Shoulder girdle and shoulder joint

Question 1

Which structures articulate in order to form the shoulder joint?

Answer 1

Head of the humerus and glenoid fossa

Question 2

What is each articular surface covered by?

Answer 2

Hyaline cartilage

Question 3

Articular disc that lies in the glenoid cavity and is usually deep

Answer 3

Glenoid labrum

Question 4

Why do we need the glenoid labrum to be deep ?

Answer 4

To stabilize the joint

Question 5

What does the fibrous membrane form when it thickens?

Answer 5

ligaments

Question 6

What does the fibrous membrane form when it thickens?

Answer 6

ligaments

Question 7

What does the fibrous membrane attach to?

Answer 7

Margin of the glenoid cavity

Question 8

Where is the coraco humeral ligament located

Answer 8

Superiorly, between coracoid process and humerus (Coracohumeral ligament)

Question 9

Where are transverse humeral ligaments located?

Answer 9

Between greater and lesser tubercles of the humerus
- Transverse humeral ligament

Question 10

Where is the Coraco acromial ligament located?

Answer 10

Between coracoid process and acromion process
- Coraco-acromial ligament

Question 11

Bursae

Answer 11

Synovial membrane protrudes through to form bursae.

Question 12

Why does it protrude?

Answer 12

• To reduce friction between tendons and other structures

Question 13

What is the most consistent bursa?

Answer 13

the subtendinous bursa

Question 14

Where is the subtendinous bursa found?

Answer 14

• Between subscapularis muscle and fibrous membrane

Question 15

Where is the subacromianal bursa found?

Answer 15

Between acromion and supraspinatus muscle
- Between deltoid and supraspinatus muscles

Question 16

Where deos the trapezius muscle originate?

Answer 16

Superior nuchal line
External occipital protuberance
Nuchal ligament
Spinous process of C7 to T 12

Question 17

Where deos the trapezius muscle insert

Answer 17

Upper fibres on lateral 1/3 of the clavicle
- Middle fibres on acromion and scapula spine
- Lower fibres on tubercle of scapula spine

Question 18

What makes up the shoulder girdle?

Answer 18

Shoulder girdle formed by scapula and clavicle
Girdle is the link between the thorax and upper limb.

Question 19

What action does the trapezius play a role in?

Answer 19

• Scapula elevation, scapula rotation during abduction (Upper)
  
  • Scapula retraction (Middle fibres)
  • Scapula depression (Lower fibres)

Question 20

what are the nerves that run through the trapezius muscle.

Answer 20

• Accessory nerve (CN XI)

Question 21

Where does the levator scapulae muscle originate?

Answer 21

• Transverse processes of C1-C4

Question 22

Where deos the levator scapulae muscle insert?

Answer 22

• Superior border of the scapula

Question 23

What action deos the levator scapula muscle perform

Answer 23

• Shoulder elevation
  
  • Assists in lateral rotation of the scapula

Question 24

What are the nerves that run through the levator scapulae muscle?

Answer 24

Dorsal scapular nerve (C5)
- Anterior rami of C3-C5 spinal nerves

Question 25

Where deos the Rhomboid minor muscle lie?

Answer 25

Lies deep to trapezius

Question 26

Where deos the Rhomboid minor muscle originate?

Answer 26

Lower end of nuchal ligament - Spinous process of C7 – T1

Question 27

Where deos the Rhomboid minor muscle insert?

Answer 27

- Medial border of the scapula - Until root of the spine of the scapula

Question 28

What action deos the rhomboid minor and major perform

Answer 28

- Holds scapula against the thoracic wall - Retracts the scapula - Assists in elevation of the scapula

Question 29

What nerves run through the rhomboid minor and major muscle

Answer 29

Dorsal scapular nerve (C4 - C5)

Question 30

What deos the serratus anteriour muscle originate?

Answer 30

Finger-like processes from ribs 1 – 8 laterally

Question 31

Where deos the serratus anterior muscle insert?

Answer 31

Costal surface of the medial border of the scapula

Question 32

What actions deos serratus anterior perform?

Answer 32

Holds scapula against the thoracic wall - Protraction and rotation (in abduction) of the scapula

Question 33

What are the nerves that run through the serratus anterior muscle

Answer 33

Long thoracic nerve (C5 - C7)

Question 34

Where does the subclavius muscle originate?

Answer 34

- First rib and its costal cartilage

Question 35

Where does the subclavius muscle insert?

Answer 35

Inferior surface of the middle 1/3 of the clavicle

Question 36

What are it's actions( subclavius muscle)

Answer 36

Anchors and depresses the clavicle

Question 37

What are some of the nerves that run through the subclavius?

Answer 37

Nerve to subclavius (C5 – C6)

Question 38

Where deos the Pectoralis major muscle lie?

Answer 38

Lies deep to the breast - Separated from it via the deep fascia

Question 39

Where does the pectoralis major muscle originate?

Answer 39

Anterior border of the medial half of the clavicle - Anterior surface of the sternum and ribs 1-7 costal cartilage - Aponeurosis of the External oblique muscle

Question 40

Where does the pectoralis major muscle insert?

Answer 40

Lateral lip of intertubercular sulcus of the humerus

Question 41

What actions does the pectoralis major muscle perform?

Answer 41

Adduction - Medial rotation - Clavicular fibres flex at the shoulder joint

Question 42

What are the nerves that run through it? (pec major?)

Answer 42

- Medial and lateral pectoral nerves

Question 43

Where deos the pectoralis minor muscle originate?

Answer 43

Anterior surfaces and superior border of ribs 3 to 5

Question 44

Where deos the pectoralis minor muscle insert

Answer 44

Medial border of the coracoid process of the scapula

Question 45

What actions deos the pectoralis minor muscle perform?

Answer 45

Protracts and depresses shoulder

Question 46

What nerves run through the pectoralis minor muscle perform?

Answer 46

Innervation by the Medial pectoral nerve

Question 47

Where does the latissimus dorsi muscle?

Answer 47

- Spinous processes of T7 to L5 - Posterior surface of the sacrum - Posterior part of iliac crest - Rib 9 - 12

Question 48

Where does the latissimus dorsi muscle insert?

Answer 48

- Floor of the intertubercular sulcus

Question 49

What actions deos the latissimus dorsi muscle perform?

Answer 49

- Extension - Medial rotation - Adduction

Question 50

What actions deos the latissimus dorsi muscle perform?

Answer 50

- Extension - Medial rotation - Adduction

Question 51

What nerves run through the latissimus dorsi muscle?

Answer 51

Thoracodorsal nerve (C6 – C8