Shoulder

Question 1

Scapula plane

Answer 1

Is defined as being 30 degrees anterior to the coronal or frontal plane of the body

Question 2

Muscular force couple

Answer 2

defined as ewo opposing muscular forces working together to enable a particular motion to occur
synergists or agonist/antagonise pairs

Question 3

Duration arm elevation

Answer 3

The deltoid muscle provides force primarily in a supe­rior direction when it contracts unopposed

the rotator cuff must provide a compressive force, as well as an inferiorly or caudally directed force

to minimize superior migration and to minimize contact of the rotator cuff muscles against the acromion

Question 4

Serratus anterior and trapezius

Answer 4

The upper trapezius and the serratus anterior function during the initial 0 to 80 degrees of arm elevation ( providing upward scapular rotation and stabili­zation )

80 to 140 degrees lower trapezius and serratus anterior function ( Primary scapular stabilizer )

Question 5

Glenohumeral resting position

Answer 5

there is maximum range of motion
minimal tension or Stress
Loose pack position
55 and 70 degrees of abduction in the scapular plane

Question 6

Possible causes of pain or limitation of movement

Answer 6

Trauma
Tendinopathy ( especially RC OR BICEPS LONG HEAD)
Spontaneous situations
Osteoarthritis
Inflammatory disorder
Infection
Bursitis
Problem due to muscle imbalance

Question 7

Locations of current symptoms

Answer 7

Surraound of the deltoid
Upper trapezius
Radiated pain to arm

Question 8

Investigate the symptoms

Answer 8

Previous subluxation = be carefull while evaluating the ext rot and abd.
Neurological conditions = feel tingling bilaterally hands and legs, difficulty walking, feel weakness on arms and legs
Vascular symptoms = Does the patient complain of coldness, color change or loss of sensation in the arms or hands?

Question 9

Clinic examinations

Answer 9

Scapula
Hands of hips position
Relation between thorasic wall and scapula
Winging scapula??
Fossa infraspinata = atrophy??

Question 10

Lateral scapular slide test

Answer 10

neutral resting posture with arms at the sides,
hands on hips position,
90 degrees of abduction in the coronal plane with full internal rotation
distance between the Inferior angle of the scapula and the corresponding vertebral spinous process
The distance is measured in centi­meters and is compared bilaterally
bilateral difference of greater than 1 . 5 cm  test positive

Question 11

Kibler scapular assistance test

Answer 11

Ask patients to elevate the arm
the examiner “assists” with upward rotation of the scapula by manually
(*Negation or lessening of the symptoms of pain
improved elevation in ROM *) that means the test is positive

Question 12

Scapular retraction test

Answer 12

Ask patients to elevate the arm
the examiner «retract» the scapula by manually
(*Negation or lessening of the symptoms of pain
improved elevation in ROM * ) that means the test is positive

Question 13

Empty can test

Answer 13

used to assess thesupraspinatus muscleandsupraspinatus tendon.
The patient’s arm should be elevated to 90 degrees in the scapular plane and in a thumbs-down position
Therapist apply a downwardly directed force to the arm
This test is considered positive if the patient experiences pain or weakness with resistance.


Question 14

External rotation of lag sign

Answer 14

Infraspinatus muscle weakness

to assess the presence of a full-thickness rotator cuff tear
The elbow is passively flexed to 90° and the shoulder abducted to 90° and max ext rot.
Maintain this position

Question 15

Lift off or gerbers test

Answer 15

For subscapularis

Place your hand behindof back
The dorsum of the hand is raised off the back
Maintain this position
Subscapularis muscle rupture or dysfunction

Question 16

Neers test

Answer 16

Test is performed by placing the arm in forced flexion with internal rotated
If there’s a pain there’s subacromial pain syndrome

Question 17

Hawkins-Kennedy Test

Answer 17

Elevate the patient’s arm forward to 90 degrees
Force to internal rotation
Reduce the subacromial space
Pain test + for subacromial syndrome

Question 18

Speed test

Answer 18

Patient with arm flexed to 80-90 degrees and forearm supinated
Examiner resist the flexion on patient’s wrist
Pain in the anterior shoulder, site of biceps tendon  test +
For biceps

Question 19

Yergason’s test

Answer 19

Patient with arm pronated and elbow flexed 90 degree
Examiner forces to extension and supination
Pain in the anterior shoulder  test + for biceps

Question 20

Scarf test

Answer 20

Ask patient to place hand on opposite shoulder
Pain indicates AC joint but if there’s limitations its glenohumeral joint

Question 21

Apprehension relaxations test

Answer 21

90 degrees flexion 20 degrees horizontal adduction and external rotation after apply pressure if there’s a pain there labrum lesion and the test is positive

This for instability

Question 22

O’brein test

Answer 22

For labral path