shoulder and elbow injuries

Question 1

what type of joint is the shoulder joint ?

Answer 1

ball and socket type

Question 2

what are the muscles of the shoulder associated with abduction ?

Answer 2

initiation of abduction - supraspinatus 0-15
15-90 deltoid

Question 3

what are the muscles associated with external rotation of the shoulder ?

Answer 3

infraspinatus
teres minor

Question 4

what are the muscles associated with internal rotation of the shoulder joint ?

Answer 4

subscapularis

Question 5

what are the muscles of the rotator cuff ?

Answer 5

supraspinatus
infraspinatus
teres minor
subscapularis

Question 6

what is the most common cause of shoulder pain ?

Answer 6

subacromial impingement

Question 7

what are the causes of subacromial impingement ?

Answer 7

subacromial bursitis
acromion morphology
all causing rotator cuff tendon inflammation

Question 8

what is the clinical picture of subacromial impingement ?

Answer 8

painful shoulder
painful abduction

Question 9

what are the findings on examination associated with subacromial impingement ?

Answer 9

tenderness over AC joint
painful arc

Question 10

what are the special tests for subacromial impingement ?

Answer 10

scarf test ( integrity of AC joint )
hawkins-kennedy test

Question 11

what is the hawkins kennedy test ?

Answer 11

internal rotation of the shoulder whilst the elbow is at 90 degrees
if it is painful this is positive for shoulder impingement

Question 12

what is the gold standard for the diagnosis of subacromial impingement ?

Answer 12

MRI

Question 13

what is the treatment for subacromial impingement ?

Answer 13

conservative - NSAIDS , injections , physiotherapy
surgery if conservative fails - subacromial decompression

Question 14

what is the clinical picture of rotator cuff tears ?

Answer 14

shoulder pain
inability to initiate abduction

Question 15

what are the special tests done for rotator cuff tears ?

Answer 15

jobe’s test / empty can test - supraspinatus
resisted ER test - infraspinatus
Gerber lift-off test - subscapularis

Question 16

what are the characteristic findings associated with end stage rotator cuff arthropathy ?

Answer 16

rotator cuff insufficiency
glenohumeral cartilage destruction
superior migration of the humeral head
subchondral osteoporosis

Question 17

what is the clinical picture of rotator cuff arthropathy ?

Answer 17

shoulder pain ( with activity and at night )
shoulder weakness
shoulder stiffness

Question 18

what are the findings on examination of rotator cuff arthropathy ?

Answer 18

muscle atrophy
reduced range of motion

Question 19

what surgery cannot be performed in rotator cuff arthropathy ?

Answer 19

total shoulder arthroplasty cannot be used

Question 20

what are the shoulder inflammatory conditions ?

Answer 20

bicipital tendinitis
frozen shoulder

Question 21

what are the examination findings in bicipital tendinitis ?

Answer 21

tenderness over long head of bicep tendon
anterior shoulder pain

Question 22

what is frozen shoulder ?

Answer 22

a condition characterized by functional loss of active and passive range of motion

Question 23

what is the primary vcause of frozen sshoulder ?

Answer 23

adhesive capsulitis

Question 24

what are the associated conditions with frozen shoulder ?

Answer 24

diabetes
thyroid disorders

Question 25

diabetic w masek ketfo ?

Answer 25

frozen shoulder

Question 26

what is the clinical picture of frozen shoulder ?

Answer 26

non specific shoulder pain limitation of active range of motion that affects ADL muscle wasting external rotation more evidently affected

Question 27

if nonoperative management fails in frozen shoulder what is the next best step in management ?

Answer 27

manipulation under anesthesia

Question 28

what is the mmost common direction of dislocatioin oof the shoulder ?

Answer 28

anterior

Question 29

when do we see posterior dislocation of the shoulder ?

Answer 29

electric shocks orr seizures

Question 30

what is the picture of anterior shoulder dislocation ?

Answer 30

arm is externally rotated loss of shoulder contour empty glenoid

Question 31

where is the affection in tennis elbow ?

Answer 31

lateral epicondylosis

Question 32

what is the presentation of tennis elbow ?

Answer 32

pain with resisted wrist extension tenderness over the lateral epicondyle

Question 33

where is the affection in golfers elbow ?

Answer 33

medial epicondylosis

Question 34

what is the presentation with golfers elbow ?

Answer 34

pain with wrist flexion and pronation

Question 35

what is the clinical picture of olecranon bursitis ?

Answer 35

localised swelling at the tip of the elbow

Question 36

what is cubital tunnel syndrome ?

Answer 36

compression neuropathy of the ulnar nerve at the elbow

Question 37

what are the associated conditions of cubital tunnel syndrome ?

Answer 37

medial epicondylosis

Question 38

what is the clinical picture of cubital tunnel syndrome ?

Answer 38

paraesthesia off medial 1 and half fingers partial claw hand intrinsic muscle weakness