shoulder joints + ligaments

Question 1

the only joint that connects the UE directly with the thorax

Answer 1

sternoclavicular joint

Question 2

articulating surfaces of sc joint

Answer 2

medial end of clavicle to the clavicular facet of sternum and the superior border of first rib

clavicle: convex vertically (y axis)
sternum: concave anteroposteriorly (x axis)

Question 3

sc joint type

Answer 3

structural: sellar/saddle joint

functional: planar/gliding joint

saddle, planar synovial joint

Question 4

degrees of freedom and corresponding actions if sc joint

Answer 4

3 deg of freedom

• elevation-depression
• protraction-retraction
• transverse/axial rotation

Question 5

opp and cpp of sc joint

Answer 5

opp: arms resting by side

cpp: full elevation and protraction

Question 6

capsular pattern of sc joint

Answer 6

pain at extremes of ROM, esp in horizontal adduction and full elevation

Question 7

articulating surfaces of acromioclavicular joint

Answer 7

clavicular facet on the acromion to acromial facet on the clavicle

Question 8

ac joint type

Answer 8

planar/gliding joint; synovial joint

Question 9

degrees of freedom and corresponding movements of ac joint

Answer 9

3 deg of freedom

in brunnstrom
- elevation-depression
- abduction-adduction
- upward and downward rotation

in norkin
- external-internal rotation
- scapular tilting (anterior-posterior)
- upward-downward rotation

Question 10

opp and cpp of sc joint

Answer 10

opp: arm resting by side
cpp: 90 deg abd

Question 11

capsular pattern of ac joint

Answer 11

paint at extremes of ROM, horizontal add and full elevation

Question 12

articulating surfaces of glenohumeral joint

Answer 12

large spherical head of humerus to the small glenoid fossa of scapula

Question 13

gh joint type

Answer 13

ball and socket/enarthrodial/multiaxial

Question 14

degrees of freedom and corresponding movement of gh joint

Answer 14

3 degrees of freedom

• flexion-extension
• abduction-adduction
• IR and ER

Question 15

opp and cpp of gh joint

Answer 15

opp: 55 deg abd; 30 deg horizontal add
cpp: full abduction and external rot (ABER)

Question 16

capsular pattern of gh joint

Answer 16

EX > AB > IR

Question 17

false/functional joints

Answer 17

scapulothoracic, suprahumeral/subacromial, bicipital sulcus

Question 18

articulating surfaces of scapulothoracic joint

Answer 18

a point of contact between anterior surface if scapula and posterior lateral wall of thorax

Question 19

articulating surface of suprahumeral joint

Answer 19

between the head of the humerus and the arch formed by the neck of the scapula, acromion process, the rigid coracoacromial ligament and the coracoids process

Question 20

articulating surfaces of bicipital sulcus

Answer 20

serves as passageway for the long tendon of biceps brachii. places crucial role in the movement and stability of shoulder joint

Question 21

ligaments of sternoclavicular joint

Answer 21

• anterior sternoclavicular
• posterior sternoclavicular
• interclavicular
• costoclavocular

Question 22

limits/restricts of ligaments of sc joint

Answer 22

interclavicular - elongated and stretches during full depression
costoclavicular - limits extreme protraction and elevation
posterior sternoclavicular - limits excessive protraction
anterior sternoclavicular - limits excessive retraction

Question 23

ligaments if ac joint

Answer 23

• acromioclavicular ligament
• coracoclavicular (trapezoid, conoid)

Question 24

ligaments of glenohumeral joint

Answer 24

1. glenohumeral ligament (capsular ligament)
2. coracohumersl ligament
3. transverse humeral ligament

Question 25

contents of glenohumeral ligaments and their attachments

Answer 25

• superior (SGHL): supraglenoid to anatomic neck
• middle (MGHL): anterior-mid to anterior aspect of the anatomic neck
• inferior (IGHL): hammock like sling in the inferior capsule form ant-inferior and post-inferior glenoid to the anatomical neck
  *3 bands - anterior, inferior, posterior

Question 26

attachments if coracohumeral ligament

Answer 26

coracoid process to anterior side of greater tubercle

Question 27

attachments of transverse humeral ligament

Answer 27

runs between medial and lateral lip of bicipital groove, function to cover the tendon of the long head of triceps

Question 28

limits/restricts of sghl

Answer 28

limits inferior and anterior displacement with the arm at side

Question 29

limits/restricts of mghl

Answer 29

provides anterior stability from 0-45 deg abduction. limits anterior translation of humeral head

Question 30

limits/retstricts of ighl

Answer 30

anterior fibers - limits anterior humeral head translation during abduction
inferior fibers - limits abduction at 90 deg and provides anterior-posterior stability in ABD
posterior fibers - limits posterior humeral head translation during ABD and IR

Question 31

these provide capsular reinforcement

Answer 31

tendons and ligaments

Question 32

these supports the dependent (hanging down) arm and limit ER in lower ranges if ABD

Answer 32

coracohumeral, sghl, mghl

Question 33

main stabilizer of abducted shoulder

Answer 33

ighl all bands

Question 34

anteriorly covers the head of humerus below 90 ABD, considered as passive stabilizer to prevent anterior sublaxation of humerus

Answer 34

subscapularis tendon

Question 35

these are the primary structures limiting ER

Answer 35

lower part of capsule and subscapularis

Question 36

located anteriory, limits IR in first half of abduction

Answer 36

tendon of infraspinatus and teres minor

Question 37

weak capsular region (between sghl and mghl) frequent site of the anterior dislocation

Answer 37

foramen if weitbrecht

Question 38

between mghl and ighl

Answer 38

foramen of rouviere