Shoulder/Arm/Hand Flashcards by Janel Prather

Proximal Attachment
Medial 1/3 of superior nuchal line
External occipital protuberance
Ligamentum nuchae
Spines and supraspinous ligaments from C7 to T12 
Distal Attachment
Posterior border of lateral 1/3 of clavicle
Acromion
Scapular spine
Innervation
Spinal Accessory Nerve (CN XI)
Ventral rami C3, C4

Trapezius

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Proximal Attachment
Spinous processes of T7-T12
Thoracoumbar fascia
Posterior part of iliac crest
Inferior 3-4 ribs
Distal Attachment
Floor of intertuberous sulcus of humerus
Innervation
Thoracodorsal nerve (C6, C7, C8)

Latissimus Dorsi

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Proximal Attachment
Transverse processes of C1-C4
Distal Attachment
Medial scapular border between superior angle and end of scapular spine
Innervation
Dorsal Scapular (C5) and cervical (C3, C4)

Levator Scapulae

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Proximal Attachment
Lower ligamentum nuchae
Spines of C7 and  T1
Distal Attachment 
Medial end of spine of scapula 
Innervation
Dorsal Scapular (C4, C5)

Rhomboid Minor

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Proximal Attachment
Spines of T2-T5 vertebrae
Distal Attachment 
Medial border of scapula from spine to inferior angle
 Innervation
Dorsal Scapular (C4, C5)

Rhomboid Major

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Proximal Attachment
Lateral 1/3 clavicle
Acromion
Spine of scapula
Distal Attachment
Deltoid Tuberosity
Innervation
Axillary Nerve (C5, C6)

Deltoid

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Proximal Attachment
Inferior scapular angle
Distal Attachment
Medial lip of intertubercular sulcus
Innervation
Lower Subscapular Nerve (C5, C6)-posterior cord

Teres Major

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Proximal Attachment
Suprascapular fossa
Distal Attachment
Superior facet of greater tubercle of humerus
Innervation
Suprascapular Nerve (C4, C5, C6)

Supraspinatus

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Proximal Attachment
Inferior scapular fossa
Distal Attachment
Medial facet of greater tubercle of humerus
Innervation
Suprascapular Nerve (C5, C6)- Lateral Cord

Infraspinatus

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Proximal Attachment
Upper 2/3 of lateral border of scapula
Distal Attachment
Inferior facet of greater tubercle of humerus
Innervation
Axillary Nerve  (C5, C6)

Teres Minor

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Proximal Attachment
Subscapular fossa
Distal Attachment
Lesser tubercle of humerus
Innervation
Upper and Lower subscapular nerves (C5, C6, C7) – Posterior cord

Subscapularis

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Proximal Attachment
Medial half of clavicle
Sternum
Upper six costal cartilages
Distal Attachment
lateral lip of intertubercular sulcus
Innervation
medial and lateral pectoral nerves (C5, C6- clavicular and C6, C7, C8, T1-sternal)

Pectoralis Major

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Proximal Attachment
Ribs 3-5
Distal Attachment
Coracoid process
Innervation
Medial pectoral nerves (C5, C6, C7, C8, T1)

Pectoralis Minor

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Proximal Attachment
Rib 1
Distal Attachment
Inferior clavicle
Innervation
Nerve to subclavius (C5, C6)

Subclavius

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Proximal Attachment
Lateral regions of ribs 1-8
Distal Attachment
Anterior surface of medial border of scapula
Innervation
Long Thoracic Nerve (C5, C6, C7)- Roots of nerves

Serratus Anterior

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Origin
Lateral epicondyle of humerus, radial collateral and annular ligaments, supinator fossa and crest of ulna
Insertion
Lateral, posterior and anterior surfaces of proximal 1/3 of radius
Action
Supinates forearm (i.e., rotates radius to turn palm anteriorly)
Innervation
Deep branch of radial nerve (C5 and C6)
Arterial Supply
Recurrent interosseous artery

Supinator

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Origin
Medial epicondyle of humerus and coronoid process of ulna
Insertion
Middle of lateral surface of radius
Action
Pronates and flexes forearm (at elbow)
Innervation
Median nerve (C6 and C7) 
Arterial Supply
Ulnar artery, anterior recurrent ulnar artery

Pronator Teres

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Origin
Distal 1/4 of anterior surface of ulna
Insertion
Distal 1/4 of anterior surface of radius
Anterior interosseous artery
Pronates forearm; deep fibers bind radius and ulna together
Innervation
Anterior interosseous nerve from median nerve (C8 and T1) 
Arterial Supply

Pronator Quadratus

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Origin
Medial epicondyle of humerus
Insertion
Base of 2nd metacarpal
Action
Flexes and radial flexion (at wrist)
Innervation
Median nerve (C6 and C7) (C6, C7)
Arterial Supply
Ulnar artery

Flexor Carpi Radialis

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Origin
Medial epicondyle of humerus
Insertion
Distal half of flexor retinaculum and palmar aponeurosis
Action
Flexes hand (at wrist) and tightens palmar aponeurosis
Innervation
Median nerve (C7 and C8) (C7, C8)
Arterial Supply
Ulnar artery

Palmaris Longus

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Origin
Humeral head: medial epicondyle of humerus; Ulnar head: olecranon and posterior border of ulna
Insertion
Pisiform bone, hook of hamate bone, and 5th metacarpal bone
Action
Flexes and ulnar flexion (at wrist)
Innervation
Ulnar nerve (C7 and C8) (C7, C8)
Arterial Supply
Ulnar artery

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Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

Origin
Humeroulnar head: medial epicondyle of humerus, ulnar collateral ligament, and coronoid process of ulna; Radial head: superior half of anterior border of radius
Insertion
Bodies of middle phalanges of digits 2 - 5
Action
Flexes middle phalanges at proximal interphalangeal joints of medial four digits; acting more strongly, it also flexes proximal phalanges at metacarpophalangeal joints and hand
Innervation
Median nerve (C7, C8 and T1) (C7, C8, T1)

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Flexor Digitorum Superficialis

Origin
Proximal 3/4 of medial and anterior surfaces of ulna and interosseous membrane
Insertion
Base of the distal phalanx of digits 2 - 5
Action
Flexes distal phalanges at distal interphalangeal joints of medial four digits; assists with flexion of hand
Innervation
Medial part: ulnar nerve (C8 and T1); Lateral part: anterior interosseous branch of median nerve (C8 and T1) (C8, T1)

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Flexor Digitorum Profundus

Origin
Anterior surface of radius and adjacent interosseous membrane
Insertion
Base of distal phalanx of thumb
Action
Flexes phalanges of 1st digit (thumb)
Innervation
Anterior interosseous nerve from median nerve (C8 and T1) (C8, T1)

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Flexor Pollicis Longus

Origin Flexor retinaculum and tubercles of scaphoid and trapezium Insertion Lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of thumb Action Flexes and abducts thumb Innervation Recurrent branch of median nerve (C8 and T1) (C8, T1)

Abductor Pollicis Brevis

``` Origin Proximal 2/3 of lateral supracondyle ridge of humerus Insertion Lateral surface of distal end of radius Action Flexes forearm Innervation Radial nerve (C5, C6 and C7) (C5, C6, C7) ```

Brachioradialis

``` Origin Lateral epicondyle of humerus Insertion Base of 3rd metacarpal Action Extend and abduct hand at wrist joint Radial deviation Innervation Deep branch of radial nerve (C7 and C8) (C7, C8) ```

Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis

``` Origin Lateral supracondyle ridge of humerus Insertion Base of 2nd metacarpal Action Extend and abduct hand at wrist joint Innervation Radial nerve (C6 and C7) (C7, C6) ```

Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus

Origin Lateral epicondyle of humerus Insertion Extensor expansions of medial four digits Action Extends medial four digits at metacarpophalangeal joints; Extends hand at wrist joint Innervation Posterior interosseous nerve (C7 and C8), the continuation of the deep branch of the radial nerve (C7, C8)

Extensor Digitorum

Origin Lateral epicondyle of humerus and posterior border of ulna Insertion Base of 5th metacarpal Action Extends and adducts hand at wrist joint. Ulnar deviation Innervation Posterior interosseous nerve (C7 and C8), the continuation of the deep branch of the radial nerve (C7, C8)

Extensor Carpi Ulnaris

``` Origin Lateral epicondyle of humerus Insertion Extensor expansion of 5th digit Action Extends 5th digit at metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal joints Innervation Posterior interosseous nerve (C7 and C8), the continuation of the deep branch of the radial nerve (C7, C8) ```

Extensor Digiti Minimi

Origin Posterior surface of ulna and interosseous membrane Insertion Extensor expansion of 2nd digit (medial phalanx) Action Extends 2nd digit and helps to extend hand Innervation Posterior interosseous nerve (C7 and C8), the continuation of the deep branch of the radial nerve (C7, C8)

Extensor Indices

Origin Posterior surfaces of radius and interosseous membrane Insertion Base of proximal phalanx of thumb Action Extends proximal phalanx of thumb at carpometacarpal joint Innervation Posterior interosseous nerve (C7 and C8), the continuation of the deep branch of the radial nerve (C7, C8)

Extensor Pollicis Brevis

Origin Posterior surface of middle 1/3 of ulna and interosseous membrane Insertion Base of distal phalanx of thumb Action Extends distal phalanx of thumb at carpometacarpal and interphalangeal joints Innervation Posterior interosseous nerve (C7 and C8), the continuation of the deep branch of the radial nerve (C7, C8)

Extensor Pollicis Longus

Origin Flexor retinaculum and tubercles of scaphoid and trapezium Insertion Lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of thumb Action Abducts thumb and helps oppose it Innervation Recurrent branch of median nerve (C8 and T1) (C8, T1)

Abductor Pollicis Brevis

Origin Flexor retinaculum and tubercles of scaphoid and trapezium Insertion Lateral side of 1st metacarpal Action Draws 1st metacarpal laterally to oppose thumb toward center of palm and rotates it medially Innervation Recurrent branch of median nerve (C8 and T1) (C8, T1)

Opponens Pollicis

Origin Flexor retinaculum and tubercles of scaphoid and trapezium Insertion Lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of thumb Action Flexes thumb Innervation Recurrent branch of median nerve (C8 and T1) (C8, T1)

Flexor Pollicis Brevis

``` Origin Pisiform Insertion Medial side of base of proximal phalanx of little finger Action Abducts little (5th) finger Innervation Deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8 and T1) (C8, T1) ```

Abductor Digiti Minimi

Origin Hook of hamate and flexor retinaculum Insertion Medial side of base of proximal phalanx of little finger Action Flexes proximal phalanx of little (5th) finger Innervation Deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8 and T1) (C8, T1)

Flexor Digiti Minimi

``` Origin Hook of hamate and flexor retinaculum Insertion Medial border of 5th metacarpal Action Draws 5th metacarpal anteriorly and rotates it, bringing little finger (5th digit) into opposition with thumb Innervation Deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8 and T1) (C8, T1) ```

Opponens Digiti Minimi

Origin Oblique head: bases of 2nd and 3rd metacarpals, capitate, and adjacent carpals; Transverse head: anterior surface of body of 3rd metacarpal Insertion Medial side of base of proximal phalanx of thumb Action Draws 1st metacarpal laterally to oppose thumb toward center of palm and rotates it medially Innervation Deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8 and T1) (C8, T1)

Adductor Pollicis

Origin 1 - 3: Palmar surfaces of 2nd, 4th and 5th metacarpals (unipennate muscles) Insertion 1 - 3: Extensor expansions of digits and bases of proximal phalanges of digits 2, 4 and 5 Action 1 - 3: Adduct digits toward axial line and assist lumbricals in flexing metacarpophalangeal joints and extending interphalangeal joints Innervation Deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8 and T1) (C8, T1)

Interosseous Mucles, Palmar

``` O:Tendons of FDP I: Tendons of Extensor digitorum N: median and ulnar A: Finger flexion(metacarpophalangeal) A: Finger ext: Interphalangeal ```

Lumbricales

Origin 1 - 4: Adjacent sides of two metacarpals (bipennate muscles) Insertion 1 - 4: Extensor expansions and bases of proximal phalanges of digits 2 - 4 Action 1 - 4: Abduct digits from axial line and act with lumbricals to flex metacarpophalangeal joints and extend interphalangeal joints Innervation Deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8 and T1) (C8, T1)

Interosseous Muscles, Dorsal

Origin: Manubrium sternal and medial portion of the clavicle Insertion: Mastoid process of the temporal bone, superior nuchal line Nerve Motor: accessory nerve sensory: cervical plexus Actions Acting alone, tilts head to its own side and rotates it so the face is turned towards the opposite side. Acting together, flexes the neck, raises the sternum and assists in forced inspiration.

Sternocleidomastoid

``` Origin: Cervical vertebrae (CII-CVII) Insertion: First and second ribs Nerve: Cervical nerves (C3-C6) Actions: Elevation of the ribs when contracts ```

Scalene Muscles

``` Proximal Attachment apex coracoid process (short head) supraglenoid turbercle (long head) Distal Attachment radial tuberosity (biceps tendon deep fascia of anterior forearm (aponeurosis) Innervation Musculocutaneous (C5, C6, C7)- Lateral cord Action powerful supinator of forearm powerful flexor of elbow joint weak flexor of shoulder joint ```

Biceps Brachii

``` Proximal Attachment tip of coracoid process Distal Attachment Middle third of medial surface of humerus Innervation Musculocutaneous (C5, C6, C7) Action Flexes arm Adducts arm Stabilizes glenohumeral joint ```

Coracobrachialis

O: Distal half of humerus I: Coronoid process of ulna

Brachialis

Proximal Attachment infraglenoid tubercle of scapula (long head) posterior surface of humeral shaft-below radial groove (medial head) posterior surface of humerus-above radial groove (lateral head) Distal Attachment olecranon process of ulna via common tendon Innervation Radial Nerve (C6, C7, C8) Action Chief extensor of forearm

Triceps Brachii

``` Proximal Attachment Lateral epicondyle of humerus Distal Attachment Lateral surface of olecranon Superior part of posterior surface of ulna Innervation Radial Nerve (C7, C8, T1) Action Assists triceps in extending forearm Stabilizes elbow joint ```

Anconeus

Shoulder/Arm/Hand Flashcards

(51 cards)