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B12 MSK > Shoulder and Arm > Flashcards

Shoulder and Arm Flashcards

1
Q

Which muscles insert onto the:

  1. greater tubercle of the humerus? (3)
  2. lesser tubercle of the humerus? (1)
  3. What does the head of the humerus articulate with?
A
  1. supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor
  2. subscapularis
  3. glenoid cavity of the scapula
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2
Q
  1. What is the anatomical course of the axillary nerve?
  2. What does the axillary nerve innervate (2)
  3. What is the clinical relevance of this?
A
  1. wraps around the surgical neck of the humerus
  2. deltoid muscle (motor) and regimental badge area (sensory)
  3. surgical neck fractures can cause damage to the axillary nerve, leading to paralysis of the deltoid and sensory loss in the regimental badge area
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3
Q

What muscles attach to the:

  1. infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula?
  2. supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula?

Where on the scapula do the following groups of arm muscles attach?

  1. extensors and abductors?
  2. Flexors and adductors?
  3. What is the purpose of the acromion and coracoid processes?
A
  1. long head of triceps
  2. long head of biceps
  3. scapula blade
  4. coracoid process
  5. make the area for shoulder articulation larger
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4
Q
  1. What are the two ligaments that make up the coracoclavicular ligaments?
  2. what is the labrum glenoidale?
  3. What is this structure continuous with?
A
  1. conoid and trapezoid ligaments
  2. fibrocartilaginous ridge surrounding the glenoid cavity, therefore deepens the cavity and creates a seal with the head of the humerus
  3. tendon of the biceps brachii
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5
Q
  1. What are bursae?
  2. What is the function of bursae?

Where are the following bursae located?

  1. subacromial?
  2. subscapular?
A
  1. synovial fluid filled sacs
  2. acts as a cushion between tendons and other joint structures
  3. between acromion and supraspinatus
  4. between subscapularis and scapula
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6
Q
  1. Where do extrinsic muscles of the shoulder originate at attach?
  2. Name the 5 extrinsic muscles of the shoulder?
  3. Where do intrinsic muscles of the shoulder originate and attach
  4. name the 5 intrinsic muscles of the shoulder
A
  1. originate from the torso
    attach to clavicle/scapula/humerus
2. trapezius
    latissmus dorsi
    levator scapulae
    rhomboid major
    rhomboid minor
  1. originate from scapula/clavicle
    attach to the humerus
4. deltoid
    supraspinatus
    infraspinatus
    subscapularis
    teres minor
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7
Q

What are the following muscles innervated by:

  1. trapezius
  2. latissmus dorsi
  3. levator scapulae
  4. rhomboid major
  5. rhomboid minor
A
  1. accessory nerve; C3 and C4
  2. thoracodorsal nerve
  3. dorsal scapular nerve
  4. dorsal scapular nerve
  5. dorsal scapular nerve
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8
Q

What is the insertion and innervation of the following muscles:

  1. supraspinatus
  2. infraspinatus
  3. teres minor
  4. subscapularis
A
  1. greater tubercle of humerus
    suprascapular nerve
  2. greater tubercle of humerus
    suprascapular nerve
  3. greater tubercle of humerus
    axillary nerve
  4. lesser tubercle of humerus
    subscapular nerve
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9
Q
  1. What is the first 1/3 of shoulder movement due to?
  2. What is the latter 2/3 of shoulder movement due to?
  3. What type of shoulder dislocations are the most common?
  4. What are these dislocations usually caused by?
A
  1. movement of the scapula
  2. movement at the glenohumeral joint
  3. anterior dislocations
  4. excessive extension and lateral rotations
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10
Q

What are the borders of the axilla formed by:

  1. apex
  2. lateral wall
  3. medial wall
  4. anterior wall
  5. posterior wall
A
  1. lateral aspect of first rib, superior border of scapula and posterior border of clavicle
  2. inter-tubercular groove of humerus
  3. serratus anterior
  4. pectoral muscles
  5. subscapularis
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11
Q

name the 5 structures contained in the axilla

A
  1. axillary artery
  2. axillary vein - lies anterior to artery
  3. brachial plexus
  4. axillary lymph nodes
  5. biceps brachii and coracobrachialis
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12
Q

What is the clinical relevance of the anatomical relationship between the axillary artery and axillary vein

A

axillary vein lies anterior to the artery.
When inserting a central line into the subclavian vein, catheter is inserted in a lateral to medial direction as to avoid puncturing the subclavian artery

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13
Q

Name the 5 Axillary lymph nodes moving superior to inferior

A
  1. apical/infraclavicular
  2. central
  3. humeral
  4. pectoral
  5. subscapular
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14
Q

What are the 5 divisions of the brachial plexus?

A
  1. roots
  2. trunks
  3. divisions
  4. cords
  5. branches
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15
Q

What are the following brachial plexus cords formed by, and what do they go on and form?

  1. lateral cord
  2. posterior cord
  3. medial cord
A
  1. anterior divisions of superior and middle trunk
    - forms musculocutaneous and median nerves
  2. posterior divisions of all trunks
    - forms axillary and radial nerves
  3. anterior division of inferior trunk
    - forms the median and ulnar nerve
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16
Q

Which nerve roots are the following nerves derived from:

  1. musculocutaneous
  2. axillary nerve
  3. median nerve
  4. radial nerve
  5. ulnar nerve
A
  1. C5, C6, C7
  2. C5 and C6
  3. C6-T1
  4. C5-T1
  5. C8 and T1
17
Q

What parts of the hand do the following nerves innervate:

  1. radial
  2. ulnar
  3. median
A
  1. dorsum of hand. Thumb and index finger
  2. dorsum - ring and little finger
    palm - little finger and medial part of ring finger
  3. palm - thumb, index, and middle finger; lateral part of ring finger
    dorsum - tips of middle, index and lateral half of ring finger
18
Q

What is the consequence of:

  1. radial nerve injury
  2. ulnar nerve injury
  3. median nerve injury
  4. musculocutaneous nerve injury
A
  1. loss of sensation over dorsum of hand between thumb and index finger
    extensor weakness
  2. loss of sensation over medial part of hand
    weakness of wrist flexion
  3. loss of sensation over lateral half of hand
    weakness of flexion
  4. loss of sensation over anterolateral part of forearm
    weakness of elbow flexors
19
Q
  1. What is Erb’s palsy?
  2. When does it commonly occur?
  3. Which nerves are predominantly affected?
  4. What are the 3 effects?
A
  1. injury to upper brachial plexus - C5 and C6 roots
  2. excessive increase in angle between neck and shoulder (passage through birth canal/shoulder trauma) which stretches C5 and C6
  3. musculocutaneous and axillary nerves
  4. paralysis of rotator cuff, deltoid and forearm flexors
    loss of flexion, abduction and lateral rotation
    loss of sensation over lateral aspect of arm
20
Q
  1. What is Klumpke Palsy?
  2. what is it commonly caused by?
  3. What are the 2 effects?
A
  1. lower brachial plexus injury - T1
  2. excessive abduction
  3. paralysis of intrinsic hand muscles
    loss of sensation over medial side of the arm
21
Q
  1. What does the capitulum of the humerus articulate with?
  2. What does the trochlear of the humerus articulate with?
  3. Name the three fossae of the distal humerus
A
  1. radius
  2. ulna
  3. radial fossa
    coronoid fossa
    olecranon fossa
22
Q

What are the borders of the cubital fossa formed by?

  1. lateral border?
  2. medial border?
  3. Name the 4 structures contained in the cubital fossa, lateral to medial
  4. What is the clinical relevance of the aponeurosis of the biceps tendon?
  5. What is the clinical relevance of the cubital fossa in terms of fractures?
A
  1. brachioradialis
  2. pronator teres
  3. radial nerve
    biceps tendon
    brachial artery
    median nerve
  4. lies between the veins in the cubital fossa and other structure - thick and difficult to puncture, making venepuncture relatively safe
  5. displaced fracture fragments from a supracondylar fracture may impinge and damage the contents of the cubital fossa - vascular or nerve damage
23
Q

Name the three articulations of the elbow joint

A
  1. trochlear of the humerus with the olecranon of the ulna
  2. capitulum of humerus and head of radius
  3. head of radius and radial notch of ulna
24
Q

Name the three ligaments that support the elbow joint

A
  1. radial colateral ligament
  2. ulnar colateral ligament
  3. annular ligament of the radius

B12 MSK (12 decks)

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