Shoulder Conditions Flashcards
(37 cards)
What is thoracic outlet syndrome?
Compression of neurovascular structures from the neck into the axilla.
What are the common compression points in thoracic outlet syndrome?
- Between rib 1 and the clavicle 2. Between anterior scalene and middle scalene 3. Pectoralis minor and coracoid process.
Who is commonly affected by thoracic outlet syndrome?
Overhead athletes and individuals with extended posture and protracted anterior GH.
What are the symptoms of neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome?
Numbness, tingling, weakness, and pain in the arm and fingers, often affecting the ulnar nerve distribution.
What are the symptoms of arterial thoracic outlet syndrome?
Coldness, paleness, reduced pulses, potential claudication, and ischemia in the hand.
What are the symptoms of venous thoracic outlet syndrome?
Swelling, heaviness, bluish discoloration, and distended veins in the neck or chest.
What are key findings in the examination of thoracic outlet syndrome?
Observation of posture, discoloration, pain in the neck, shoulder, arm, and hand, and possible neuro changes.
What is the management for thoracic outlet syndrome?
Education, load/activity management, manual therapy, exercise rehabilitation, and possible surgical intervention.
What is the first choice of diagnostic imaging for acute shoulder injuries?
X-ray.
What is the common cause of acromioclavicular injury?
Trauma, usually from a fall onto the shoulder.
What are the types of traumatic acromioclavicular injuries?
Type 1: Sprain on capsule. Type 2: Tearing of AC ligaments. Type 3-6: Complete tearing with varying levels of displacement.
What are the clinical features of acromioclavicular injury?
History of trauma, localized pain over AC joint, palpable tenderness, swelling, and positive AC crossover test.
What is the management for Type 1 acromioclavicular sprain?
Sling immobilization for up to 1 week, ice for pain relief, and range of motion exercises.
What are SLAP lesions?
Lesions to the superior labrum that extend from the anterior to posterior aspects of the biceps tendon.
What are the clinical features of SLAP lesions?
Localized pain, popping, catching, grinding, and tenderness over the anterior shoulder.
What is adhesive capsulitis?
Loss of GHJ ROM >25% in at least 2 movement planes and at least 50% in ER at 0 degrees compared to the other side.
What are the key findings for adhesive capsulitis examination?
Atrophy of rotator cuff muscles, loss of both passive and active ROM, and pain at the capsule’s stretching point.
What is the management for pain-dominant adhesive capsulitis?
Pain relief, intra-articular injection, hydrodilatation, and exercises without significant pain.
What is subacromial pain syndrome (SAPS)?
Non-traumatic, usually unilateral shoulder pain around the acromion, worsening with arm lifting.
What are the examination findings for SAPS?
Decreased painful abduction, swelling, scapular protraction, and positive orthopedic tests.
What is the management for SAPS?
Education, load management, relative rest, corticosteroid injections, manual therapy, and exercise rehabilitation.
What are the classifications of rotator cuff injuries?
Grade 1: Strain without tearing. Grade 2: Partial tearing. Grade 3: Complete rupture.
What are key findings for rotator cuff muscle injury diagnosis?
Decreased active ROM, decreased active resisted testing, scapula protraction, and tenderness on palpation.
Key findings for diagnosing rotator cuff muscle injury
Decreased active ROM with minimal disruption to passive ROM, decreased active resisted testing in individual RC muscle likely due to pain, observation of scapula protraction, atrophy in long-term degenerative pathologies, tenderness on palpation, and specific orthopedic tests.
