fibers trapezius

Question 4

Depression (scapula)

Answer 4

Agonist:
- Serratus anterior
- Lower fibers trapezius
- Pec major and minor

Antagonist:
- Upper fibers trapezius
- Levator scapulae

Question 5

Upward/lateral rotation (of inferior angle of scapula)

Answer 5

Agonist:
- Trapezius (UFT/LFT)
- Serratus anterior

Antagonist:
- Levator scapulae
- Rhomboids
- Pec minor

Question 6

Downward/medial rotation (of inferior angle of scapula)

Answer 6

Agonist:
- Levator scapulae
- Rhomboids
- Pec minor

Antagonist:
- Trapezius (UFT/LFT)
- Serratus anterior

Question 7

Abduction (humerus)

Answer 7

Agonist:
- Supraspinatus (0-15)
- Deltoid (15-90)
- Serratus anterior (90-180)*
- Trapezius UFT/LFT (90-180)*

Antagonist:
- Pectoralis major
- Latissimus dorsi
- Teres major

Question 8

Internal/medial rotation (humerus)

Answer 8

Agonist:
- Subscapularis
- Pec major
- Latissimus dorsi
- Anterior deltoid
- Teres major

Antagonist:
- Infraspinatus
- Teres minor
- Posterior deltoid

Question 9

External/lateral rotation (humerus)

Answer 9

Agonist:
- Infraspinatus
- Teres minor
- Posterior deltoid

Antagonist:
- Subscapularis
- Pectoralis major
- Latissimus dorsi
- Anterior deltoid

Question 10

Pancoast Tumor

Answer 10

• Tumor at the apex of the lung
• Between ages of 40-60

S&S:
o Severe pain in shoulder region radiating toward the axilla and scapula along the ulnar aspect of the muscle of the hand

o Atrophy of hand and arm muscles

o Horner Syndrome (ptosis, miosis, hemi anhidrosis, enophthalmos)

o Compression of the blood vessels with edema

o Neck pain

o Pain relieved when propping arm up on table or with other arm

Question 11

Increase thoracic kyphosis

Answer 11

Scapula:
- Protracted
- Depressed
- Downwardly rotated
- Anterior tilted

GH joint:
- IR position

Tight muscle:
- Pect Major, minor
- Shoulder internal rotators

Weak muscle:
- Shoulder ER
- Scapular upward rotator: SA, LFT
- Scapular retractor: MFT, Rhomboids

Question 12

Forward head posture

Answer 12

Tight muscle:
- Scalene, UFT, Levator Scapulae, SCM
- Deep neck extensor:
Splenius/Semispinalis/longissimus capitis

Weak:
- Scapular muscles
- Deep neck flexor: longus capitis