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Anatomy > Shoulder and arm > Flashcards

Shoulder and arm Flashcards

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1
Q

Types of joints

A

Fibrous, cartilagenous, and synovial

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2
Q

Types of fibrous joints and characteristics

A

Types: sutures, syndesmoses, and gomphoses
Characteristics: solid, not very movable

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3
Q

Types of cartilaginous joints and characteristics

A

Types: synchondroses and symphyses
Characteristics: solid, can change degree of mobility over time, ex. female pelvis

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4
Q

Synovial joint characteristics

A

most movable, most common, joint capsule consists of inner synovial membrane and outer fibrous capsule, has hyaline cartilage lining, some have articular disc.

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5
Q

Ligament connects ____ to_____, while tendons connect _____ to _____.

A

Ligament: bone, bone
Tendons: muscles, bone

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6
Q

Synarthrosis vs. amphiarthrosis vs. diarthrosis

A

no movement, little movement, and a lot of movement

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7
Q

Acromioclavicular joint

A

Bones: acromial process of scapula and clavicle
Type: synovial, plane
Functional type: diarrhetic, gliding and rotation of scapula on clavicle

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8
Q

Glenohumeral Joint/Shoulder

A

Bones: scapula and humerus
Type: synovial, ball + socket/cup+saucer
Functional type: diarrhetic, multiaxial, flexion + extension + adduction + abduction + circumduction + rotation of humerus and arm

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9
Q

Elbow Joint

A

Bones: Ulna + radius with humerus
Type: synovial, hindge
Functional type: diarrhetic, uniaxial, flexion + extension of forearm

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10
Q

Proximal Radioulnar Joint

A

Bones: radius and ulna
Type: synovial, pivot
Functional type: diarrhetic, uniaxial, rotation of radius around long axis of forearm to allow pronation and supination

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11
Q

Distal Radioulnar Joint

A

Bones: radius and ulna
Type: synovial, pivot w/ articular disc
Functional type: diarrhetic, uniaxial, rotation of convex head of ulna in ulnar notch of radius

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12
Q

Sternoclavicular Joint

A

Bones: sternum and clavicle
Type: synovial, shallow saddle with articular disc
Functional type: diarrhetic, multiaxial

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13
Q

Types of shoulder muscles

A

Axioappendicular: connect thorax to upper limbs. Hypaxial.
Scapulahumeral: connects scapula to humerus

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14
Q

Bursa

A

Pillows of synovial fluid that allow for smooth movement. Synovial sheaths are like long bursa.

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15
Q

Ligaments of shoulder region

A

Coracoclavicular (trapezoid + conoid), coracoacromial, glenohumeral (superior, middle, and inferior {at axillary recess})
Transverse ligament of humerus around biceps.

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16
Q

Tendons of shoulder

A

infraspinatus, teres minor, supra spinatus and subscapularis

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17
Q

Bursas of shoulder

A

Subacromial, subdeltoid, subcoracoid, and subscapular (only one that communicates with synovial cavity of joint)

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18
Q

Impingement syndrome involves which tendons?

A

Supraspinatus (tendonitis) and/or subacromial (bursitis)

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19
Q

Scapulahumeral muscles are innervated by ____

A

brachial plexus

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20
Q

Scapulahumeral muscles

A

Deltoid, teres major + minor, subscapularis, supraspinatus, infraspinatus.

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21
Q

Rotator cuff muscles

A

teres minor, subscapularis, supraspinatus, and infraspinatus.

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22
Q

Deltoid attachments

A

Proximal: lateral 1/3 of clavicle, acromion and spine of scapula
Distal: deltoid tuberosity of humerus

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23
Q

Actions of deltoid

A

flexes, medially rotates, abducts, extends, and laterally rotates humerus

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24
Q

Innervation of deltoid

A

axillary nerve

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25
Attachments of teres major
Proximal: posterior surface of inferior angle of scapula Distal: medial lip of inter tubercular (bicipital) groove of humerus
26
Actions of teres major
adducts and medially rotates humerus aka internal rotation
27
Innervation of teres major
lower subscapular nerve
28
Attachments of supraspinatus
Proximal: supraspinous fossa of scapula Distal: superior facet of greater tubercle of humerus
29
Actions of supraspinatus
works with deltoid in abduction of humerus, acts with other rotator cuff muscles in stabilizing shoulder joint
30
Innervation of supraspinatus
suprascapular nerve
31
Attachments of subscapularis
Proximal: subscapular fossa (anterior surface of scapula) Distal: lesser tubercle of humerus
32
Actions of subscapularis
medially rotates and adducts humerus, helps hold humeral head in place
33
Innervation of subscapularis
upper+lower sub scapular nerves
34
Characteristics of subscapularis
Common sports injury in pitchers = rotator cuff tendonitis Injuries here can lead to bicipital tendon instability and biceps tendonitis. Longest and strongest of the rotator cuff muscles.
35
Attachments of infraspinatus
Proximal: infraspinous fossa of scapula Distal: middle facet of greater tubercle of humerus
36
Actions of infraspinatus
laterally rotates humerus, helps hold humeral head in place
37
Innervation of infraspinatus
suprascapular nerve
38
Attachments of teres minor
Proximal: middle part of lateral border of scapula Distal: inferior facet of greater tubercle of humerus
39
Actions of teres minor
laterally rotation of humerus, helps hold humeral head in place
40
Innervation of teres minor
axillary nerve
41
Which muscle's tendon is compressed at angles greater than or equal to 90 degrees and a common injury in the elderly?
Supraspinatus, injured with receptive overhead activities
42
Muscles, artery, and innervation of quadrangular space
Muscles: teres minor + major, lateral + long head of triceps brachii Artery: posterior circumflex humeral Innervation: axillary nerve
43
Triangular Space
Teres minor and major, circumflex scapular artery, long head of triceps brachii = lateral border
44
Triangular interval
Lateral and long head of triceps brachii with teres major at superior border, deep brachial artery, and radial nerve
45
Brachium = | Antebrachium =
Arm | Forearm
46
Elbow joints
Humeroradial at capitulum Humeroulnar at trochlear notch and trochlea Proximal radioulnar at pivot of radius and ulna
47
Dermatomes of Brachial Plexus
C5-8, T1
48
Divisions of Brachial Artery
Originates from axillary artery. 1) Profunda brachii (deep brachial artery) a. posterior descending branch = middle collateral b. anterior descending branch = radial collateral 2) Superior ulnar collateral 3) Inferior ulnar collateral
49
Anterior compartment of arm
``` Flexors Biceps brachii (short + long head), brachial, and coracobrachialis ```
50
Attachments of biceps brachii
Proximal: long head - supraglenoid tubercle of scapula short head - coracoid process of scapula Distal: radial tuberosity and fascia of forearm via bicipital aponeurosis
51
Actions of biceps brachii
supinates forearm, when supine will flex forearm | short head - resists dislocation of shoulder
52
Blood supply and innervation of biceps brachii
Blood supply: brachial artery | Innervation: musculocutaneous nerve
53
Attachments of coracobrachialis
Proximal: coracoid process of scapula Distal: middle 1/3 of medial humeral surface
54
Actions of coracobrachialis
flexes and adducts arm at shoulder joint | resists dislocation of shoulder joint
55
Blood supply and innervation of coracobrachialis
Blood supply: brachial artery | Innervation: musculocutaneous nerve
56
Attachments of Brachialis
Proximal: distal 1/2 of anterior surface of humerus Distal: coronoid process and tuberosity of ulna
57
Actions of Brachialis
Flexes forearm at elbow joint
58
Innervation and blood supply of Brachialis
Blood supply: brachial artery | Innervation: musculocutaneous nerve
59
Posterior compartment of arm
Extensor Triceps brachii (long head {most medial}, lateral head, and medial head), anconeus (stabilizes elbow joint) Innervated by radial nerve
60
Attachments of anconeus
Proximal: lateral epicondyle of humerus Distal: lateral surface of olecranon, superior part of surface of ulna
61
Actions of anconeus
Assists triceps in extension of forearm and stabilizes elbow joint, also abducts ulna during pronation
62
Blood supply and innervation of anconeus
Blood supply: deep brachial artery | Innervation: radial nerve
63
Attachments of triceps brachii
Proximal: long - infraglenoid tubercle lateral - posterior surface of humerus medial - posterior surface of humerus, inferior to radial groove (spiral groove) Distal: proximal end of olecranon and fascia of forearm
64
Actions of triceps brachii
extends forearm at elbow joint, long head - resists dislocation of shoulder joint
65
Blood supply and innervation of triceps brachii
Blood supply: deep brachial artery | Innervation: radial nerve
66
Veins of cubital fossa
cephalic, medial cubital, medial antebrachial, and basilic
67
Boundaries of cubital fossa
Lateral: brachioradialis Medial: pronator teres Superior: imaginary line between medial and lateral humeral epicondyles Roof: skin, superficial & deep fascia, bicipital aponeurosis Floor: supinator and brachialis
68
Contents of cubital fossa
Medial nerve, bifurcation of radial+ulnar arteries, brachial veins, tendon of biceps brachii+bicipital aponeurosis, and radial nerve (deep at supinator + superficial at brachial radialis)
69
What makes up the funny bone?
very superficial ulnar nerve running posterior to medial epicondyle of humerus
70
Contents of posterior cubital region/elbow region
Triceps and olecranon process, anconeus, ulnar nerve, and posterior ulnar recurrent artery
71
Cubital anastomosis
Brachial artery-ulnar artery: Superior ulnar collateral-posterior ulnar recurrent Inferior ulnar collateral-anterior ulnar recurrent Deep Brachial Artery-Radial and Interosseous Arteries: Radial collateral artery-radial recurrent artery Middle collateral artery- interosseous recurrent artery

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