Shoulder and Elbow

Question 1

Lies horizontally at the root of the neck and connects the upper limb from the trunk and allows the limb to move freely from the trunk

Answer 1

Clavicle

Question 2

What number of the ribs does the scapula lies on

Answer 2

2nd-7th

Question 3

Where does the scapula articulates

Answer 3

Acromnion and head of the humerus

Question 4

Articulations of humerus

Answer 4

1. Glenoid cavity of the scapula at the GH joint

2. Head of the radius and trochlear notch of the ulna

Question 5

Normal ROM of Shoulder adduction

Answer 5

0-60

Question 6

Normal ROM of shoulder IR

Answer 6

0-90

Question 7

Muscles of Shoulder Flexion

Answer 7

Anterior Deltoid
Pectoralis Major, clavicular
Biceps Brachii
Corachobrachialis

Question 8

Muscles of Shoulder Extension

Answer 8

Posterior Deltoid
Latissimus Dorsi
Teres Major
Triceps, long head
Pectoralis Major, sternocostal

Question 9

Muscles of Shoulder Abduction

Answer 9

Middle Deltoid

Supraspinatus

Question 10

Muscles of Shoulder Adduction

Answer 10

Pectoralis Major
Latissimus Dorsi
Teres Major
Coracobrachialis
Infraspinatus
Long head, triceps
Anterior and posterior deltoid

Question 11

Muscles of Shoulder IR

Answer 11

Subscapularis
Pectoralis Major
Latissimus Dorsi
Anterior Deltoid
Teres Major

Question 12

Muscles of Shoulder ER

Answer 12

Infraspinatus
Teres Minor
Posterior Deltoid
Supraspinatus

Question 13

Shoulder joint that has fibrocartilaginous disk between articulating surfaces

Answer 13

Sternoclavicular joint

Question 14

Clavicle must elevate how many degrees to allow upward rotation of scapula and shoulder abduction

Answer 14

40 degrees

Question 15

Where acromioclavicular joint is located

Answer 15

Lateral end of clavicle with acromion process of scapula

Question 16

Ligaments of the weak joint which is susceptible to sprain and separation

Answer 16

AC and CC Ligament & thin fibrous capsule

Question 17

Components of Glenohumeral joint

Answer 17

Glenoid fossa and humerus
Labrum
Glenohumeral capsule
Glenohumeral ligaments
Dynamic shoulder stabilizers
Static shoulder stabilizers

Question 18

The fibrocartilage structure that help stabilize the joint

Answer 18

Glenoid Labrum

Question 19

How many percent does then humeral head is in contact with glenoid during elevation of shoulder

Answer 19

25 to 30%

Question 20

Ligament that provides a buffer for the rotator cuff muscle tendons

Answer 20

Coracoacromial Ligament

Question 21

A ligament that attaches to the glenoid to reinforce the shoulder capsule and joint. It also provides stability and prevent translation of the head of the humerus from the glenoid fossa

Answer 21

Glenohumeral ligaments

Question 22

In what angle of the GH ligament in which it prevents anterior shoulder translation

Answer 22

Middle GH ligament

Question 23

In what angle of the GH ligament in which it is the primary anterior ligament stabilizer above 90

Answer 23

Inferior GH Ligament

Question 24

In what angle of the GH ligament in which it prevents translation and provides stability of the shoulder form 0 to 90 of abduction

Answer 24

Superior GH ligament

Question 25

What is Subluxation in GH joint injuries

Answer 25

Incomplete separation of the humeral head from the glenoid fossa with immediate reduction

Question 26

It is a type of GH joint injury where there is translation of the humeral head on the glenoid fossa that may result in subluxation or dislocation

Answer 26

Instability

Question 27

Scapular stabilizers

Answer 27

Trapezius and Serratus Anterior

Question 28

What is Apprehension Test

Answer 28

A feeling of anterior shoulder instability with 90° shoulder abduction and external rotation

Question 29

What is Relocation Test

Answer 29

Supine apprehension test with a posterior-directed force applied to the anterior aspect of the shoulder not allowing anterior dislocation. Positive if the force relieves the feeling of apprehension

Question 30

What is Anterior load-and-shift test

Answer 30

Modified from of the anterior drawer test and humeral head is loaded against the glenoid and then passively displaced anteriorly

Question 31

What is the indication and response of Sulcus Sign

Answer 31

If an indentation develops between the acromion and the humeral head, the test is positive. This suggests increased laxity in the GH joint or called as multidirectional GH instability

Question 32

In what muscle is impingement syndrome common

Answer 32

Supraspinatus

Question 33

The primary movers of abduction/flexion and how many percent

Answer 33

deltoid 50% | rotator cuff 50%

Question 34

What are the muscles and action during humeral head stabilization

Answer 34

Early: teres minor depresses head Late: subscapularis & infraspinatus stabilize head

Question 35

What happens to the rhomboid during adduction & extension

Answer 35

Downwardly rotates & retracts

Question 36

What is the accompanying movements of adduction & extension

Answer 36

retraction, depression, downward rotation with anterior clavicular rotation

Question 37

What happens to the pectoralis minor during adduction & extension

Answer 37

Depresses & downwardly rotates

Question 38

Muscles for Horizontal Adduction

Answer 38

Pectoralis Major & Anterior Deltoid

Question 39

Muscles for Horizontal Abduction

Answer 39

Infraspinatus Teres Minor Posterior Deltoid

Question 40

Subacromial bursae

Answer 40

Cushions rotator cuff muscles (supraspinatus) from laying directly on acromion process

Question 41

Rotator Cuff tears

Answer 41

Pain may feel crepitus, clicking, or catching on overhead activities

Question 42

Rotator Cuff tears

Answer 42

1. Pain may be nocturnal 2. Tenderness over the greater tuberosity or inferior to the acromion on palpation 3. Atrophy of the involved muscle resulting in a gross deformity at the respective area

Question 43

Neer impingement sign

Answer 43

Pain indicates the supraspinatus tendon is compressing between the acromion and greater tuberosity

Question 44

Hawkin's impingement sign

Answer 44

Supraspinatus tendon is compressing against the coracoacromial ligament

Question 45

Empty can (supraspinatus) test

Answer 45

Pain and weakness with arm flexion abduction and internal rotation

Question 46

Drop arm test

Answer 46

Patient is unable to maintain the arm in abduction with or without a force applied

Question 47

Biceps Tendonitis and Rupture

Answer 47

Inflammation of the long head of the biceps tendon occurs at bicipital groove of the humeral head

Question 48

Yergason's Test

Answer 48

Pain at the anterior shoulder with flexion of the elbow to 90 deg and supination of the wrist against resistance

Question 49

Speed's Test

Answer 49

Pain at the anterior shoulder with flexion of the shoulder, elbow extended and supinated against resistance

Question 50

Degree of active flexion w/ forearm supinated

Answer 50

135-145 deg

Question 51

Degree of passive flexion

Answer 51

150-160 deg

Question 52

Muscles of Elbow Flexion

Answer 52

Brachialis Biceps Brachii Brachioradialis Pronator Teres

Question 53

Muscles of Elbow Extension

Answer 53

Triceps | Anconeus

Question 54

Muscles of Forearm supination

Answer 54

Supinator | Biceps Brachii

Question 55

Muscles of Forearm pronation

Answer 55

Pronator quadratus Pronator Teres Flexor Carpi Radialis

Question 56

Muscles that are active in push ups

Answer 56

Flexors and Extensors

Question 57

Muscle that assist the triceps and stabilizer during supination and pronation

Answer 57

Anconeus

Question 58

Works in Flexion in all movements of the forearm

Answer 58

Brachialis

Question 59

A muscle that is active insufficiency in full flexion with shoulders flexed

Answer 59

Biceps

Question 60

A muscle that has no activity in slow ecc flexor movements in supination. Has a mod activity when a load is applied with FA midrange or in full pronation

Answer 60

Brachioradialis

Question 61

Distal end of the radius

Answer 61

Styloid Process

Question 62

Proximal end of the ulna

Answer 62

Olecranon process

Question 63

This bone has a notch on its anterior surface which articulates with the trochlea of the humerus

Answer 63

Trochlear Notch

Question 64

Below the answer in no. 63 is the triangular 1.______ which has on its lateral surface the 2. ______ for articulation with the head of the radius

Answer 64

1. Coronoid process | 2. Radial notch

Question 65

SRUJ Ligaments

Answer 65

Annular Ligaments Quadrate Ligaments Oblique Cord

Question 66

It is a fibrous tissue with an oblique orientation from the radius to the ulna

Answer 66

Interosseous Membrane

Question 67

Muscles of the Posterior Fascial Compartment of forearm

Answer 67

1. Supinator 2. Abductor Pollicis Longus 3. Extensor Pollicis Brevis 4. Extensor Pollicis Longus 5. Extensor Indicis

Question 68

The blood supply of posterior fascial compartment of the forearm

Answer 68

Posterior and Anterior Interosseous Arteries

Question 69

Muscles of the Lateral Fascial Compartment of the Forearm

Answer 69

Brachioradialis and Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus

Question 70

Nerve supply of the posterior fascial compartment of the forearm

Answer 70

Deep Branch of the Radial Nerve

Question 71

Blood supply of the Lateral Fascial Compartment of Forearm

Answer 71

Radial and Brachial Arteries

Question 72

Nerve supply of the Lateral Fascial Compartment of Forearm

Answer 72

Radial Nerve

Question 73

Anterior Osseofascial Cmpartment of the Forearm

Answer 73

Superficial Group 1. Pronator Teres 2. Flexor Carpi Radialis 3. Palmaris Longus 4. Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Intermediate Group 1. Flexor Digitorum Superficialis Deep Group 1. Flexor Pollicis Longus 2. Flexor Digitorum Profundus 3. Pronator Quadratus

Question 74

Blood supply of the anterior osseofascial compartment

Answer 74

Ulnar and Radial Arteries

Question 75

Nerve supply of the anterior oesseofascial compartment

Answer 75

Median Nerve

Question 76

Inflammation of the common flexor tendon at the elbow

Answer 76

Golfer's Elbow or Little Leaguer's (Children) or Pitcher's Elbow

Question 77

Pain may be reproduced with resisted wrist flexion and pronation

Answer 77

Golfer's Elbow

Question 78

Ulnar Neuropathy symptoms may occur secondary to valgus stretch of the nerve

Answer 78

Golfer's Elbow

Question 79

Pain and weakness in grip strength

Answer 79

Lateral Epicondylitis

Question 80

Pain in the lateral epicondyle is seen with the patient making a fist, pronating the forearm, and radially deviating and extending the wrist against resistance by the examiner

Answer 80

Cozen's Test

Question 81

Passive extension of the elbow with forced flexion of the wrist with radial deviation may precipitate pain at the lateral epicondyle

Answer 81

Mill's Test