Simple Definitions Flashcards
Henry’s Law
increasing the air pressure above a solution increases the solubility of the gas
Pauli Exclusion Principle
in a ground state, two electrons in the same orbital must have opposite spins
Heterogeneous Mixtures
A mixture that has visually distinguishable components
Homogeneous Mixtures
A mixture that remains uniform throughout
Protons
Positively charged
Electrons
Negatively charged
Neutrons
Neutrally charged
How do you calculate the amount of protons an atom has?
The number of protons in the nucleus of the atom is equal to the atomic number (Z)
How do you calculate the amount of electrons an atom has?
The number of electrons in a neutral atom is equal to the number protons
How do you calculate the amount of neutrons an atom has?
The number of neutrons in an atom can be calculated by subtracting the atomic number (Z) from the atomic mass (M)
Atomic Mass
mass number = protons + neutrons OR is located below the element symbol
Atomic Number
Is equal to the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom or the number of electrons in an electrically neutral atom (located above element symbol)
2 Electron Groups surround the center atom
Bond Angle of 180 Degrees
3 Electron Groups surrounding the center atom
Bond Angle of 120 Degrees
4 Electron Groups surrounding the center atom
Bond Angle of 109.5 Degrees
Isotopes
mass number (A) = protons + neutrons
Shorthand Notation for Isotopes
A/Z X
A = Mass Number (# of protons + neutrons)
Z = Atomic Number (# of protons)
X = Element Symbol
What is mass percent composition?
It is the percentage of a component in a mixture
What is percent composition?
It is the percentage of a particular chemical element in a mixture
Naming Binary Compounds (Nonmetals)
prefix + name of first element AND prefix + base name of second element + -ide
Naming Ionic Compounds (Metals)
prefixes are never used, remember to cross and also take into consideration roman numerals
Deposition
gas TO solid
Sublimation
solid TO gas
Vaporization
liquid TO gas
