Shoulder Flashcards by Charlotte Muir

Trapezius origin

occipital bone, nuchal ligament, C7-12 spinous processes

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Trapezius insertion

Spine of scapula, acromion, clavicle

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Trapezius innervation

Accessory nerve

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Trapezius function

Upper: elevate scapula
Middle: retract
Lower: depress
All: rotate humerus - abduction above 90

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Latissimus dorsi origin

T7-12 spinous processes, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest

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Latissimus dorsi insertion

Intertubercular sulcus

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Latissimus dorsi innervation

Thoracodorsal nerve

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Latissimus dorsi function

Extend, adduct and medially rotate humerus

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Levator scapulae origin

Transverse processes C1-4,

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Levator scapulae insertion

Medial border of scapula

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Levator scapulae innervation

Dorsal scapular nerve

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Levator scapulae function

Elevate scapula

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Rhomboid Major Origin

Spinous processes T2-5

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Rhomboid Major Insertion

Medial border of scapula

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Rhomboid major innervation

dorsal scapular nerve

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Rhomboid major function

retract and rotate scapula

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Rhomboid minor origin

C7-T1

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Rhomboid minor insertion

Medial border at spine level

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Rhomboid minor innervation

Dorsal scapular nerve

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Rhomboid minor function

retract and rotate scapula

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Serratus anterior origin

Ribs 1-8

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Serratus anterior insertion

medial border scapula

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serratus anterior innervation

long thoracic nerve

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serratus anterior function

protracts and laterally rotates scapula

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What is winging of the scapula?

Long thoracic nerve descends from brachial plexus and lies superficial to serratus anterior Long thoracic nerve gets damaged

Pectoralis major origin

Clavicular head: medial clavicle | Sternal head: Sternum, superior 6 costal cartilages, external oblique aponeurosis

Pectoralis major insertion

lateral lip intertubercular sulcus

Pectoralis major innervation

medial and lateral pectoral nerves

Pectoralis major function

adducts and medially rotates lower limb | Clavicular head extends

Pectoralis minor origin

ribs 3-5

Pectoralis minor insertion

coracoid process

Pectoralis minor innervation

Medial pectoral nerve

Pectoralis minor function

stabilises scapular - brings it anteroinferiorly

Subclavius origin

rib 1

Subclavius insertion

middle of clavicle

subclavius innervation

nerve to subclavius

subclavius function

depress and stabilise clavicle

What improves the stability of the shoulder joint?

Glenoid labrum ligaments biceps tendon rotator cuff muscles

What are the ligaments called in the shoulder?

Glenohumeral (3) - superior, middle and inferior Coracohumeral - coracoid process and greater tubercle Transverse humeral - intertubercular sulcus

What prevents the humerus displacing superiorly?

coraco-acromial arch acromion corocoid process coracoacromial ligament

Deltoid origin

acromion, spine of scapula, clavicle

deltoid insertion

deltoid tuberosity

deltoid innervation

axillary nerve

deltoid function

abduct after 15 degrees flex extend

teres major origin

posterior surface inferior angle

teres major insertion

medial lip of intertubercular sulcus of humerus

teres major innervation

lower subscapular nerve

teres major function

adducts and medially rotates

teres minor origin

posterior surface of scapula

teres minor insertion

greater tubercle

teres minor innervation

axillary nerve

teres minor funtion

lateral rotation

supraspinatous origin

supraspinous fossa

supraspinatous insertion

greater tubercle

supraspinatous innervation

suprascapular nerve

supraspinatous function

abducts 0-15

infraspinatus origin

infraspinous fossa

infraspinatus insertion

greater tubercle

infraspinatus innervation

suprascapular nerve

infraspinatus function

lateral rotation

subscapularis origin

subscapular fossa

subscapularis insertion

lesser tubercle

subscapularis innervation

upper and lower scapular nerves

test for supraspinatus

abduct arm against resistance

test for infraspinatous

laterally rotate arm against resistance

test for teres minor

laterally rotate arm against resistance

test for subscapularis

place dorsum of hand to mid-lumbar spine then lift the dorsum of the hand off the back

Which is the most commonly torn rotator cuff muscle? what is the test?

supraspinatous - abduct arm fully and lower slowly with control - arm will fall suddenly at around 90 degrees

What are the boundaries of the quadrilateral space?

Lateral: surgical neck of humerus Medial: long head of triceps Inferior: teres major Superior: teres minor

What are the contents of the quadrilateral space?

axillary nerve | posterior circumflex humeral artery and vein

What is quadrilateral space syndrome?

Transient blockage of posterior humeral circumflex artery and axillary nerve. When arm lies in a position of abduction, extension and external rotation. Shoulder pain and paraesthesia down the arm.

What happens if the suprascapular nerve is paralysed?

Caused by scapula fracture. supraspinatus paralysed - patient can produce first 10-15 degrees of abduction by leaning to one side and letting joint abduct passively

What happens if the axillary nerve is paralysed?

Deltoid paralysed caused by anterior dislocation or surgical neck # weakness and atrophy of deltoid difficulty abduction beyond 15 degrees

Shoulder Flashcards

(73 cards)