Shoulder Joint. Rotator Cuff Muscles and Shoulder Joint Muscles

Question 1

What type of joint is the shoulder joint?

Answer 1

Synovial ball and socket

Question 2

What are the articular surfaces in the shoulder joint?

Answer 2

Head of the humerus

Glenoid cavity of scapula

Question 3

What surrounds the socket of the shoulder joint?

Answer 3

Glenoid/acetabular labrum

Rim of cartilage

Question 4

What is the function of the glenoid labrum?

Answer 4

Increase depth of shoulder joint

Add stability to shoulder joint

Question 5

Identify the structures labelled 1-5

SHOULDER LIGAMENTS

Answer 5

1- Coracohumeral ligament

2- Joint capsule

3- Coraco-acromial ligament

4- Glenohumeral ligaments

5- Transverse humeral ligament

Question 6

What is the function of the glenohumeral ligaments?

Answer 6

Strengthen the anterior aspect of the joint capsule

Question 7

What is the function of the coracohumeral ligament?

Answer 7

Strengthens the superior aspect of the joint capsule

Question 8

What structures make up the coraco-acromial arch?

Answer 8

Acromion

Coracoid process of scapula

Coraco-acromial ligamenyt

Question 9

What is the weakest part of the shoulder joint capsule and why?

Answer 9

The inferior part of the capsule

It is not protected by muscles or ligaments

Question 10

What is the main function of bursae?

Answer 10

Provide cushioning around joints via their fluid filled interior

Question 11

Which bursa communicates with the shoulder joint cavity?

Answer 11

The subscapular bursa

Question 12

Identify the structures labelled 1-3

Answer 12

1- Subacromial bursa

2- Glenoid/acetbular labrum

3- Inferior pouch of glenohumeral joint capsule

Question 13

What is the role of the subacromial bursa?

Answer 13

Allows movement of the supraspinatous tendon and deltoid

Question 14

What common sporting injury damages the subacromial bursa?

Answer 14

Shoulder dislocation

Question 15

Identify the structures labelled 1-4

ROTATOR CUFF MUSCLES

Answer 15

1- Subscapularis

2- Supraspinatus

3- Infraspinatus

4- Teres minor

Question 16

What are the actions of the rotator cuff muscles on the glenohumeral joint?

Answer 16

Abduction

Adduction

Medial rotation

Question 17

What is the most important function of the rotator cuff muscles?

Answer 17

To hold the humeral head in the glenoid cavity

Question 18

What are the attachments of the deltoid muslce?

Answer 18

Lateral spine of scapula

Lateral third of clavicle

Question 19

What are the actions of the anterior fibres of the deltoid?

Answer 19

Medially rotates and flexes at the shoulder joint

Question 20

What are the actions of the middle fibres of the deltoid?

Answer 20

Abducts at the shoulder joint

Question 21

What are the actions of the posterior fibres of the deltoid?

Answer 21

Extends and laterally rotates at the shoulder joint

Question 22

What is the nerve supply to the deltoid?

Answer 22

Axillary nerve

C5 + C6

Question 23

In what common injury is the axillary nerve often trapped and damaged?

Answer 23

Shoulder dislocation

Question 24

In which dermatomes would you check for damage of the axillary nerve?

Answer 24

C5 and C6

Question 25

What are the attachments of pectoralis major?

Answer 25

Medial third of the clavicle Sternum Ribs

Question 26

What action does pectoralis major have on the shoulder joint?

Answer 26

Adduct and medially rotate the humerus

Question 27

Where is the deltopectoral triangle?

Answer 27

Triangular space below the clavicle and between the deltoid and pectoralis major

Question 28

What vein is found in the deltopectoral triangle?

Answer 28

Cephalic vein

Question 29

What are the actions of serratus anterior?

Answer 29

Stabilise scapula during limb movements and keep it pulled against thoracic cage (MAIN FUNCTIONS) Protraction of scapulae

Question 30

What is the nerve supply of serratus anterior?

Answer 30

Long thoracic nerve C5-7

Question 31

What clinical sign is seen when the long thoracic nerve is injured?

Answer 31

Scapular winging

Question 32

What is the function of the superior, middle and inferior fibres of the trapezius?

Answer 32

Supeior fibres- elevates the scapula Middle fibres- retracts the scapula Inferior fibres- depresses the scapula

Question 33

What is the innervation of the trapeius?

Answer 33

Spinal accessory nerve CNXI

Question 34

What actions do teres major have on the shoulder joint?

Answer 34

Adducts and medially rotates the shoulder

Question 35

What are the actions of latissimus dorsi on the shoulder joint?

Answer 35

Extends, adducts and medially rotates the shoulder

Question 36

What shoulder joint muscles cause flexion of the shoulder joint?

Answer 36

Anterior part of deltoid

Question 37

What shoulder joint muscles cause extension of the shoulder joint?

Answer 37

Latissimus dorsi Posterior part of deltoid

Question 38

Which shoulder joint muscles cause adduction of the shoulder joint?

Answer 38

Latissimus dorsi Teres major Subscapularis

Question 39

What shoulder joint muscles cause abduction of the shoulder joint?

Answer 39

Middle part of deltoid Supraspinatus

Question 40

What shoulder joint muscles casue medial/internal rotation of the shoulder joint?

Answer 40

Subscapularis Latissimus dorsi Pectoralis major Teres major Anterior part of deltoid

Question 41

What shoulder joint muscles cause lateral/external rotation of the shoulder joint?

Answer 41

Teres minor Infraspinatus Posterior part of deltoid