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RAD 411 > shoulder, humerus and elbow > Flashcards

shoulder, humerus and elbow Flashcards

1
Q

find diagram and label all parts the humerus, shoulder and elbow

A
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2
Q

what are the 4 joints found in the shoulder

A
  • Gleno-humeral joint
  • acromioclavicular joint
  • sternoclavicular joint
  • scapula-thoracic joint
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3
Q

what type of joint is the Glenn-humeral joint

A

synovial ball and socket

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4
Q

what type of joint is the acromioclavicular joint

A

synovial plane

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5
Q

what type of joint is the sternoclavicular joint

A

synovial saddle

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6
Q

what is different about the scapula-thoracic joint compared to the 3 other shoulder joints

A
  • not a TRUE anatomical joint
  • its a junction between scapula and thoracic cage
  • concave surface of inferior scapula glides across the convex surface of the thoracic cage
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7
Q

what areas can be palpitated on the clavicle

A
  • acromioclavicular joint
  • sternoclavicular joint
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8
Q

what areas can be palpitated on the scapular

A
  • spine of scapula
  • coracoid process
  • inferior angle of scapula
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9
Q

what areas can be palpitated on the humerus

A
  • head of humerus
  • bicipital groove
  • distal humeral epicondyle
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10
Q

what areas can be palpitated on the ulna

A

olecranon process

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11
Q

what is expected of an AP humerus XRAY

A
  • elbow and shoulder joints
  • humeral head and greater tubercle in profile
  • outline of lesser tubercle seen between the humeral head and greater tubercle
  • soft tisse
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12
Q

what is expected of a lateral humeral xray

A
  • elbow and shoulder joints
  • superimposed humeral epicondyles
  • greater tuberosity superimposed over humeral head
  • soft tissue
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13
Q

what should be seen on an AP shoulder xray

A
  • soft tissue margins
  • greater tuberosity on lateral side of humerus
  • outline of lesser tuberosity between humeral head and greater tubercle
  • humeral head
  • acromioclavicular joint space
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14
Q

what is there bicipital groove also known as

A

inter tubercular groove

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15
Q

how can you tell if the humerus is rotated or not on a shoulder xray

A
  • if externally rotated, greater tubercle is more lateral
  • if neutral, greater tuberosity remains on the lateral side with less tuberosity seen in middle of humeral head
  • if internally rotated, greater tuberosity is seen on medial side of humeris
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16
Q

what is difference in purpose of an AP shoulder and a true ap shoulder

A
  • ap = see the acromioclavicular joint space plus other AOI
  • true = see the Glenn-humeral joint space plus other AOI
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17
Q

What should be seen on an AP elbow xray

A
  • radial head, neck and tuberosity slightly superimposed over proximal ulnar
  • elbow joint space clear
  • no rotation of humeral epicondyles
  • soft tissue margines
18
Q

how can you tell if the humerus is rotated in an elbow scan

A
  • if the coronoid and olecranon fossa is approximately equidistance to epicondyles
19
Q

what should you see on a lateral elbow xray

A
  • elbow joint space clear and open
  • superimposed humeral epicondyles
  • radial tuberosity facing anteriorly
  • olecranon process in profile
20
Q

what are the 4 muscles of the rotator cuffs

A
  • supraspinatous
  • infraspinatous
  • subscapularis
  • teres minor
21
Q

find a diagram and label the 4 rotator cuffs

A
22
Q

where is the origin of the supraspinatous muscle and where does it attach to

A
  • origin = supraspinous fodda
  • inserts at the capsule of shoulder and greater tuberosity
23
Q

what is the innervation of the supraspinatous muscle + what landmark

A
  • supra scapular nerve
  • c5/c6
24
Q

what is the function/purpose of the supraspinatous muscle

A
  • abduction of arm in shoulder
  • resists downward force of gravity and weight-bearing
  • stabilises humeral head into glenoid fossa
25
Q

where is the origin of the infraspinatous muscle and where does it attach to

A
  • infraspinous fossa
  • capsule and middle facet of greater tuberosity of humerous
26
Q

what is the innervation of the infraspinatous muscle + what landmark

A
  • axillary nerve
  • c5/c6
27
Q

what is the function/purpose of infraspinatous muscle

A
  • lateral rotates arm
  • upper fibres abduct arm at shoulder
  • lower fibres adduct arm at shoulder
  • stabilises humeral head into glenoid fossa
28
Q

where is the origin of the teres minor muscle and where does it attach to

A
  • upper 2/3 dorsal surface of lateral border of scapula
  • capsule and lower facet of greater tuberosity of humerus
29
Q

innervation of teres minor?

A
  • supra scapular nerve
  • c5/6
30
Q

purpose/function of teres minor?

A
  • laterally rotates arm
  • weak adductor of arm at shoulder
  • stabilises humeral head into glenoid fossa
31
Q

where is the origin of the subscapularis muscle and where does it attach to

A
  • sub scapular fossa on anterior surface of scapular
  • capsule and to lesser tuberosity of humerus
32
Q

innervation of subscapularis + landmark

A
  • upper and lower sub scapular nerves
  • c5/6
33
Q

function/purpose of subscapularis

A
  • medially rotates arms
  • assists in all ranges of movement depending on arm position
  • stabilises humeral head into glenoid fossa
34
Q

what is a hill-sacks fracture

A
  • an injury that occurs secondary to an anterior shoulder dislocation
  • humeral head ‘collides’ with the anterior part of the glenoid, causing a lesion, bone loss, defect and deformity of the humeral head
35
Q

what shoulder projection would you do to identify a hill-sacks fracture

A

axial

36
Q

what shoulder view would you to see a fractured humeral neck

A

Y shoulder view

37
Q

what shoulder projection would you do to see fractures scapula especially the acromion

A

axial

38
Q

what are the 2 standard clavicle views

A
  • ap
  • 30 degrees cranial view
39
Q

why would you angle the tube 30 degrees cranially for a clavicle xray

A

straightens out the clavicle and projects most of it above the scapula and second and third rib

40
Q

if there is a large gap between the receptor and patient armpit when doing a axial shoulder (maybe due to injury and inability to abduct wide), what can be done to compensate/ reduce magnification

A

increase the SID

41
Q

how can over or under rotation of the torso affect the shoulder anterior oblique ( Y projection ) image

A

the ribs will be superimposed over region of intrest

42
Q
A

RAD 411 (29 decks)

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