shoulder

Question 1

when to ultrasound the shoulder

Answer 1

suspected impingement syndrome due to RC insufficiency

Question 2

when to use CT on the shoulder

Answer 2

complex fracture-dislocation injuries

Question 3

when to use MRI on the shoulder

Answer 3

RC cuff insufficiency when US is not available or a complex case

Question 4

quebec rules for x-ray for shoulder frx/dislocation

Answer 4

-40 or older AND humeral ecchymosis
- 40 or older AND first dislocation
- younger than 40 AND injury mechanism other than a fall from standing height or atraumatic injury

Question 5

use subacromial view x-ray when…

Answer 5

scapular outlet view (impingement syndrome)

Question 6

views for basic ortho study

Answer 6

true AP, scapular outlet, axillary

Question 7

views to use for scapula fracture

Answer 7

lateral (transscapular Y)

Question 8

views to use for the AC joint

Answer 8

AP stress view (bilateral comparison), with or without weights

Question 9

views to use for Hill Sachs

Answer 9

AP with IR

Question 10

views to use for Bankart

Answer 10

axillary

Question 11

glenoid fossa to humeral head distance

Answer 11

5 mm
< than 5= DJD, RA
> 5mm=joint effusion, acromegaly, post dislocation

Question 12

acromial humeral interval

Answer 12

10.5 average
<7mm= full thickness RTC tear

Question 13

AC joint distance

Answer 13

<8mm

Question 14

coraco-clavicular distance

Answer 14

13 mm

Question 15

axillary view: west point view

Answer 15

visualize glenoid rim

Question 16

Stryker notch view

Answer 16

for recurring dislocations, can see hill sachs lesion

Question 17

lateral axillary view

Answer 17

for posterior dislocation

Question 18

little league shoulder

Answer 18

fracture in the growth plate

Question 19

pneumoarthrogram sign

Answer 19

normal sign, shows gas density within joint to signify that there is not joint effusion present or joint swelling

Question 20

goat’s beard

Answer 20

indicative of arthritis of shoulder, inferior osteophyte

Question 21

most common place to fracture clavicle

Answer 21

middle

Question 22

type 1 clavicle fracture

Answer 22

mid-shaft

Question 23

type 2 clavicle fracture

Answer 23

lateral 3rd

Question 24

type 3 clavicle fracture

Answer 24

proximal third

Question 25

floating shoulder

Answer 25

fracture of the clavicle and scapula neck

Question 26

what clavicle fracture/displacement requires surgery

Answer 26

grades 4-6

Question 27

grade 1 AC joint

Answer 27

incomplete AC ligament tear

Question 28

grade 2 AC joint

Answer 28

complete AC and incomplete CC tear

Question 29

grade 3 AC joint

Answer 29

piano key deformity complete AC and CC

Question 30

grade 4 AC joint

Answer 30

clavicle displaced posteriorly complete AC, CC tear trap/deltoid tear

Question 31

grade 5 AC joint

Answer 31

complete AC, CC tear trap/deltoid significant tearing

Question 32

grade 6 AC joint

Answer 32

inferior dislocation clavicle frequently locked under cojoined tendon

Question 33

subluxation

Answer 33

partial dislocation with relocation

Question 34

drooping shoulder sign

Answer 34

inferior dislocation of the shoulder

Question 35

lightbulb sign

Answer 35

posterior dislocation of the shoulder

Question 36

positive rim sign

Answer 36

increased space between anterior rim of glenoid fossa and medial aspect of humeral head. may be present in a posterior dislocation

Question 37

trough line

Answer 37

humeral head forced posteriorly in IR, anterior aspect of humeral head driven against posterior glenoid rim. posterior shoulder dislocation

Question 38

bankhart lesion

Answer 38

fracture of glenoid, anterior labral detachment

Question 39

Hill Sachs lesion

Answer 39

fracture of humerus

Question 40

type 1 scapular fracture

Answer 40

scapular body fracture

Question 41

type 2 scapular fractures

Answer 41

acromial and coracoid apophyseal fracture

Question 42

type 3 scapular fracture

Answer 42

fracture of superolateral angle which includes glenoid neck and fossa

Question 43

most common scapular fracture?

Answer 43

type 1

Question 44

pt has a dislocation and you are concerned about possible hill sachs lesion

Answer 44

AP with IR

Question 45

if your pt fell on his scapula and you suspect a fracture

Answer 45

transscapular Y

Question 46

if impingement is suspected

Answer 46

scapular outlet view

Question 47

if the humerus is fractured, what movement should we be worried about

Answer 47

wrist and finger extension because of the radial n

Question 48

chondroblastoma

Answer 48

large destructive calcified lesion f proximal humeral epiphysis