Shoulder complex

Question 1

What makes up the shoulder complex?

Answer 1

pectoral girdle: manubrium of sternum, clavicle, scapula

humerus

Question 2

What are the synovial joints present in the shoulder complex?

Answer 2

sternoclavicular
acromioclavicular
glenohumeral

Question 3

What the functional joints present in the shoulder joint?

Answer 3

subdeltoid

scapulothoracic

Question 4

Describe the sternoclavicular joint, blood supply, nerve supply and its clinical applications.

Answer 4

Sternoclavicular joint is the link between the thorax and upper limb. It is a saddle joint.

There are 3 ligaments: sternoclavicular, interclavicular, costoclavicular

BS: suprascapular, internal thoracic
NS: supraclavicular

clinical applications: sternoclavicular subluxation - direct trauma to chest, vessels root of neck susceptible to injury

Question 5

Describe the acromioclavicular joint, blood supply, nerve supply and its clinical applications.

Answer 5

The connection between acromial end of clavicle and the scapula. It is a plant joint.

There are intrinsic and extrinsic ligaments.
Intrinsic: acromioclavicular
Extrinsic: coracoclavicular (trapezoid, conoid)

BS: suprascapular, thoracoacromial
NS: axillary, supraclavicular, lateral pectoral

Clinical applications: shoulder separation
Grade 1 - stretched, coracoclavicular lig intact
Grade 2 - torn and disrupted, coracoclavicular intact
Grade 3 - coracoclavicular rupture: wide separation of joint

Question 6

Describe the glenohumeral joint, blood supply, nerve supply and its clinical applications.

Answer 6

Also known as the shoulder joint, it has a glenoid labrum to deepen the socket. It is a ball and socket joint.

Intrinsic and extrinsic ligaments:
Intrinsic - glenohumeral, coracohumeral
extrinsic - transverse humeral, coracoacromial

Rotator cuff muscles also act as dynamic ligaments to support shoulder joint. (subscapularis, infraspinatus, teres minor, supraspinatus)

Blood supply: circumflex humeral arteries
Nerve supply: axillary, suprascapular, lateral pectoral

Deficiencies: anterolateral tendon of long head biceps, anterior glenohumeral ligament, inferior articular capsule

Greatest stability: abducted and externally rotated

Clinical applications: glenohumeral joint dislocation - anterior most common (abduction and external rotation), posterior (adducted and internally rotated)

Question 7

What are the actions of sternoclavicular joint?

Answer 7

protraction and retraction of scapula

Question 8

What are the actions of acromioclavicular joint?

Answer 8

winging of scapula to change plane of shoulder joint