Signs of retinal disease

Question 1

*Arteriol and venous changes

Answer 1

Arteriol

• Arteriol attenuation (thining)
• AV crossing changes
• Copper wiring of arterioles
• Silver wiring of arterioles

Vascular

• venous dilation and tortuosity
• AV crossing changes

Question 2

What are microanerusyms

Answer 2

• tiny round dots

- saccular outpouchins from vessels due to lack of pericytes

Question 3

Types of haemorhage

Roth spots

Answer 3

Dot and blot (diabetic, hypertensive)
flame shaped (vein occlusion)
Pre-retinal (trauam, valsava, neovascularisaiton)

Roth spots (endocarditis, anaemia, haematological diseases)

Question 4

Hard exucudates

Cotton wool spots

Answer 4

Hard = lipid deposition,(can get macular star), abnormal vascualr permeability

Cotton wool - ischaemic infarction
-diabetes, HTN, sle, infective

Question 5

Neovascularisation

Answer 5

Get hypoxia,then vasoformative facotrs –> neovascularisatin

Diabetes, retinal vein occlusions

Question 6

Occlusive vascular disease signs

Answer 6

VEIN
- dilated venules
haemorghages (dot and blot)
odemea

Artery

• Constricted arterioles
• retinal oeema
• chery red spot

Question 7

Degeneration/dystrophy sign

Answer 7

• drusen
• atropy
• pigment changes
• scarring

Question 8

Posterior Uveitis (inflammation)

Answer 8

• choroiditis

- retinitis