SIGNIFICANCE OF REVOLTS AGAINST BRITISH RULE IN UC/LC, 1837-38? Flashcards
(12 cards)
4 short term causes of the revolt in Upper Canada?
Radical voice within Reform Party
Poor British/Irish immigrants who needed support
Actions of Lieutenant governors (Colborne and Head)
1836 election results.
CAUSES IN UC: RADICAL REFORMERS:
While Baldwin (moderate Reformer) was in London protesting removal from ___, who led the Reformers? Significance?
As the 1830s progressed, what did he draw more inspiration from?
/Executive council by the lieutenant governor. William Lyon Mackenzie, far more radical. He ran a newspaper that had been attacked by those linked to Family Compact: Reformer reputation.
/America: argued UC should follow its example and seek independence.
CAUSES IN UC: EMIGRATION:
Where were poor immigrants mainly from? Who did UC share prejudices with?
How were these immigrants assisted? Why was this unpopular?
What did higher emigration intensify?
/Ireland… prejudice shared with Britain.
/Ops Township Scheme, unpopular among reformers due to cost, and unpopular with Family Compact as increase of poor immigrants meant increase in opposition for them.
/The cholera epidemics.
CAUSES IN UC: ACTIO OF THE LIEUTENANT GOVERNORS:
When was Colborne in office until? What did he do badly? What was his most controversial action?
When was Head in office until? What did he do badly? Who did this anger?
/1835 Bypassed legislative assembly to use taxes for officials’ salaries, and to create an English school rather than a university. He allocated clergy reserves’ incomes to support the Anglican parishes/churches. Angered protestants.
/1838… was highly inexperienced… was against responsible government and ran personally in the 1836 election which angered reformists like Mackenzie.
CAUSES IN UC: 1836 ELECTION:
What were the laws passed intended to do? What did they include?
What did this cement for Mackenzie+ Reformers?
/Prevent Reform challenges… law extending session of legislative.
/Believed rebellion was necessary. WM prepared declaration of independence, making many promises to his supporters.
EVENTS OF REVOLT UC:
Despite having sent troops to LC, why were the British still able to deal with the revolt speedily?
How many gathered around which properties in which month? Who opposed them and dispersed them?
/Mackenzie’s changing leadership/confused aims.
/Family Compact properties in December 1837. Loyalists, with the arrival of loyalist reinforcements.
RESULTS OF REVOLT UC:
What happened to the rebel sympathisers who stayed? How many hanged?
What did the British think the rebellion in UC was down to?
/Often arrested, two hung.
/The actions of the Family Compact.
Long term cause of revolt in LC?
3 Short term causes?
/Exclusion of French-speaking majority in executive arm of government.
/Leadership of patriotes (Papineau), Economic/social issues, Gosford Commission + British decision on colony.
CAUSES IN LC: PAPINEAU:
Why was Papineau opposed to the British? What was his stance on the seigneurial system, unlike more liberal patriotes?
Why did Papineau become more anti-British in the 30s? What may have influenced him?
What were the 92 Resolutions and when were they published? By who? What did they demand?
/Due to his French-Canadian nationalism. Was opposed to any change in seigneurial system.
/Radical mood of the times (Revolution in France 1830), discontent of economic situation in LC.
/Long list of political demands of the patriotes published in 1834. Demanded constitutional change: elective councils, protection of French-Canadian identity.
CAUSES IN LC: ECONOMIC:
What intensified the hardships of the habitants in 1830s? Who benefited?
What was the major problem for the British? Who was uncompromising?
/Increased immigration, also brought cholera (outbreak in 1832) leading to tensions. Patriotes gained support.
/How to pay the salaries of officials, as Papineau had been uncompromising in British proposals for shared economic control of province.
CAUSES IN LC: THE GOSFORD MISSION:
Why did the Gosford mission fail? What did it show the patriotes?
What were the Russel Resolutions? When were they passed? How much did LC owe British gov?
What was the patriote response upon finding this? British response to this? Patriote response to response?
/Head revealed the full terms of the inquiry, showing Britain had now intention for the constituitonal reform the patriotes were calling for.
/Resolutions passed by British parliament in 1837 rejected reform/92 resolutions. Calculated £142,160 owed over the crisis years.
/Patriotes called for boycotts on British goods and Free trade in USA/LC. Gosford increased military presence in province, banning protest meetings. Patriotes began to prepare for revolt.
RESULTS OF REVOLT: LC:
How many patriotes in jail by the end? When was 1791 constitution suspended?
Why did the British take the threat so seriously?
What worried the British about Canadian rebels fleeing to America?
/500, 1838
/LC was more serious threat than UC, Flashbacks to American Revolution
/Relations had been sceptical, and fear of American involvement in Canada was never far from British minds.
