SHRC Flashcards
(29 cards)
Contraceptives
Methods/tools intended to reduce the likelihood of pregnancy
May not protect against sexually transmitted infections (STIs)
Abstinence
Only 100% effective form of birth control
Different definitions
Still has the risk of STIs (oral)
Barriers
Prevent sperm from entering the uterus
Prevent pregnancy & STIs
Spermicides
Immobilize & kill sperm
Do not provide STI protection
Hormonal Methods
Estrogen and/or progestin (synthetic progesterone)
Prevent ovulation and/or alter cervical mucus, uterine lining
Do not provide STI protection
ex. pill, nuvaring, patch, depo-provera, iud, nexplanon
Surgical Sterilization
Vasectomy (penis/testicles)
Tubal ligation (fallopian tubes)
Contraception for gender-affirming
hormone therapy
Talk to your healthcare provider about what’s right for you!
Barriers (i.e., phallic condoms, internal condoms) are always an option
Detecting Pregnancy
Urine test, Blood test, Signs & symptoms
Emergency
Contraceptive Pill
most effective up to 72h
ECP (Plan B)
* Copper IUD Insertion
Medical Abortion
Up to 7 weeks
2 sets of medications → miscarriage
* 1 to 4 appointments required
* Timeline: 7 weeks gestation
* up to 10 weeks off-label
Surgical Abortion
7+ weeks
4 types: depend on time frame:
* 7 weeks Manual Vacuum Aspiration
* 6 - 14 weeks Vacuum Suction Curettage
* 13 - 16 weeks Dilation and Evacuation
* 20 + weeks Rare
Abortion
Facts
1 in 3 Canadian women have had an abortion in their
lifetime
* Risk of mortality is lower than childbirth
* In Ontario, abortions are self-referred procedures
* Elective abortions are covered by OHIP
* Illegal to provide abortion for sex-selection purposes
* No legal time limitation on when abortion is performed
Keep Pregnancy
to Term
Prenatal care (physician is the best resource)
Prenatal classes and birthing plan
Community Resources:
○ KFL&A Public Health: Nutrition programs,
Breastfeeding classes
○ Better Beginnings for Kingston Children: Support
groups, Home visiting
○ Child and Baby Talk Phone Line
○ SHRC Library
Adoption
Closed vs. Open adoption
there is no contact or identifying information - some level of communication and information exchange between the biological and adoptive families
* Public vs. Private adoption
arranged through government or state agencies and often involves children who are in the foster care system - adoptive parents work with an adoption agency or attorney directly
* Crown wards
Crown ward” is a child under the guardianship of the state (the Crown), usually because of parental neglect, abuse, or inability to care for the child
STI
Sexually transmitted infection (STI)
* Less stigmatized
* More encompassing
Causes of STIs
Bacteria
Orally, vaginally, rectally, sharing toys
* Chlamydia
* Gonorrhea
* Syphilis
Virus
* Herpes
* HIV
* HPV
* Hepatitis
Parasite
* Trichomoniasis
* Pubic lice
* Scabies
Yeast infection, UTIs, and bacterial vaginosis (not technically STIs)
Chlamydia
Symptoms
* None, discharge, burning during urination, itching, pelvic pain
Diagnosis
Urine
Swab
Treatment
* One-time dose of oral antibiotics
- Most common bacterial infection
Other considerations
Gonorrhea
Symptoms
* None, white/yellow discharge, burning, itching, pelvic pain
Diagnosis
* Urine
* Swab
Treatment
* Combination of oral and injection antibiotics
- Often co-diagnosed with chlamydia
Other considerations
Syphilis
Symptoms
* Painless genital ulcer, rash, flu-like symptoms
Diagnosis
* Swab of lesion
* Blood
Treatment
* Course of antibiotics
- Syphilis has four stages of progression
Other considerations
Herpes
Transmission
* Skin-to-skin, mouth to genital contact
Symptoms
* None, painful and itchy blisters/sores
Diagnosis
* Swab of lesion
Treatment
* Anti-viral medication to prevent reoccurrence
- Virus is widely prevalent but asymptomatic in the population
HIV/AIDS
Transmission
* Direct contact with bodily fluid
Symptoms
* Impairment of the immune system
Diagnosis
* Blood test
Treatment
* Antiretroviral therapy, support, counselling
- Life expectancy of HIV+ people on ART = general population
HPV
Transmission
* Skin to skin, mouth to genital contact
Symptoms
* None, genital warts, cervical cancer, anal cancer, head and neck cancer
Diagnosis
* Inspection/ Pap smear
Treatment
* Warts – freeze off with liquid nitrogen
* Cancer – surgical management
* The body will often spontaneously clear the infection with no physical
consequences or symptoms. There is no medical treatment for the HPV virus
- Most prevalent STI
Hepatitis
Transmission
* Direct contact with bodily fluid
Symptoms
* Inflammation of the liver
Diagnosis
* Blood test
Treatment
* Supportive therapy → antiviral medication depending on type
- Preventative vaccinations available for hepatitis A and B (most common)
- Hepatitis C now curable
Trichomoniasis
Transmission
* Genital to genital/anal contact
Symptoms
* 70% asymptomatic, itching, irritation, discharge
Diagnosis
* Cervical mucus swab, penile swab/urine
Treatment
* Single dose of antibiotics
- Not reportable, can increase susceptibility to HIV
